Divine Command Theory (Morality)-Layman: Only religion gives people reasons to be moral all the time,(even when no one is looking)

Classic DCM- God is required as a metaphysical foundation for morality. An act is right if and only if its in accord with God's commands.
-Dostoevsky: "If God doesn't exsist, then everything is permitted."

Criticisms-
1. How do we know what God's commands are, which revelations, if any, to believe? Tanakh (Old Testament), New Testament, Quvan,
2. How do you know there is a God?
3. Religion has a history of inspiring evil, as well as good.
4. Cynical- Hidden Assumption: the only reason to be moral is because its in your self-interest.

Layman: Arthur offers an explanation of moral behavior, but not a rational justification.
-explains why people do what they do
-doesn't give good reasons for why you should be moral

Arthur:
Euthyphro Problem (Yoo-thuh-froh)-
1. Does God commands things because they're right?
Example: God commands against promiscuous sex because of STD's, unwanted pregnancies, emotional problems, etc.-human welfare and happiness.
-If God has reasons, those reasons make up morality and its irrelevant whether they're God's reasons.
2. Are things right simply because God commands them?
Example: What make promiscuity wrong isn't negative consequences, but just the fact God said don't do it.
-Arbitrary: What if God commanded stealing, lying, torturing babies for fun, Would that make it right?

Criticism-
1. Maybe morality and conscience isn't so "social", self-image plays a large role.

Utilitarianism-
-utility: pleasure and the absence of pain- happiness
-The Greatest Happiness Principle- the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Maximize happiness or utility

Two Parts to Utilitarianism
1. Theory of Value- called Herodonism: only pleasure is of intrinsic value
2. Theory of Action- maximize the value

Intrinsic Value- pleasure
Extrinsic Value- money, valuable because it gets you something else (instrumental)