1. The lord's sole occupation was a. trade b. waging war c. running the manor d. all of the above 2. In peacetime, the favorite amusements of the nobility in the Middle Ages were a. hunting and tournaments b. fishing and traveling c. tournaments and writing poetry d. none of the above 3. Dignity and status within the nobility were directly related to a. skill in combat b. the exercise of authority over others c. one's cultural sophistication displayed at court d. both a and b 4. Which of the following factors forced the nobility into steep decline in the Late Middle Ages? a. population reduction b. changes in military tactics emphasizing the infantry c. alliance of wealthy towns with the king d. all of the above 5. For the nobility, peace was considered to be a. a goal worth attaining because of the security it afforded b. unnatural to their primary occupation c. an ideal to strive towards d. both b and c 6. The process of attaining knighthood a. was as sacred to the nobility as clerical ordination b. was respected, but never evoked honor or social nobility c. brought with it few special privileges d. both b and c 7. Tournaments were designed to a. keep men fit for war b. reduce violence among the common people c. satisfy the lust of the common people for martial entertainment d. both b and c 8. Courtly love poetry a. was overtly erotic and advocated carnal lust b. was devoted to "pursuit" without physical sex c. resulted in church censorship d. sought to establish a common code of behavior for medieval society 9. The clergy of the Middle Ages were divided into two groups: a. cardinals and bishops b. parish priests and priests who served at the royal court c. regular clergy and secular clergy d. none of the above 10. The regular clergy can best be described as a. priests b. Dominicans c. monks and nuns d. bishops and archbishops 11. The duties of the secular clergy were to a. live according to an ascetic rule in cloisters b. raise money for charity to the poor c. conduct diplomacy with secular leaders d. live and work directly among the laity of the world 12. The Carthusians, Cistercians and Praemonstratensians were all a. heretics who were persecuted by the church b. members of the "scholarly clergy" c. hermetic orders whose members lived independent of one another d. none of the above 13. Beguines were a. religious orders for women b. the fees required of all those who entered convents and monasteries c. lay satellite convents d. the daily tasks and duties of the regular clergy in France 14. What was the basic reason for the popularity and reverence of the clergy in the High Middle Ages? a. their study of the sciences and theology was admired b. the wealth of the church demanded respect c. the church's role as mediator between God and men was revered d. both b and c 15. In the Late Middle Ages, the clergy were resented by townspeople because a. they hated the special immunities and privileges which the clergy possessed b. they disliked the bickering and constant in fighting among clerical orders c. the monks abused their power of excommunication and interdict d. the church tried to dominate the affairs of the city 16. Excommunication and interdict a. resulted in suspension of the church's sacraments b. could be imposed by popes and archbishops c. disallowed any communication with the affected secular ruler d. once imposed could not be lifted 17. Tenants of servile manors were a. slaves b. more vulnerable to the whims of their landlords c. also known as coloni d. none of the above 18. Tenants of free manors a. had originally been freemen b. were originally known as coloni c. had limited tenancy obligations and their rights were more carefully defined d. all of the above 19. Banalities were a. particular exactions of a lord over his serfs b. petty disputes between nobles c. monastic buildings d. none of the above 20. One of the main changes in the evolution of the manor from the Early Middle Ages to the High Middle Ages was a. the translation of feudal dues into money payments b. the growing dependence of the lord upon military aid from the king c. the fragmentation of the manor d. both a and c 21. Generally speaking, towns tended to ally themselves with a. kings against the middle class b. kings against the feudal lords c. feudal lords against the kings d. the church against the feudal lords 22. "Town air brings freedom" refers to a. the fact that town residents were treated as freemen b. laws banning prisons from towns c. the new economic freedom and vitality engendered by the growth of cities d. none of the above 23. When artisan guilds achieved representation on local city councils, gradually a. guild regulations were tightened b. poorer artisans were allowed to join the guilds thus expanding the economy c. trade was narrowed and the economy depressed d. both a and c 24. Towns became a major transition from feudal societies to national governments because towns a. provided kings with the resources they needed to curb factious noblemen b. provided a consistent production of goods c. housed centers of learning and provided learned administrators d. catered to the creativity and energy of the middle-class merchants 25. Which of the following was a factor in the unprecedented surge in anti-Jewish sentiment between the 12th and early 14th centuries? a. kings wanted to confiscate Jewish wealth and property b. kings saw Jews as economic competitors with the monarchy c. the Christian Church feared the loss of its political power and was determined to maintain its spiritual hegemony d. all of the above 26. A renaissance of ancient knowledge a. was important in the rise of universities b. was dependent upon Greek and Muslim traditions and heritage c. did not occur until the 15th century d. both a and b 27. The "university" at first was a. a combination of colleges b. a youth hostel c. a corporation of students and masters who joined together for mutual protection from Episcopal authority d. both a and c 28. The university of Paris became the model for the study of a. law b. theology c. science d. dialectic 29. The university of Bologna was distinguished as the center for the study of a. Roman law b. medicine c. rhetoric d. both a and c 30. The curriculum of the university was based upon a. grammar b. rhetoric c. geometry and astronomy d. all of the above 31. University members were a. integrated closely into the life of the town b. often viewed by townspeople as foreigners without civil rights c. characterized by a desire to remain independent d. both a and c 32. The study and dissemination of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 12th century was directed by a. Gratian b. Irnerius c. Justinian d. Porphyry 33. The standard legal summary of church law was called a. Corpus Juris b. Corpus Contractium c. Concordance of Discordant Canons d. Decree of Holy Law 34. The trivium consisted of the following with the exception of a. grammar b. geometry c. rhetoric d. logic 35. Originally colleges were a. hospices providing room and board for students b. exclusive schools for the nobility c. schools for the clergy d. a protection guild for students 36. Scholasticism can best be defined as a. a program of study limited to established scholars b. a method of study involving dispute by elaborate argument with modest conclusions c. a process of learning with emphasis on church doctrine and obedience d. a radical learning program based on humanism 37. The Scholastic program of study was based upon a. history and theology b. philosophy and music c. dialectic and logic d. both a and c 38. Scholastic thinkers quarreled over two basic problems: a. the relationship between God and man and God and happiness b. the proper relation of philosophy and theology and whether universal concepts existed apart from the human mind c. logic and dialectic d. both b and c 39. Whose works became the primary focus of scholastic study? a. Priscian b. Donatus c. Aristotle d. Saint Augustine 40. Peter Abelard's work, Sic et Non, illustrates a. the Scholastic concern for one interpretation of Truth b. the Scholastic love of contradictory views c. the legitimate criticism that Scholastic thinkers were indecisive d. both b and c 41. William of Ockham a. was considered a foe of Scholasticism b. was considered a supporter of Scholasticism c. denied that theological matters could be empirically addressed d. both a and c 42. Saint Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica a. departed from conservative theological thought b. was a summary of the whole of theological knowledge c. criticized the Humanist view of the creation of the world d. all of the above 43. Christian theologians depicted women as a. physically, mentally and morally weaker than men b. spiritually equal to men c. the cause of most male disputes d. both a and b 44. There is evidence that high infant and child mortality in the Middle Ages a. distanced parents from children b. made parents look on children as all the more precious c. resulted in parental alienation from the church d. was the result of widespread infanticide