The first state to secede from the Union was    	2	Alabama.   	South Carolina.   	Virginia.   	North Carolina.   	Mississippi.   	
President Buchanan believed that    	3	no state had the constitutional right to secede from the Union.   	the federal government had no authority to stop a state from seceding from the Union.  	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The Confederacy was formed    	1	before Lincoln was inaugurated.   	when all the states had seceded.   	with President Buchanan's blessing.   	in Washington, D.C.   	in accordance with the requirements of the Crittenden Compromise.   	
The Crittenden Compromise    	1	called for amending the Constitution.   	proposed a vote in each state on the matter of continuing slavery.   	was generally supported by Republicans.   	required the abandonment of the Missouri Compromise.   	was proposed by a coalition of Northerners and Southerners.   	
In his inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln    	3	offered to withdraw federal troops from Fort Sumter as a concession to the South.  	suggested mediation by Great Britain.   	declared that the Union was older than the Constitution.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
President Lincoln's handling of the Fort Sumter crisis included a decision to send   	1	supplies to the beleaguered fort.   	troops to the beleaguered fort.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Following the surrender of Fort Sumter,    	2	no more slave states left the Union.   	some slave states decided to remain in the Union.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Which military advantage did NOT lie with the North?    	3	Its population was much larger.   	Its transportation system was better.   	It was united in its commitment to the war.   	Its industrial base was stronger.   	   	
The Morrill Act dealt with    	2	tariffs.   	education.   	banks.   	voting rights.   	railroads.   	
To complete the transcontinental railroad, the federal government supplied    	3	free public land.   	generous loans.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The North sought to finance the Civil War by    	4	printing money.   	levying taxes.   	issuing bonds.   	all of the above   	only a and b   	
Which statement concerning the economy and economic policy of the North is the LEAST accurate?   	3	For the first time the federal government levied an income tax.   	Inflation was a serious problem.   	The war was financed primarily by printing money.   	A new national banking system was put in place.   	The federal government issued currency not backed by gold or silver.   	
When it came to raising an army at the start of the war, President Lincoln    	1	knew that most of the fighting would have to be done by state militia volunteers.  	was already commander in chief of a large army that had to be made even larger still.  	could call on his experience as a political and military leader in Illinois.  	turned almost instantly to a military draft.   	none of the above   	
The draft law passed by the North    	5	drew much grumbling, but little significant opposition.   	discouraged voluntary enlistments.   	procured only a small percentage of those who ultimately fought in the war.  	made it quite difficult to escape military service.   	none of the above   	
As president, Lincoln    	4	asked for a declaration of war.   	increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress.   	proclaimed a naval blockade of the South.   	only b and c   	only a and c   	
The term "Copperheads" referred to    	4	new federal coins.   	Lincoln's cabinet.   	incompetent military commanders.   	Peace Democrats.   	Southerners loyal to the North.   	
In the election of 1864    	2	Lincoln ran for reelection as a Republican.   	the Democrats nominated a military man.   	Lincoln was narrowly reelected.   	the Democrats were aided by Union defeats.   	the Democratic candidate called for a truce in the war.   	
Who among the following was the LEAST radical on the slave issue early in the war?   	3	Charles Sumner   	Thad Stevens   	Abraham Lincoln   	Ben Wade   	   	
The Confiscation Act of 1861    	4	was passed by the new Confederate government.   	was the enabling legislation for the military draft.   	took foreign-owned properties.   	could be described as antislavery.   	abolished slavery in Washington, D.C.   	
As the Civil War progressed, the Radical Republicans    	1	gained political strength.   	lost political power.   	force they had always been.   	   	   	
The Emancipation Proclamation    	5	followed a Union military defeat.   	freed all slaves.   	was passed by Congress.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
The Emancipation Proclamation    	3	applied only to slaves over which the federal government had no direct control.  	made it clear that the war would be fought to end slavery for good.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
By the end of the Civil War some states    	3	loyal to the Union had freed their slaves.   	of the Confederacy had freed their slaves.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
During the Civil War, Northern industrial workers    	3	rejected unions as damaging to the war effort.   	at least did not have to face competition from foreign labor, because immigration had virtually ceased.  	saw their purchasing power decline because of inflation.   	fled to Canada and the western territories in increasing numbers.   	organized antiblack societies at an alarming rate.   	
The United States Sanitary Commission    	2	was organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.   	helped turn nursing into a female profession.   	was welcomed by male doctors.   	went against the stereotype of women as maternal and caring.   	was organized to clean and restore battlefields.   	
The government of the Confederacy was    	2	organized in Richmond, Virginia, and remained there.   	organized in Montgomery and moved to Richmond.   	organized in Richmond and moved to Montgomery.   	organized in Montgomery and remained there.   	   	
The Union and the Confederacy were similar in    	5	their political systems.   	that they both drafted soldiers.   	the methods each used to finance their war.   	both a and b   	all of the first three   	
The Confederate constitution explicitly sanctioned    	4	state sovereignty.   	slavery.   	secession.   	both a and b   	both b and c   	
Jefferson Davis    	3	was initially elected president of the Confederacy by a popular vote.   	had been a strong proponent of secession before the war.   	did not have opposition for the presidency of the Confederacy.   	represented the old Southern aristocracy of the East Coast.   	was able to provide strong leadership in a losing cause.   	
Which statement comparing Lincoln and Davis is the MOST accurate?    	2	Presidents Lincoln and Davis both carefully observed their respective constitutions.  	Neither president carefully observed his constitution.   	Davis was more careful than Lincoln in observing his constitution.   	Lincoln was more careful than Davis in observing his constitution.   	   	
Which statement about the South and the Confederacy is the MOST accurate?    	1	Most white Southerners supported the Confederacy and the war.   	Formal political parties briefly took root during the brief history of the Confederacy.  	Poorer "upcountry" whites were just as likely as other Southern whites to support the war.  	President Davis reconstituted the Whig Party during the war.   	Jefferson Davis was able to complete his first presidential term before the war ended.  	
The Confederacy financed its war effort mainly by    	2	selling bonds.   	printing money.   	foreign loans.   	requisitioning money from the states.   	an income tax.   	
Which statement about the finances of the Confederacy is the MOST accurate?    	3	By using cotton as collateral, the Confederacy was able to borrow large sums of money from European countries.  	The Confederacy refused to challenge individual states by turning to an income tax.  	To finance the war, the Confederacy first tried to requisition money from the states.  	Inflation was a significant problem in the South, but it was a greater problem in the North.  	The Confederacy did have serious financial problems, but the lack of a uniform currency was not one of them.  	
Which statement about Confederate conscription is the LEAST accurate?    	1	To win the war rapidly, the Confederacy moved to draft soldiers almost immediately.  	Like their Northern counterparts, Southerners could avoid the draft by hiring a substitute.  	Poor whites were angry enough about their plight to protest Confederate draft policies.  	Owners of a set number of slaves could be exempt from the draft.   	The Confederacy called for the drafting of slaves.   	
The greatest division within the South over the war concerned    	2	class differences.   	states' rights issues.   	tax policies.   	racial tensions.   	draft policies.   	
The Confederate government    	4	had a bureaucracy larger than that of the North.   	seized control of the railroads.   	limited corporate profits.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
The wartime South saw all of the following EXCEPT    	4	major food riots led by women.   	large public demonstrations against conscription.   	significant slave revolts.   	both a and b   	both b and c   	
The most important Union military commander was    	3	George McClellan.   	Ulysses S. Grant.   	Abraham Lincoln.   	Winfield Scott.   	William Tecumseh Sherman.   	
President Lincoln understood that the proper objective of the Union armies was to   	3	occupy Southern territory.   	protect Washington, D.C.   	destroy Southern armies.   	control Southern ports.   	divide the South between East and West.   	
Ulysses S. Grant    	1	shared Lincoln's general strategic objectives.   	replaced Winfield Scott as Lincoln's military chief of staff.   	kept Lincoln in the dark when it came to carrying out strategy.   	was largely a tool of Congress.   	was kept on a tight rein by Lincoln.   	
The congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War    	3	harbored barely concealed sympathy for slavery.   	was called into being by Lincoln.   	seriously interfered with the carrying out of the war.   	called for the impeachment of Lincoln.   	was critical of Lincoln, but not critical of his generals.   	
Unlike Lincoln, Jefferson Davis    	3	was a trained professional soldier.   	failed to create an effective central command system.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
At lower levels of military command    	2	Northern and Southern soldiers were remarkably different.   	amateur officers played significant roles.   	officers often operated on their own.   	rates of desertion were alarmingly high.   	none of the above   	
When it came to naval warfare    	2	the Union blockade of the South was fully effective.   	the South had no significant navy of its own.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Which statement about Confederate diplomacy is the LEAST accurate?    	1	Neither England nor France extended formal diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.  	Both England and France extended formal diplomatic recognition.   	England, but not France, extended formal diplomatic recognition.   	France, but not England, extended formal diplomatic recognition.   	   	
The role of "King Cotton" in the Civil War    	5	was quite effective.   	led unemployed English textile workers to support the Confederacy.   	hampered cotton supplies from Egypt and India.   	represented a last-minute effort of the South.   	none of the above   	
The Trent affair    	3	saw the capture of Union diplomats.   	pleased Lincoln.   	saw a Union commander act on his own.   	led England to extend diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.   	made up for the Alabama claims.   	
The First Battle of Manassas    	2	was a victory for the North.   	was a victory for the South.   	ended in a stalemate.   	did not dispel the illusion that the war would soon be over.   	both b and d   	
Which state was admitted to the Union during the Civil War?    	4	Iowa   	Minnesota   	Wisconsin   	West Virginia   	Kansas   	
The first decisive military operations of 1862 took place    	1	in the West.   	on the Gulf Coast.   	around Washington, D.C.   	along the East Coast.   	in the North.   	
General McClellan    	1	was a superb trainer of men.   	a fine field commander.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The Peninsular campaign    	5	saw McClellan capture Richmond.   	saw Confederate troops briefly invade Washington, D.C.   	led directly to McClellan's dismissal.   	represented Grant's first appearance in the war in the East.   	saw Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee be successful.   	
Which statement about the Battle of Antietam is NOT true?    	2	It was the bloodiest engagement of the war.   	Technically, it was a Confederate victory.   	The North lost an opportunity to destroy much of the Confederacy.   	It led Lincoln to remove and then reinstate McClellan.   	   	
Who died in the Battle of Chancellorsville?    	4	Lee   	Hooker   	Burnside   	Jackson   	none of the above   	
The Battle of Vicksburg    	4	saw Grant victorious.   	split the Confederacy in two.   	led England to increase support for the Confederacy.   	both a and b   	both a and c   	
Which two major battles occurred at about the same time?    	3	Vicksburg and Antietam   	Antietam and Chickamauga   	Gettysburg and Vicksburg   	Chickamauga and Gettysburg   	Antietam and Gettysburg   	
Lee engaged Grant    	2	at Gettysburg.   	in the Wilderness campaign.   	at Chickamauga.   	at Vicksburg.   	none of the above   	
General Sherman's "March to the Sea"    	5	represented a violation of his "war is hell" statement.   	left the civilian population alone.   	saw him face more resistance than Grant had to face to his north.   	never actually made it to the Atlantic Ocean.   	none of the above   	
Which Confederate city did Lincoln visit at the end of the war?    	2	Atlanta   	Richmond   	Nashville   	New Orleans   	Norfolk   	
Appomattox    	4	was made possible by President Davis's acceptance of defeat.   	took place before Lincoln was assassinated.   	was arranged by Lee.   	both b and c   	both a and c   	
The Confederacy was organized before Lincoln was inaugurated.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
President Buchanan did not believe that a state had the legal right to secede from the Union.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Crittenden Compromise was essentially acceptable to Lincoln and the Republicans.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
No additional states seceded from the Union once the war had begun.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The material advantages of the North were obvious right from the start of the war.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The South was committed to fighting a defensive war.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Opinion about the war was more divided in the North than in the South.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The North financed the Civil War primarily by borrowing money.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The military draft in the North brought more men into the army by spurring voluntary enlistments than by actually conscripting soldiers.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Lincoln dared to fight the Civil War without a formal declaration of war, but he did not dare suspend habeas corpus.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Despite being a Democrat, Andrew Johnson was selected to run with Lincoln in 1864.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
At the start of the Civil War, Lincoln was closer to the Conservative Republicans than to the Radical Republicans.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Emancipation Proclamation was first an executive order before it became an act of Congress.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to all of the slave states.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
It was the Civil War that transformed the North from an agrarian into an industrial society.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Because labor was in such demand, wages rose faster than prices for Northern industrial workers.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Civil War helped transform nursing into a female profession, but these nurses encountered considerable resistance from male doctors.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The National Woman's Loyal League worked simultaneously for the abolition of slavery and for the vote for women.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Confederate constitution was almost identical to the Constitution of the United States.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Confederate constitution explicitly acknowledged the sovereignty of the individual states and the right of secession.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Jefferson Davis was popularly elected to be the president of the Confederacy.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Confederacy financed the Civil War primarily by printing paper money.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Feelings of states' rights were so strong in the Confederacy that it was impossible to pass an income tax to be collected by the Confederate government.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In both the North and the South draftees could avoid military service if they hired substitutes.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
By the end of the Civil War the Confederate bureaucracy was larger than its counterpart in Washington.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Almost all of the fighting during the Civil War took place within the boundaries of the Confederacy.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Confederate leaders were more terrified of slave revolts during the war than they had been in peacetime.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Lincoln understood that the proper objective of his armies was the occupation of Confederate territory.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Congress realized that Lincoln was commander in chief and gave him a fairly free hand in conducting the war as he saw fit.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Jefferson Davis, unlike Lincoln, was a trained professional soldier.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The North had such an overwhelming advantage in naval power that its blockade of the South was completely effective.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In the early part of the Civil War, the sympathies of the ruling classes in France and England lay with the South.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
"King Cotton diplomacy" worked to the extent that England extended diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The First Battle of Bull Run dealt a severe blow to Union morale and dispelled the illusion that the war would be a short one.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In the early part of the war Ulysses S. Grant concentrated on the western theater.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Both Antietam and Shiloh could be described as Union victories.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
General McClellan was a great trainer of soldiers, but he was reluctant to commit those soldiers to battle.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
After the Battle of Gettysburg the weakened Confederate armies were never again able to threaten Northern territory at all seriously.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Ulysses S. Grant was both a subtle strategist and one who was willing to absorb great casualties in pursuit of ultimate victory.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
When General Sherman uttered his famous line, "War is hell," he was expressing his personal opinion that war is to terrible that it must at virtually all costs be avoided.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Richmond was captured by Union forces before Lee's surrender at Appomattox.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis were essentially agreed that the Confederacy must surrender at Appomattox.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE