The essential services of this voluntary organization illustrated how incapable the U.S. army was of meeting the needs of the new mass army.



A.  Contraband Relief Association


B.  United States Sanitary Commission


C.  Women's Central Association of Relief


D.  Red Cross


E.


Answer: C
After Fort Sumter, events unfolded in the northern-most tier of slave-owning states that indicated



A.  decidedly southern leanings among most of the population.


B.  considerable apathy among most of the population.


C.  decidedly northern leanings among most of the population.


D.  conflicting loyalties within the population.


E.


Answer: D
Short-term southern assets as the war erupted appeared to include all of the following EXCEPT the



A.  defensive nature of the struggle in the South.


B.  militaristic spirit of southern culture.


C.  sizable industrial capacity.


D.  military leadership of officers like Robert E. Lee.


E.


Answer: C
Abraham Lincoln's task as party leader during the war was made difficult by



A.  southern defections from the Republican party.


B.  the ungelled mix of groups in the young party.


C.  noninvolvement of Westerners in the party.


D.  the uncovering of numerous scandals in Republican circles.


E.


Answer: B
As commander-in-chief, Lincoln involved himself in planning military strategy because he



A.  feared rebellion within military ranks.


B.  had trained at West Point himself.


C.  had to pursue a strategy that would complement his goal of reconciliation.


D.  had an obsessive impulse to control every detail in his administration.


E.


Answer: C
The North financed its war through a combination of



A.  foreign loans and upward revision of the tariff.


B.  bond sales, taxes, and paper money.


C.  land sales, property assessments, and minting more silver.


D.  spending cuts, state allotments, and gold sales abroad.


E.


Answer: B
Which one of the following was NOT part of the Republican Platform of 1860 that was enacted into law?



A.  Homestead Act


B.  Morill Land Grant Act


C.  Morrill Tariff Act


D.  State Bank Act


E.


Answer: D
Which one of the following was NOT an advantage Jefferson Davis held over Lincoln?



A.  national Cabinet rank


B.  experience as an administrator


C.  former military man


D.  experience in legislative office


E.


Answer: D
Which one of the following was LEAST likely to be drafted into the Confederate military based on provisions of the draft law?



A.  a 30-year-old southern planter from Mississippi with 30 slaves


B.  a 25-year-old non-slaveholding yeoman farmer from Alabama


C.  a 30-year-old miller from Charleston


D.  an 18-year-old unemployed apprentice printer from East Texas


E.


Answer: A
Union victories at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and New Orleans suggested the possibility of the success of an important Union war goal. It was to



A.  pummel the area around Richmond.


B.  cut off the Confederate states west of the Mississippi.


C.  seize the resource-rich Lower South.


D.  cut South Carolina off from less committed Confederate states.


E.


Answer: B
The Union "Anaconda Plan" attempted to defeat the Confederacy by



A.  strangling it from all sides.


B.  aiming military efforts at key population centers first.


C.  aiming military efforts at economic targets, such as cotton fields and factories, first.


D.  negotiating a peace settlement before committing the army.


E.


Answer: A
Before the end of the Civil War, this percentage of slaves had fled to Union lines.



A.  ten


B.  twenty-five


C.  fifty


D.  seventy-five


E.


Answer: B
Lincoln's official policy toward slavery before the 1862 decree and the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation was to



A.  do everything possible to eliminate slavery


B.  achieve social equality in addition to freedom for slaves.


C.  enlist slaves in the military.


D.  minimize it and emphasize preservation of the Union.


E.


Answer: D
In issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln freed slaves



A.  throughout all slaveholding states in the Confederacy and the Union.


B.  only in areas still in rebellion.


C.  only in the Lower South.


D.  specifically belonging to the highest military and civilian leaders in the Confederacy.


E.


Answer: B
Black volunteers made up approximately _____ of the Union Army.



A.  10%


B.  20%


C.  30%


D.  35%


E.


Answer: A
Which one of the following is NOT true of the experiences of black volunteers and soldiers during the Civil War?



A.  They served in integrated units.


B.  The commanding officers were white.


C.  They were paid less than whites until 1864.


D.  Confederates regarded them as escaped slaves subject to execution.


E.


Answer: A
The high casualty rate in the Civil War occurred because of all the following EXCEPT



A.  use of massed infantry offensives.


B.  the inaccuracy of field artillery.


C.  ignorance about medical care.


D.  failure to handle health needs of a large army.


E.


Answer: B
With which of the following statements would a Copperhead NOT have agreed during the Civil War?



A.  The nation's welfare would be best served by an immediate armistice and negotiated peace.


B.  "King Abraham" is a high-handed despot.


C.  The black man deserves his freedom but must prove his worthiness as a free man.


D.  The draft is unacceptable.


E.


Answer: C
The most serious economic consequence of the war for most northerners was



A.  bankruptcy.


B.  declining production.


C.  unemployment.


D.  inflation.


E.


Answer: D
"A rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was a view shared by both



A.  poor southern whites and northern urban workers.


B.  southern slaves and northern free blacks.


C.  Radical Republicans and Peace Democrats.


D.  Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis.


E.


Answer: A
Of all of those drafted in the North, approximately _____ actually served.



A.  75%


B.  45%


C.  30%


D.  less than 10%


E.


Answer: D
Historical review suggests that the BASIC cause of the riots that occurred in New York City in 1863 was



A.  racial prejudice.


B.  urban tension.


C.  anger at the draft.


D.  political disputes.


E.


Answer: B
An observer in Atlanta in 1863 would have seen all of the Following EXCEPT



A.  hunger.


B.  class-based tension.


C.  volunteers lined up to enter military service.


D.  high prices for everyday goods.


E.


Answer: C
The warfare that Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman practiced was designed to



A.  conduct limited war to reduce casualties.


B.  protect the civilian population from harm.


C.  use guerrilla warfare to disable the southern military.


D.  inflict maximum damage on the South.


E.


Answer: D
A clear sign of the Confederacy's desperate condition in early 1865 was



A.  arming prisoners held in southern jails to fight for the Confederacy.


B.  lowering enlistment age to 14.


C.  authorizing the draft of black soldiers.


D.  the government's use of the barter system to pay Confederate troops.


E.


Answer: C
The primary diplomatic responsibility that Secretary of State William Seward assumed during the war was to keep England and France from recognizing the Confederacy.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: A
The United States Congress passed the first draft law in American history in 1862 as voluntary military enlistments began to decline.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: B
The Emancipation Proclamation that Lincoln issued in 1862 was designed to meet the political purpose of satisfying abolitionists and conservatives alike.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: A
In Union Army camps black soldiers experienced wage and job discrimination and segregation.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: A
Throughout his tenure, Lincoln faced insignificant political divisiveness, as political opponents put the war effort above their political concerns.



A. True


B. False


C.


D.


E.


Answer: B