Crits. of Utilitarianism
1. Too demanding.
2. Too permissive.
Utiliarinan's reply: Negative side effects
Ex: If a doctor had 5 people on a wading list for organs, and a 6th healthy patient comes in for a minor surgery, What should the doctor do? If the doctor kills the 6th patient, their would be fresh organs for the other five sick patient's. So only one would die instead of five.
Crits. (organ transplant)
Fear of hospitals
Spread of disease & death from non treatment
Prison costs/Student loan money
lost skill
2nd Ex: Suppose a sheriff hangs a man to please the majority of the people in his town. More people would be happy if the person got hung.
Crits: (Hanging)
loss of faith in the Justice system
Fear
Utilitarian Reply #2
Our moral intuition about killing innocent people are wrong
There are stranger moral intuitions in favor of utilitarianism
Ex: Lets say your in a cave down on the beach, and you notice the tide coming in, so the five of you decide to get out of the cave before the tide comes completely in and drowned the five of you. The larges guy starts heading out of the cave and gets caught. The other 4 try to push him out but its no use, hes stuck. One of you four left realize that you have a stick of dynamite in your pocket, while the water is rising. What do you do? The big guy is fine, because his head is out of the cave, but what about the other 4. Do you sacrifice the bigger guy so the others can live?
Utilitarian would day blow up the big guy.

3. Utilitarianism doesn't tell us how to decide between a small good for a great number or a great good for a smaller number.
Ex:4 bil. peopleX 5 headons each=20bil people
or 2 bil. peopleX10 headons each=20bil people
or20 bil. peopleX1 headons each=20bil people
or
1 bil.peopleX10 headons each=10bil people
10bil.peopleX1 headons each=10bil people
Total headons =20bil people
Headons:units of happiness
4. Too difficult to calculate the consequences Pleasure
Bentham-hedonistic calculus -____Pain__
Net Pleasures
5. People just use hedonistic calculations to rationalize decisions.

Fecusity-lead to other pleasures

From each according to his ability
to each according to his need.

Mill: use rules of thumb as a practical guide - break when needed.

Critics Rebatal
1. Isn't it wrong to kill an innocent person because of what you do to them, not social consequences.
2. Publicity requirement
If you don't get caught, their are no social consequences.