Which one of the following is NOT true of the settlement of the Great Plains?



A.  By 1900 the majority of settlers were successful farmers.


B.  Lands reserved for the Indians were greatly reduced.


C.  Climatic conditions for long-term agricultural production were not good.


D.  Land speculators were the only ones to make a profit.


E.


Answer: A
Legislation such as the Homestead Act of 1862 and Timber Culture Act of 1873



A.  produced a utopia of family farms in the Midwest as envisioned by their congressional sponsors.


B.  mandated the development of a formal water conservation policy in the Great Plains.


C.  had little real impact on migration into the Trans-Mississippi West.


D.  benefited speculators more than the small farmers.


E.


Answer: D
The most important agent promoting settlement in the Trans-Mississippi West was



A.  the United States Department of Agriculture.


B.  state government.


C.  railroad companies.


D.  the United States Army.


E.


Answer: C
What group established the strongest labor unions in the West in the late nineteenth century?



A.  cowhands


B.  miners


C.  timber workers


D.  textile workers


E.


Answer: B
Among the first white communities that developed in the West after the fur trader crossed the region were



A.  cow towns.


B.  mining towns.


C.  farming villages.


D.  textile camps.


E.


Answer: B
In terms of land ownership, farming and pasturage, the Mormons built the largest of what type of society in the West?



A.  sharecropping


B.  homesteading


C.  communal


D.  democratic


E.


Answer: C
As a consequence of the Edmunds-Tucker Act of 1887, Mormon followers



A.  began to give up polygamy and other communal aspects of their society.


B.  fled to Utah territory to seek religious freedom.


C.  continued the practice of plural marriage as an element of religious freedom.


D.  clung to such communal practices as joint land ownership.


E.


Answer: A
The appearance in the Southwest of such groups as Las Gorcas Blancas and Los Alianza Hispano-Americana indicated that



A.  most Mexicanos who remained in the Southwest after the Mexican War were well-to-do.


B.  Mexicanos were challenging the rising Anglo presence in the Southwest.


C.  Anglos exerted little economic and political influence in the Southwest.


D.  a mutually accepted joining of cultures was occurring in the Southwest.


E.


Answer: B
By living in small village communities in the Missouri area and staying away from whites and their diseases, this group managed to survive as a separate tribe even while intermarrying with the Sioux.



A.  Cheyenne


B.  Comanche


C.  Kiowa


D.  Omaha


E.


Answer: A
To some extent promoted by the nature of the terrain in the Great Plains, native tribes there developed a culture that was



A.  sedentary with an agricultural base.


B.  semi-nomadic and largely agricultural.


C.  nomadic and supported by hunting and gathering.


D.  characterized by large remote villages and fur trading economic base.


E.


Answer: C
Among Plains Indians the _____ earned a reputation as expert horse traders and "casual" farmers and the _____ as expert warriors and largest confederation on the Great Plains.



A.  Arapahos; Comanches


B.  Apaches; Nez Perce


C.  Kiowas; Cheyenne


D.  Cheyennes; Sioux


E.


Answer: D
After the Civil War, Indian reservations in Oklahoma were



A.  improved and expanded.


B.  left alone.


C.  condensed, because the Indian population declined.


D.  condensed to create new lands for white settlers, forcing greater numbers of Indians into less land.


E.


Answer: D
Reformers in such organizations as the Women's National Indian Association and Indian Rights Association, formed in 1874, proposed to solve the "Indian Problem" by



A.  eradicating tribal customs in favor of assimilation.


B.  promoting cultural pride among native peoples.


C.  encouraging traditional native communal practices.


D.  returning Indian lands to the original occupants.


E.


Answer: A
Under the Dawes Severalty Act,



A.  refusal to remain on the reservation constituted a capital crime punishable by death.


B.  the president could distribute land to individuals as opposed to tribes.


C.  tribes were encouraged to continue their communal practices on reservation land.


D.  American Indians became citizens of the United States.


E.


Answer: B
Among the minority of native peoples who survived and even grew in the wake of the late nineteenth century Indian/white conflict were the



A.  Quapaw.


B.  Yana.


C.  Flathead.


D.  Navaho.


E.


Answer: D
Which of the following has the LEAST in common with the other three?



A.  Battle of Wounded Knee


B.  William Tecumseh Sherman


C.  Sitting Bull


D.  Ghost Dance


E.


Answer: B
Contrary to Hollywood western images, cowboys came from diverse ethnic groups and regions. Which one of the following does NOT represent a large number from these groups?



A.  Anglos from the South


B.  Mexican vaqueros


C.  African Americans


D.  Irish Americans


E.


Answer: D
Female prostitutes in the Old West



A.  often abused alcohol and addictive drugs.


B.  earned more money than the typical cowhand.


C.  were typically older women who had no family.


D.  were rarely of a racial or ethnic minority.


E.


Answer: B
Which one of the following was NOT one of the factors that worked against stable communities in western towns?



A.  gunfights


B.  prostitution


C.  gambling


D.  drinking


E.


Answer: A
Which of the following is NOT related to record farm output in the late nineteenth century?



A.  scientific study of soils, grain, and climate


B.  reapers and harvesters


C.  Hatch Act, 1877


D.  small farming units


E.


Answer: D
The state that became the model for "agribusiness" by 1900 was



A.  California.


B.  Nebraska.


C.  Texas.


D.  Missouri.


E.


Answer: A
The first national park established in 1872 reflected the beauty of the American West. It was



A.  Yosemite.


B.  Yellowstone.


C.  Sierra Madre.


D.  Sequoia.


E.


Answer: B
Which of the following has the LEAST in common with the other three?



A.  Rocky Mountain School


B.  Alfred Bierstadt


C.  Charles Russell


D.  earthscapes


E.


Answer: C
Passage of the General Land Revision Act of 1891 reflected



A.  concern over the unfortunate effects of land improvement by the new inhabitants of the West.


B.  the dramatic decline in the amount of public land available for homesteading.


C.  the government's commitment to utilization of natural resources on public lands.


D.  a lack of concern for the threat to land resources posed by natural disasters.


E.


Answer: C
Among the most imaginative artists in the late nineteenth century who painted or photographed the character of the West were all of the following EXCEPT



A.  Charles Russell.


B.  Alice Cunningham Fletcher.


C.  Frederic Remington.


D.  Charles Schreyvogel.


E.


Answer: B
The Homestead Act was more successful in the Great Plains than it was in central and upper Midwest in encouraging farming.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: B
The Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867 resulted in intense overcrowding in Indian Lands.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: A
As a result of reform efforts, by the late nineteenth century native peoples had successfully made the transition to Christianized, farming, capitalistic societies.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: B
With technological improvements, the 1890s farmer could produce up to ten times more than the 1850s farmer.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: A
Between 1880 and 1900 the average farm size in the major grain-growing states declined by 30 percent.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: B