The first state to secede from the Union was    	2	Alabama.   	South Carolina.   	Virginia.   	North Carolina.   	Mississippi.   	
President Buchanan believed that    	3	no state had the constitutional right to secede from the Union.   	the federal government had no authority to stop a state from seceding from the Union.  	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The Confederacy was formed    	1	before Lincoln was inaugurated.   	when all the states had seceded.   	with President Buchanan's blessing.   	in Washington, D.C.   	in accordance with the requirements of the Crittenden Compromise.   	
The Crittenden Compromise    	1	called for amending the Constitution.   	proposed a vote in each state on the matter of continuing slavery.   	was generally supported by Republicans.   	required the abandonment of the Missouri Compromise.   	was proposed by a coalition of Northerners and Southerners.   	
In his inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln    	3	offered to withdraw federal troops from Fort Sumter as a concession to the South.  	suggested mediation by Great Britain.   	declared that the Union was older than the Constitution.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
President Lincoln's handling of the Fort Sumter crisis included a decision to send   	1	supplies to the beleaguered fort.   	troops to the beleaguered fort.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Following the surrender of Fort Sumter,    	2	no more slave states left the Union.   	some slave states decided to remain in the Union.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Which military advantage did NOT lie with the North?    	3	Its population was much larger.   	Its transportation system was better.   	It was united in its commitment to the war.   	Its industrial base was stronger.   	   	
The Morrill Act dealt with    	2	tariffs.   	education.   	banks.   	voting rights.   	railroads.   	
To complete the transcontinental railroad, the federal government supplied    	3	free public land.   	generous loans.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The North sought to finance the Civil War by    	4	printing money.   	levying taxes.   	issuing bonds.   	all of the above   	only a and b   	
Which statement concerning the economy and economic policy of the North is the LEAST accurate?   	3	For the first time the federal government levied an income tax.   	Inflation was a serious problem.   	The war was financed primarily by printing money.   	A new national banking system was put in place.   	The federal government issued currency not backed by gold or silver.   	
When it came to raising an army at the start of the war, President Lincoln    	1	knew that most of the fighting would have to be done by state militia volunteers.  	was already commander in chief of a large army that had to be made even larger still.  	could call on his experience as a political and military leader in Illinois.  	turned almost instantly to a military draft.   	none of the above   	
The draft law passed by the North    	5	drew much grumbling, but little significant opposition.   	discouraged voluntary enlistments.   	procured only a small percentage of those who ultimately fought in the war.  	made it quite difficult to escape military service.   	none of the above   	
As president, Lincoln    	4	asked for a declaration of war.   	increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress.   	proclaimed a naval blockade of the South.   	only b and c   	only a and c   	
The term "Copperheads" referred to    	4	new federal coins.   	Lincoln's cabinet.   	incompetent military commanders.   	Peace Democrats.   	Southerners loyal to the North.   	
In the election of 1864    	2	Lincoln ran for reelection as a Republican.   	the Democrats nominated a military man.   	Lincoln was narrowly reelected.   	the Democrats were aided by Union defeats.   	the Democratic candidate called for a truce in the war.   	
Who among the following was the LEAST radical on the slave issue early in the war?   	3	Charles Sumner   	Thad Stevens   	Abraham Lincoln   	Ben Wade   	   	
The Confiscation Act of 1861    	4	was passed by the new Confederate government.   	was the enabling legislation for the military draft.   	took foreign-owned properties.   	could be described as antislavery.   	abolished slavery in Washington, D.C.   	
As the Civil War progressed, the Radical Republicans    	1	gained political strength.   	lost political power.   	force they had always been.   	   	   	
The Emancipation Proclamation    	5	followed a Union military defeat.   	freed all slaves.   	was passed by Congress.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
The Emancipation Proclamation    	3	applied only to slaves over which the federal government had no direct control.  	made it clear that the war would be fought to end slavery for good.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
By the end of the Civil War some states    	3	loyal to the Union had freed their slaves.   	of the Confederacy had freed their slaves.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
During the Civil War, Northern industrial workers    	3	rejected unions as damaging to the war effort.   	at least did not have to face competition from foreign labor, because immigration had virtually ceased.  	saw their purchasing power decline because of inflation.   	fled to Canada and the western territories in increasing numbers.   	organized antiblack societies at an alarming rate.   	
The United States Sanitary Commission    	2	was organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.   	helped turn nursing into a female profession.   	was welcomed by male doctors.   	went against the stereotype of women as maternal and caring.   	was organized to clean and restore battlefields.   	
The government of the Confederacy was    	2	organized in Richmond, Virginia, and remained there.   	organized in Montgomery and moved to Richmond.   	organized in Richmond and moved to Montgomery.   	organized in Montgomery and remained there.   	   	
The Union and the Confederacy were similar in    	5	their political systems.   	that they both drafted soldiers.   	the methods each used to finance their war.   	both a and b   	all of the first three   	
The Confederate constitution explicitly sanctioned    	4	state sovereignty.   	slavery.   	secession.   	both a and b   	both b and c   	
Jefferson Davis    	3	was initially elected president of the Confederacy by a popular vote.   	had been a strong proponent of secession before the war.   	did not have opposition for the presidency of the Confederacy.   	represented the old Southern aristocracy of the East Coast.   	was able to provide strong leadership in a losing cause.   	
Which statement comparing Lincoln and Davis is the MOST accurate?    	2	Presidents Lincoln and Davis both carefully observed their respective constitutions.  	Neither president carefully observed his constitution.   	Davis was more careful than Lincoln in observing his constitution.   	Lincoln was more careful than Davis in observing his constitution.   	   	
Which statement about the South and the Confederacy is the MOST accurate?    	1	Most white Southerners supported the Confederacy and the war.   	Formal political parties briefly took root during the brief history of the Confederacy.  	Poorer "upcountry" whites were just as likely as other Southern whites to support the war.  	President Davis reconstituted the Whig Party during the war.   	Jefferson Davis was able to complete his first presidential term before the war ended.  	
The Confederacy financed its war effort mainly by    	2	selling bonds.   	printing money.   	foreign loans.   	requisitioning money from the states.   	an income tax.   	
Which statement about the finances of the Confederacy is the MOST accurate?    	3	By using cotton as collateral, the Confederacy was able to borrow large sums of money from European countries.  	The Confederacy refused to challenge individual states by turning to an income tax.  	To finance the war, the Confederacy first tried to requisition money from the states.  	Inflation was a significant problem in the South, but it was a greater problem in the North.  	The Confederacy did have serious financial problems, but the lack of a uniform currency was not one of them.  	
Which statement about Confederate conscription is the LEAST accurate?    	1	To win the war rapidly, the Confederacy moved to draft soldiers almost immediately.  	Like their Northern counterparts, Southerners could avoid the draft by hiring a substitute.  	Poor whites were angry enough about their plight to protest Confederate draft policies.  	Owners of a set number of slaves could be exempt from the draft.   	The Confederacy called for the drafting of slaves.   	
The greatest division within the South over the war concerned    	2	class differences.   	states' rights issues.   	tax policies.   	racial tensions.   	draft policies.   	
The Confederate government    	4	had a bureaucracy larger than that of the North.   	seized control of the railroads.   	limited corporate profits.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
The wartime South saw all of the following EXCEPT    	4	major food riots led by women.   	large public demonstrations against conscription.   	significant slave revolts.   	both a and b   	both b and c   	
The most important Union military commander was    	3	George McClellan.   	Ulysses S. Grant.   	Abraham Lincoln.   	Winfield Scott.   	William Tecumseh Sherman.   	
President Lincoln understood that the proper objective of the Union armies was to   	3	occupy Southern territory.   	protect Washington, D.C.   	destroy Southern armies.   	control Southern ports.   	divide the South between East and West.   	
Ulysses S. Grant    	1	shared Lincoln's general strategic objectives.   	replaced Winfield Scott as Lincoln's military chief of staff.   	kept Lincoln in the dark when it came to carrying out strategy.   	was largely a tool of Congress.   	was kept on a tight rein by Lincoln.   	
The congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War    	3	harbored barely concealed sympathy for slavery.   	was called into being by Lincoln.   	seriously interfered with the carrying out of the war.   	called for the impeachment of Lincoln.   	was critical of Lincoln, but not critical of his generals.   	
Unlike Lincoln, Jefferson Davis    	3	was a trained professional soldier.   	failed to create an effective central command system.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
At lower levels of military command    	2	Northern and Southern soldiers were remarkably different.   	amateur officers played significant roles.   	officers often operated on their own.   	rates of desertion were alarmingly high.   	none of the above   	
When it came to naval warfare    	2	the Union blockade of the South was fully effective.   	the South had no significant navy of its own.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Which statement about Confederate diplomacy is the LEAST accurate?    	1	Neither England nor France extended formal diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.  	Both England and France extended formal diplomatic recognition.   	England, but not France, extended formal diplomatic recognition.   	France, but not England, extended formal diplomatic recognition.   	   	
The role of "King Cotton" in the Civil War    	5	was quite effective.   	led unemployed English textile workers to support the Confederacy.   	hampered cotton supplies from Egypt and India.   	represented a last-minute effort of the South.   	none of the above   	
The Trent affair    	3	saw the capture of Union diplomats.   	pleased Lincoln.   	saw a Union commander act on his own.   	led England to extend diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.   	made up for the Alabama claims.   	
The First Battle of Manassas    	2	was a victory for the North.   	was a victory for the South.   	ended in a stalemate.   	did not dispel the illusion that the war would soon be over.   	both b and d   	
Which state was admitted to the Union during the Civil War?    	4	Iowa   	Minnesota   	Wisconsin   	West Virginia   	Kansas   	
The first decisive military operations of 1862 took place    	1	in the West.   	on the Gulf Coast.   	around Washington, D.C.   	along the East Coast.   	in the North.   	
General McClellan    	1	was a superb trainer of men.   	a fine field commander.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The Peninsular campaign    	5	saw McClellan capture Richmond.   	saw Confederate troops briefly invade Washington, D.C.   	led directly to McClellan's dismissal.   	represented Grant's first appearance in the war in the East.   	saw Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee be successful.   	
Which statement about the Battle of Antietam is NOT true?    	2	It was the bloodiest engagement of the war.   	Technically, it was a Confederate victory.   	The North lost an opportunity to destroy much of the Confederacy.   	It led Lincoln to remove and then reinstate McClellan.   	   	
Who died in the Battle of Chancellorsville?    	4	Lee   	Hooker   	Burnside   	Jackson   	none of the above   	
The Battle of Vicksburg    	4	saw Grant victorious.   	split the Confederacy in two.   	led England to increase support for the Confederacy.   	both a and b   	both a and c   	
Which two major battles occurred at about the same time?    	3	Vicksburg and Antietam   	Antietam and Chickamauga   	Gettysburg and Vicksburg   	Chickamauga and Gettysburg   	Antietam and Gettysburg   	
Lee engaged Grant    	2	at Gettysburg.   	in the Wilderness campaign.   	at Chickamauga.   	at Vicksburg.   	none of the above   	
General Sherman's "March to the Sea"    	5	represented a violation of his "war is hell" statement.   	left the civilian population alone.   	saw him face more resistance than Grant had to face to his north.   	never actually made it to the Atlantic Ocean.   	none of the above   	
Which Confederate city did Lincoln visit at the end of the war?    	2	Atlanta   	Richmond   	Nashville   	New Orleans   	Norfolk   	
Appomattox    	4	was made possible by President Davis's acceptance of defeat.   	took place before Lincoln was assassinated.   	was arranged by Lee.   	both b and c   	both a and c   	
The Confederacy was organized before Lincoln was inaugurated.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
President Buchanan did not believe that a state had the legal right to secede from the Union.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Crittenden Compromise was essentially acceptable to Lincoln and the Republicans.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
No additional states seceded from the Union once the war had begun.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The material advantages of the North were obvious right from the start of the war.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The South was committed to fighting a defensive war.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Opinion about the war was more divided in the North than in the South.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The North financed the Civil War primarily by borrowing money.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The military draft in the North brought more men into the army by spurring voluntary enlistments than by actually conscripting soldiers.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Lincoln dared to fight the Civil War without a formal declaration of war, but he did not dare suspend habeas corpus.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Despite being a Democrat, Andrew Johnson was selected to run with Lincoln in 1864.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
At the start of the Civil War, Lincoln was closer to the Conservative Republicans than to the Radical Republicans.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Emancipation Proclamation was first an executive order before it became an act of Congress.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to all of the slave states.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
It was the Civil War that transformed the North from an agrarian into an industrial society.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Because labor was in such demand, wages rose faster than prices for Northern industrial workers.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Civil War helped transform nursing into a female profession, but these nurses encountered considerable resistance from male doctors.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The National Woman's Loyal League worked simultaneously for the abolition of slavery and for the vote for women.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Confederate constitution was almost identical to the Constitution of the United States.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Confederate constitution explicitly acknowledged the sovereignty of the individual states and the right of secession.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Jefferson Davis was popularly elected to be the president of the Confederacy.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Confederacy financed the Civil War primarily by printing paper money.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Feelings of states' rights were so strong in the Confederacy that it was impossible to pass an income tax to be collected by the Confederate government.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In both the North and the South draftees could avoid military service if they hired substitutes.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
By the end of the Civil War the Confederate bureaucracy was larger than its counterpart in Washington.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Almost all of the fighting during the Civil War took place within the boundaries of the Confederacy.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Confederate leaders were more terrified of slave revolts during the war than they had been in peacetime.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Lincoln understood that the proper objective of his armies was the occupation of Confederate territory.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Congress realized that Lincoln was commander in chief and gave him a fairly free hand in conducting the war as he saw fit.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Jefferson Davis, unlike Lincoln, was a trained professional soldier.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The North had such an overwhelming advantage in naval power that its blockade of the South was completely effective.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In the early part of the Civil War, the sympathies of the ruling classes in France and England lay with the South.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
"King Cotton diplomacy" worked to the extent that England extended diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The First Battle of Bull Run dealt a severe blow to Union morale and dispelled the illusion that the war would be a short one.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In the early part of the war Ulysses S. Grant concentrated on the western theater.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Both Antietam and Shiloh could be described as Union victories.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
General McClellan was a great trainer of soldiers, but he was reluctant to commit those soldiers to battle.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
After the Battle of Gettysburg the weakened Confederate armies were never again able to threaten Northern territory at all seriously.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Ulysses S. Grant was both a subtle strategist and one who was willing to absorb great casualties in pursuit of ultimate victory.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
When General Sherman uttered his famous line, "War is hell," he was expressing his personal opinion that war is to terrible that it must at virtually all costs be avoided.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Richmond was captured by Union forces before Lee's surrender at Appomattox.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis were essentially agreed that the Confederacy must surrender at Appomattox.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
To most African Americans, Reconstruction was    	5	a vicious tyranny.   	a thoroughgoing reform.   	an exercise in irrelevance.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
In the final days of the Civil War, President Lincoln    	1	continued to insist that the Confederacy was illegal.   	thought it best to readmit the Confederate states as if nothing had happened.  	faced a tough battle for reelection.   	met informally with Jefferson Davis to plan for the reintegration of the Confederate states into the Union.  	set out to negotiate a peace treaty with the Confederacy.   	
Which statement best describes the behavior of most African Americans in the South at the end of the Civil War?   	2	They expected immediate freedom, but were prepared to wait for full political and civil rights.  	They withdrew from predominantly white institutions.   	They engaged in orgies of violence and destruction.   	They moved north in large numbers.   	They presumed that the federal government was not their ally.   	
The Freedmen's Bureau    	1	was an agency of the United States Army.   	offered a permanent solution to the problems facing the ex-slave.   	was created by President Lincoln.   	was put in place to oversee the end of Reconstruction.   	sought to guarantee African Americans the right to vote.   	
Which statement about planning for Reconstruction is the MOST accurate?    	2	Republicans had more to gain than Democrats from the readmission of the former states of the Confederacy.  	The Republicans were divided when it came to the issue of readmission.   	The issue of readmission was made more difficult because each major party controlled one house of Congress.  	Lincoln was most sympathetic to the ideas of the Charles Sumners of his own party.  	none of the above   	
Abraham Lincoln    	3	favored a Reconstruction policy that would be generally harsh on the white South.  	waited until the end of the war to reveal his plans for Reconstruction.   	wanted to ground his Reconstruction policy in an appeal to former Whigs in the South.  	proposed that land belonging to white Southerners be confiscated and distributed to the former slaves.  	did not endorse black suffrage.   	
Lincoln's 10 percent plan referred to    	5	how much land should be confiscated from white Southerners.   	how many blacks should be made eligible to vote.   	how many whites needed to take loyalty oaths.   	how many federal troops should remain in the South.   	the ratio between federal money for education and federal money for relief.  	
The Wade-Davis Bill    	2	essentially followed Lincoln's plans for Reconstruction.   	called for the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates.   	was passed over Lincoln's veto.   	angered Radical Republicans.   	none of the above   	
The story of Lincoln's assassination    	1	also involved the wounding of William Henry Seward.   	saw John Wilkes Booth stand trial.   	helped ensure an easy peace.   	brought to power his Republican vice president.   	might have been exploited by Radical Republicans had they not hated him so.  	
Andrew Johnson    	4	was a Democrat.   	was a Southerner.   	did not support the Thirteenth Amendment.   	only a and b   	all of the first three   	
The Black Codes were    	5	designed largely by African Americans.   	passed into law by Congress.   	an essential part of Lincoln's Reconstruction plans.   	carried out by the Freedmen's Bureau.   	none of the above   	
The Civil Rights Act of 1866    	4	was passed over President Johnson's veto.   	declared blacks to be American citizens.   	placed the federal government in a powerful position in relation to the states.  	all of the above   	none of the above   	
The Fourteenth Amendment    	1	declared that everyone born in the United States is a citizen of the United States.  	pardoned leading Confederates.   	led to the readmission of most states of the defunct confederacy.   	was passed over President Johnson's veto.   	   	
Congressional plans for Reconstruction    	3	did not include black suffrage.   	drew President Johnson's reluctant support.   	deployed the military in the defeated South.   	included the granting of a piece of land to each black head of household.   	would have permanently eliminated existing states.   	
The Tenure of Office Act    	5	was consistent with the wishes of President Johnson.   	followed the unsuccessful impeachment of President Johnson.   	was consistent with provisions of the Constitution of 1787.   	gave the Senate the power to appoint members of the president's cabinet.   	was designed to preserve the job of War secretary Stanton.   	
Ex parte Milligan    	2	pleased Radical Republicans.   	reduced the power of military tribunals.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The impeachment of President Johnson was triggered by    	3	his veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866.   	his disbanding of the Freedmen's Bureau.   	his dismissal of War secretary Stanton.   	his opposition to the Fourteenth Amendment.   	his pardoning of important Confederates.   	
President Johnson was    	1	impeached, but not convicted.   	impeached and convicted.   	neither impeached nor convicted.   	convicted, but not impeached.   	   	
"Scalawags" tended to be    	5	Northerners who moved South.   	ex-Democrats.   	former slaveowners.   	unemployed blacks.   	in favor of modernizing the South.   	
"Carpetbaggers"    	5	were Northerners who moved south.   	were primarily white.   	included Union army veterans.   	only a and b   	all of the first three   	
Most of those who were post-Civil War Southern Republicans were    	3	scalawags.   	carpetbaggers.   	black freedmen.   	former Confederates.   	ex-Whigs.   	
Which statement about black officeholding during Reconstruction is the LEAST accurate?   	3	No black was elected governor of a former Confederate state.   	Blacks were elected to the United States House and Senate.   	Blacks controlled more than one state legislature.   	The percentage of black officeholders was always lower than the percentage of blacks in the general population of any given state.  	   	
Perhaps the most important accomplishment of state governments during Reconstruction was the improvement in Southern   	2	transportation.   	education.   	agriculture.   	banking.   	industry.   	
The most ambitious goal of the Freedmen's Bureau was to reform Southern    	3	health care.   	education.   	landownership.   	transportation.   	politics.   	
Which statement concerning the ownership of land in the South during Reconstruction is the MOST accurate?   	3	The percentage of white landowners remained fairly constant.   	Congress was determined to carry out basic land reform by providing federal land to the ex-slave.  	Most blacks working in agriculture became sharecroppers.   	The percentage of blacks who owned their own land did not go up significantly.  	None of the above is at all accurate.   	
Black sharecropping    	4	represented a continuation of the pre-Civil War gang system.   	included a commitment from the white landowner to provide at least minimal food and housing.  	was not as prevalent as black landholding.   	gave blacks at least a measure of physical independence from white landowners.  	none of the above   	
During Reconstruction    	3	the black share of profits from agriculture was rising.   	the total profit derived from Southern agriculture was declining.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
During Reconstruction, the black labor force    	2	worked nearly as many hours per week as they had under slavery.   	worked significantly fewer hours per week than had been the case under slavery.  	worked significantly longer hours than had been the case under slavery.   	avoided work at all costs.   	   	
The crop-lien system    	4	provided black agricultural workers with a way to get out of debt.   	provided black agricultural workers with a way eventually to own land.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The crop-lien system    	5	led to a greater dependence on cotton.   	exhausted the soil.   	broke up the black family.   	was abolished by the Grant administration.   	both a and b   	
Which statement about family life in the South during Reconstruction is the MOST accurate?   	1	Roles within the black family quickly came to resemble those within the white family.  	Roles within the black family quickly departed from those that typified the white family.  	Black family roles remained persistently different from white family roles.  	Black family roles consistently resembled white family roles.   	   	
The presidency of Ulysses S. Grant    	5	introduced the civil service system.   	was promoted by "Liberal Republicans."   	lasted only a single term because of extensive corruption.   	was led by an inexperienced political leader who knew how to select politically experienced advisers.  	none of the above   	
The scandals of the Grant years    	5	led to his resignation.   	caused his defeat for reelection.   	were confined to corruption involving the railroads.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
Which statement about the greenback question is the LEAST accurate?    	2	Grant favored money based on gold reserves.   	The Supreme Court ruled that greenbacks were not legal tender.   	The Greenback Party did not have much political success.   	The Specie Resumption Act was more satisfying to creditors than to debtors.  	At times Congress and Grant were at odds over this issue.   	
Secretary of State William Henry Seward engineered the purchase of    	1	Alaska.   	Hawaii.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The Alabama claims    	1	involved the United States and England.   	paid the Civil War debts of the state of Alabama.   	ended an experiment in black landownership.   	were carried out by the Freemen's Bureau.   	none of the above   	
Which statement about the "redeemed" governments of the South is the LEAST accurate?   	1	They managed to put the clamps on the Ku Klux Klan.   	They had to accept the Fifteenth Amendment.   	Blacks grew less significant as a political force.   	They added to the clout of the carpetbaggers.   	They gave the Republican Party more power nationally.   	
Support for Reconstruction was undermined by    	5	Liberal Republicans.   	Democrats.   	the Panic of 1873.   	only b and c   	all of the first three   	
The Compromise of 1877    	2	followed Grant's run for a third term as president.   	put a Republican in the White House.   	gave new life to Radical Reconstruction of the South.   	helped build a more powerful Republican Party in the South.   	was supported by those who wanted to keep the South agrarian.   	
The presidential election of 1876 saw    	1	the eventual presidential winner lose the popular vote.   	sharp differences between the two major candidates.   	a slight majority in the electoral college.   	a second general election to determine a winner.   	the demise of a major political party.   	
Post-Reconstruction Southern "redeemers" included    	5	the old plantation elite.   	new Southern merchants and industrialists.   	Northern immigrants to the South.   	only b and c   	all of the first three   	
The leading spokesman of the "New South" was    	3	Rutherford B. Hayes.   	Horace Greeley.   	Henry Grady.   	Jim Crow.   	Samuel Tilden.   	
Advocates of the New South    	1	promoted Southern industry and railroad development.   	refused to employ women in factories.   	opposed using Northern capital.   	raised wages dramatically to attract skilled Northern workers.   	both a and d   	
During the last quarter of the nineteenth century    	2	farm tenancy in the South declined.   	the South remained essentially agrarian.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Booker T. Washington    	4	essentially accepted the ideology of the "New South creed."   	preached government support over self-improvement.   	favored industrial over classical education.   	only a and c   	all of the first three   	
Booker T. Washington's 1895 Atlanta Compromise speech    	2	called for political and civil rights for black Americans.   	accepted the system of racial segregation.   	sharply challenged the white power structure.   	ran counter to the thinking behind the Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. Ferguson.  	none of the above   	
The Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. Ferguson    	3	struck down the Fifteenth Amendment.   	refined the court's ruling in Cumming v. County Board of Education.   	upheld racial segregation.   	disenfranchised black voters.   	upheld the Fourteenth Amendment.   	
In the 1890s pressure to restrict black voting rights in the South came from    	3	small farmers who did not want the black vote used against them.   	wealthy Southerners who feared a political alliance between poor whites and poor blacks.  	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Jim Crow laws    	1	imposed a system of state-supported segregation.   	attacked the problem of lynching.   	led immediately to a dramatic black exodus from the South.   	essentially ended black sharecropping.   	challenged white redeemer rule in the South.   	
In the South during in the 1890s    	1	the black vote declined.   	the white vote increased.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Ida B. Wells was a black journalist who devoted a great deal of her energy to attacking   	5	segregation.   	black poverty.   	the state of black education.   	the loss of black voting rights.   	lynching.   	
Reconstruction was neither a vicious tyranny, as white Southerners charged, nor a thoroughgoing reform, as many Northerners claimed.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Even at the end of his life Lincoln continued to insist that the Confederate government had no legal right to exist.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
After the Civil War was over, African Americans responded by separating themselves from white institutions.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Freedmen's Bureau was a civilian agency under the control of the State Department.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Freedmen's Bureau was confined by law to providing assistance only to former slaves and their families.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Most Democrats favored a reconstruction process that would readmit the former Confederate states to the Union quickly.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
By the time of his death Lincoln's sympathies had shifted from essential allegiance to the moderate wing of his party to casting his lot with the Radical Republicans.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Wade-Davis Bill sought to make it more difficult than Lincoln desired for those states which had left the Union to return.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
John Wilkes Booth, like John Brown, stood trial and was executed for his deeds.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Black Codes helped President Johnson's plans for Reconstruction.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
President Johnson vetoed both the Freedmen's Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a resounding victory for the Republicans.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Fifteenth Amendment was unanimously supported by the Northern states and unanimously opposed by the former slave states.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Supreme Court decision in Ex parte Milligan was greeted with applause by Radical Republicans.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
President Johnson was impeached, but not convicted.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
"Scalawags" and "carpetbaggers" were both Northerners who moved south after the Civil War.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The most numerous Republicans in the South were the black freedmen.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In the South as a whole, the percentage of black officeholders during Reconstruction was always far lower than the percentage of blacks in the population.  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
State expenditures by Southern governments during Reconstruction were large, but only in comparison with the meager state budgets of the pre-Civil War years.  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The most ambitious goal of the Radical Republicans was to reform landownership in the South.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Despite defeat in the Civil War, white landownership maintained its hold during Reconstruction.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
During Reconstruction the black share of profits may have been rising, but the total profits of Southern agriculture were declining.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
As sharecroppers, the black labor force in the South worked hours that were just as long as had been the case under slavery.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
During Reconstruction, black family roles soon came to resemble similar roles within white families.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Without a half-million black votes in 1868, Ulysses S. Grant would have had only a minority of the popular vote.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Grant played a leadership role at least among the "Liberal Republicans," if not before the country itself.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Panic of 1873 was the worst the country had faced to that point in its history.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Grant's response to bad economic times was to approve plans to increase the amount of money in circulation.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Grant administration achieved its greatest successes in foreign affairs.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Ku Klux Klan could be described as a veterans organization and as a racist organization, but not as a terrorist organization.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 won a majority of the popular vote, but he did not win the presidency.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In most parts of the South, "redeemer" government constituted a genuinely new ruling class.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Spokesmen for the New South advocated industrial development for the South, but seldom challenged white supremacy in the process.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Despite significant industrial growth, the South remained primarily agrarian in the final decades of the nineteenth century.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Tenant farming increased significantly in the South in the two decades following Reconstruction.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The "New South creed" was expounded by whites, not blacks.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Booker T. Washington argued that blacks should concentrate on self improvement even as they lobbied for political rights.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Supreme Court generally struck down civil rights laws and upheld black voting rights in the late nineteenth century.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Segregation of the races in the late nineteenth century at least meant declining violence against blacks.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
In the late-nineteenth-century South, race played a secondary role to economic issues in politics.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE