51. The chief subject of discussion at the convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848 was
A. revolutions abroad and their effect on the United States.
B. prison reform.
C. educational reform.
D. women's rights.
Answer: D
52. The largest number of non-English immigrants who came to the United States in the immigration boom period before the Civil War came from
A. Italy and France.
B. Ireland and Germany.
C. Mexico and Canada.
D. Poland and Russia.
Answer: B
53. The major factor sending waves of Irish immigrants to the United States between 1845 and 1849 was
A. the Irish Potato Famine.
B. Parliament's passage of anti-Catholic legislation.
C. the collapse of the Irish government.
D. major flooding that destroyed Irish crops and livestock.
Answer: A
54. Irish immigrants who settled in Boston in the 1850s entered a community where they saw all of the following EXCEPT
A. Catholic schools with Irish nuns and priests.
B. Irish social clubs and mutual aid societies.
C. Irish Democrats holding public office.
D. signs recruiting and welcoming Irish laborers.
Answer: D
55. The typical German immigrant in the 1840s-18 60s was
A. a political dissenter.
B. a dislocated artisan or farmer.
C. a school or college professor.
D. an indentured servant.
Answer: B
56. Early nineteenth century cities generally exhibited which one of the following characteristics?
A. public health problems
B. extensive municipal services
C. mass transit systems
D. middle class population
Answer: A
57. Approximately 500,000 free African Americans resided in the United States by 1860, making up what percent of the total black population?
A. less than one-half of one percent
B. one percent
C. three percent
D. eleven percent
Answer: D
58. Among the occupations open to free black males in northern cities in the mid-nineteenth century was
A. cigarmaker.
B. seaman.
C. rope maker.
D. printer.
Answer: B
59. Political leaders in the mid-nineteenth century American city
A. were middle-class professional politicians.
B. were members of the wealthy elite.
C. governed with a very personal style.
D. had little interest in party politics.
Answer: A
60. The existence of the Workies in early nineteenth century America indicated that
A. political parties had little interest in taking up working class causes.
B. employers encouraged worker input on the job.
C. working class leisure activities quickly appeared in the cities.
D. urban workers represented a potentially influential political power.
Answer: D
61. Which of the following was NOT a result of German immigration to urban areas in North America in the early 1800s?
A. Many German customs such as gymnasiums and candle-lit Christmas trees were adopted by the public at large. 
B. Germans immigrants formed enclaves of traditional culture in America where music, intellectual interests, and love of nature were emphasized. 
C. Public schools became less likely to offer vocational training, music programs, and kindergarten.
D. The poverty and strangeness of the new immigrants caused difficult problems for urban policy-makers.
Answer: C
62. In 1860, what percent of the American population lived in cities?
A. 6
B. about 9
C. slightly less than 18
D. almost 20
Answer: D
63. The political organization that became the center of the new mass politics in the mid-nineteenth-century American city was the
A. city-wide "Workies" association.
B. political machine.
C. ethnic reform association.
D. mutual aid society.
Answer: B
64. The agenda for reform in the 1820s and 1830s was set by
A. the new middle class.
B. the impoverished lower class.
C. the wealthy elite.
D. mutual aid associations.
Answer: A
65. Reformers in the 1820s and 1830s generally believed in all of the following EXCEPT
A. the inadequacy of small-scale local responses to social problems.
B. tolerance for the diverse cultural habits of Americans.
C. the basic goodness of human nature.
D. the usefulness of social control to eliminate unacceptable social behavior.
Answer: B
66. Educational reformers advocated an education system where
A. male teachers served as role models for young men.
B. a child's will was broken to shape him or her for a more godly life.
C. public taxes supported a comprehensive public school system.
D. all age groups were combined in an ungraded classroom.
Answer: C
67. The largest reform organization of the 1820s and 1830s was the
A. General Union for Promoting the Observance of the Christian Sabbath.
B. Female Moral Reform Society.
C. National Education Association.
D. American Temperance Society.
Answer: D
68. An important common denominator in the public education, temperance, antiprostitution, and asylum reform movements was
A. working class leadership.
B. female participation and leadership.
C. leadership by evangelical ministers.
D. southern support.
Answer: B
69. Which modern-day faith developed from the Millerite community?
A. Shakers
B. Mormons
C. Seventh-Day Adventists
D. Latter-day Saints
Answer: C
70. The most successful of the nineteenth-century communitarian movements was
A. Brook Farm.
B. the Mormon community.
C. New Harmony.
D. the Shaker community.
Answer: B
71. The "Burned-Over District" of New York State referred to
A. areas where the remaining Indians continued to employ "slash-and-burn" agriculture.
B. regions transformed by reform after the opening of the Erie Canal.
C. neighborhoods in large cities where immigration led to unrest.
D. cities that continued to employ volunteer fire departments when professional ones were required.
Answer: B
72. The Mormons had their beginnings in
A. Utah.
B. Missouri.
C. Ohio.
D. New York State.
Answer: D
73. In contrast to the antislavery sentiment expressed in the American Colonization Society, abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison
A. assumed a more compromising posture.
B. refused to argue the slavery issue on moral grounds.
C. demanded an immediate end to slavery.
D. had confidence in the ability of the federal government to solve the problem of slavery.
Answer: C
74. Similar to evangelical preachers in the nineteenth century, northern abolitionists
A. employed a confrontational and personal style.
B. treated their opponents with Christian charity.
C. opposed emotional responses to the frailties of the human condition.
D. used the pulpit as the primary means of publicizing their message.
Answer: A
75. The immediate impact of the abolitionist movement on the South was to
A. promote discussion on ending slavery.
B. stifle expressions of dissenting opinion.
C. force a loosening of restrictions on slaves.
D. close post offices that received abolitionist literature.
Answer: B
76. Northern response to the early abolitionists indicated that
A. the movement was controversial wherever it went.
B. northerners were ready to go to war to end the institution of slavery.
C. revivalistic tactics made it very popular.
D. northerners detested southern culture.
Answer: A
77. Complicating the efforts of abolitionists was their
A. lack of focus.
B. animosity to working class northerners.
C. disagreement on the status of free blacks.
D. refusal to denounce slavery on economic terms.
Answer: C
138. The typical German immigrants who settled in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century had earned their livelihood as farmers or artisans in Germany, but had been dislocated by the effects of the new market forces of industrialization.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: A
139. The General Trade Union and National Trade Union organized workers across gender, ethnic, and racial lines in an effort to present a unified front to employers in workplace disputes.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: B
140. Local voluntary organizations were the first groups to respond to the problems caused by the Market Revolution.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: A
141. Among the successes of the reform movements that were active in the 1820s and 1830s was a sharp decline in the amount of alcohol consumed per capita in the United States.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: A
142. One of the most distinctive features of the abolitionist movement was its lack of black participants.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: B
143. Most free African Americans supported the successful American Colonization Society.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: B