26. Among the primary reasons that young farm women moved from the farm to work in textile mill towns in the early nineteenth century was to
A. save their families from economic collapse.
B. escape unhappy marriages.
C. pursue career goals.
D. escape farm life and earn wages.
Answer: D
27. Traditional eighteenth-century work habits included all of the following EXCEPT
A. work in or near the home.
B. a barter and mutual obligation system.
C. fixed production work schedules.
D. family apprenticeship system.
Answer: C
28. One would expect an apprentice in a city like Philadelphia in the preindustrial era to be all of the following EXCEPT
A. treated as a part of the family of the master craftsman with whom he lived.
B. at least 12-14 years old.
C. bound to his master for 3-7 years.
D. a wage earner while in training.
Answer: D
29. In the preindustrial urban household
A. women and men alike trained for formal occupations.
B. the father/spouse directed the work of the household.
C. rigid work schedules meant that work took precedence over family and neighborhood activities.
D. sons and daughters were trained as apprentices.
Answer: B
30. In the preindustrialized era, society expected single women to
A. seek assistance from other family members.
B. seek employment outside the household.
C. receive formal vocational training.
D. apprentice themselves informally to learn a skill.
Answer: A
31. Which of the following has the LEAST in common with the other three?
A. lay-offs
B. piecework
C. putting-out system
D. artisan tradition
Answer: D
32. In the shoemaking industry, under the putting-out system and a "rationalized" work environment
A. shoemakers constructed an entire shoe working out of small workshops.
B. several people participated in shoe construction in several stages.
C. skilled craftsmen handled each stage of shoe construction.
D. whole families became involved in shoemaking.
Answer: B
33. Among the consequences of introduction of the putting-out system were all of the following EXCEPT
A. standard wages.
B. workers' loss of independence.
C. a cash economy.
D. higher consumer prices.
Answer: D
34. The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was the result of
A. technological inventions in the textile industry.
B. the potato famine that forced farmers off their land to the cities.
C. appearance of the budding trades in the city.
D. the introduction of steam power.
Answer: A
35. Which of the following has the LEAST in common with the other three?
A. Slater's Mill
B. industrial espionage
C. Moses Brown
D. interchangeable parts
Answer: D
36. Typical of textile mills that developed across New England, the Lowell Mill in Massachusetts employed primarily
A. male textile apprentices.
B. women and children.
C. master craftsmen and their sons.
D. unemployed ship workers.
Answer: B
37. The putting out system and the end of the traditional apprenticeship system that followed had what impact on the master/worker relationship?
A. The relationship between worker and owner improved.
B. Employers devised formal agreements with workers to protect the interests of both.
C. Few changes in the traditional relationship occurred until the late nineteenth century.
D. The employer assumed less responsibility for the workers' welfare.
Answer: D
38. Mechanization eliminated many of women's home occupations but one new possibility in the 1820s was
A. sewing.
B. spinning.
C. weaving
D. clerical work.
Answer: A
39. Which one of the following was NOT an effect of the Market Revolution?
A. spread of the cash economy
B. closer connections between worker and factory owner
C. higher worker turnover
D. more wage dependent workers
Answer: B
40. Under the impact of industrialization, the proportion of wage laborers in the United States had risen from 12 percent in 1800 to this percent in 1860.
A. 25
B. 40
C. 50
D. 75
Answer: B
41. Under the impact of the Market Revolution, opportunities for change in social class were most likely to affect which one of the following?
A. an urban shopkeeper
B. a free black
C. a southern planter
D. a domestic servant
Answer: A
42. The new economic order that the Market Revolution created transformed the attitudes of the new "white collar" workers to include
A. appreciation for working class Americans.
B. autocratic dominance of the household.
C. responsible, hard-working steadiness.
D. high consumption of alcohol.
Answer: C
43. The religion that captured the attention of the new middle class in the early 1800s
A. emphasized an intellectual as opposed to an emotional experience.
B. convinced its converts that original sin doomed all but an elite to damnation.
C. had its greatest impact on young males.
D. incorporated an enthusiastic evangelistic approach to religious practice.
Answer: D
44. In the middle class industrial household, "home" became
A. an extension of the workplace:
B. a haven for leisure and relaxation.
C. the site of numerous female home occupations.
D. a school and church for children.
Answer: B
45. The unsettling demands of the new industrial order forced changes in middle class family life that resulted in
A. a less cooperative relationship between husband and wife in making household decisions.
B. less time for the traditional nurturing role for the wife/mother.
C. few children in the average household.
D. the broadening of the "woman's sphere" beyond the household.
Answer: C
46. In the new industrial era, middle-class mothers assumed all of the following roles EXCEPT
A. moral guardian of the family.
B. breadwinner.
C. grooming advantageous social contacts.
D. childrearing and nurturing.
Answer: B
47. Which one of the following was NOT part of the new middle class attitude?
A. a feeling of responsibility and sobriety
B. a religious feeling of individualism and self-discipline
C. belief that success comes from hard work and steadiness
D. identification with the spontaneity of the working class
Answer: D
48. Which one of the following has the LEAST to do with the religious revival of the 1820s?
A. Charles G. Finney
B. evangelism
C. The Erie Canal
D. original sin
Answer: D
49. What was the significance of Sarah Josepha Hale and Catherine Beecher to the new middle class?
A. They wrote the most popular women's novels of the day.
B. They provided household management guides for women.
C. They spread the religious revival to businessmen.
D. They championed family size limitations through birth control.
Answer: B
50. The drastic fall in birth rate during the nineteenth century went from an average of seven children per woman in 1800 to what number by 1900?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
Answer: B
133. The putting-out system was a departure from pre-industrial methods of manufacturing in that workers assembled finished products in factories rather than at home.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: B
134. The practice of mill owners hiring entire families was not unusual to farm and artisan families in the early Industrial Revolution.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: A
135. Despite the limited public role that women assumed in American society in the early nineteenth century, they were among the first to lead protests and strikes against poor working conditions.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: A
136. Under the impact of the Market Revolution, Americans increasingly lost hope that they could move from one social class to another.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: B
137. The new relationship of compassionate marriage required more husband-wife cooperation than the old preindustrial patriarchal family.
A. True
B. False
C. 
D. 
Answer: A