American romanticism    	4	was consistent with traditional Calvinism.   	stressed the importance of order and control.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
All of the following were engaged in the effort to create a distinctly American literature EXCEPT   	4	Washington Irving.   	Herman Melville.   	James Fenimore Cooper.   	George Ripley.   	Nathaniel Hawthorne.   	
James Fenimore Cooper stressed the significance of    	5	the American West.   	the isolated individual.   	the natural goodness in man.   	both a and b   	all of the first three   	
Walt Whitman    	1	celebrated democracy.   	could be compared to Herman Melville in terms of style and content.   	was one of the American transcendentalists.   	was intolerant of unconventional sexuality.   	none of the above   	
Transcendentalists    	2	refused to borrow from European thinkers.   	regarded reason as the highest human faculty.   	argued that reason and emotion were opposites.   	came mainly from the Old Northwest.   	sought to minimize the importance of understanding.   	
Ralph Waldo Emerson    	5	was a Unitarian minister.   	wrote "Self-Reliance."   	befriended Henry David Thoreau.   	both b and c   	all of the first three   	
Henry David Thoreau    	1	was a more radical transcendentalist than Ralph Waldo Emerson.   	doubted the validity and utility of slavery, but could not be considered to be antislavery.  	preached, but did not necessarily practice, civil disobedience.   	set up a retreat at Walden Pond with a small community of loyal followers.  	   	
Who among the following was NOT involved in a communitarian experiment?    	2	Nathaniel Hawthorne   	Henry David Thoreau   	Robert Owen   	George Ripley   	John Humphrey Noyes   	
George Ripley    	3	is to be associated with Brook Farm.   	had a positive view of the role of leisure in one's life.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
Brook Farm    	1	briefly attracted Nathaniel Hawthorne.   	had a long life as a communitarian experiment.   	was located in the South.   	was composed primarily of intellectuals.   	none of the above   	
Who among the following was NOT an American communitarian?    	2	Nathaniel Hawthorne   	Robert Owen   	George Ripley   	John Humphrey Noyes   	All of the above were.   	
One of the more enduring of the pre-Civil War utopian colonies was    	1	Oneida.   	New Harmony.   	Brook Farm.   	Walden.   	   	
The Oneida Community    	1	experimented with changes in gender roles.   	was an experiment in "free love."   	was a communitarian experiment, but permitted children to be raised by their biological parents.  	sought to justify male lust.   	was quite similar to the Shakers.   	
Which of the following is NOT an example of a secular utopian society?    	4	Brook Farm   	New Harmony   	Oneida   	the Shakers   	transcendentalism   	
The Shakers    	5	was another name for Quakers.   	were committed to complete celibacy.   	made sure that men and women had equal political and economic power.   	endorsed the idea of sexual equality.   	both b and d   	
Mormonism    	4	began in the Midwest.   	emphasized sexual equality.   	was founded by Brigham Young.   	believed in human perfectibility.   	both c and d   	
Which statement about Mormonism is NOT accurate?    	2	Its founder was assassinated.   	It celebrated individual liberty.   	It was not a communitarian experiment.   	The first Mormons were economically marginal people.   	The exodus of Mormons from the Northeast took them southward along the Atlantic coast.  	
The philosophy of the reform movements of the pre-Civil War North was rooted in   	3	the vision of the transcendentalists.   	the Second Great Awakening.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
The New Light evangelicals    	5	sought to revive Calvinism.   	worried more about the next world, as opposed to this one.   	were opposed by Charles Grandison Finney.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
The pre-Civil War crusade against drunkenness    	1	involved a good number of female reformers.   	was united in its commitment to achieving its goals by legislation.   	secured a constitutional amendment.   	took over a major political party.   	was more powerful in the South than in the North.   	
Pre-Civil War public education    	5	was stronger in the North than in the South.   	achieved high rates of literacy in both the North and the South.   	was more concerned about educating Indians than blacks.   	was a matter for the states, but not for the national government.   	all of the above   	
Horace Mann believed that education should promote    	5	democracy.   	social order.   	racial equality.   	economic equality.   	both a and b   	
Pre-Civil War prison reform    	2	led to a national bureaucracy.   	included the idea of solitary confinement.   	focused on punishment, but not rehabilitation.   	began as an experiment in the West and spread to the East.   	stressed discipline, but not penitence.   	
The idea of placing Native Americans on reservations was designed to    	3	isolate Indians from white society.   	help "regenerate" the Indian.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
A major impetus for the pre-Civil War feminist movement was a world convention in London which dealt with   	3	woman suffrage.   	divorce reform.   	antislavery.   	temperance.   	prostitution.   	
The 1848 Seneca Falls convention on women's rights    	1	issued a manifesto patterned after the Declaration of Independence.   	accepted the notion that men and women should occupy separate spheres.   	made many demands, but the right to vote was not among them.   	called for the immediate end of slavery.   	none of the above   	
Which religious denomination was MOST committed to the goals of pre-Civil War feminism?   	2	Catholicism   	the Quakers   	Presbyterianism   	Unitarianism   	the Baptists   	
The two most powerful leaders of the feminist movement at midcentury were    	4	Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Blackwell.   	Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Mott.   	Blackwell and Susan B. Anthony.   	Stanton and Anthony.   	Mott and Anthony.   	
The American Colonization Society challenged    	1	slavery.   	property rights.   	southern sensibilities.   	none of the above   	all of the above   	
The American Colonization Society    	1	began in the South.   	proposed an immediate end to slavery.   	did not require compensation to the owners for their freed slaves.   	was generally favored by free blacks.   	was equivalent to an abolitionist society.   	
The American Colonization Society    	2	grew increasingly stronger.   	established the nation of Liberia.   	followed the creation of the American Antislavery Society.   	was created by free blacks.   	both b and d   	
The abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison thought that his movement should    	1	stress the damage that the slave system did to slaves rather than whites.   	call for the gradual elimination of slavery.   	favor freedom for slaves, but delay full citizenship to them.   	use violence to get rid of slavery.   	   	
Free blacks in the North tended to be    	1	strongly opposed to slavery, because they knew how precarious their own freedom was.  	indifferent to the plight of slaves, because they did not want to attract attention to themselves.  	fearful for the day that slavery would end, because of their potential loss of jobs and income.  	anxious to leave the United States entirely for Canada and/or England.   	favorably impressed by "back to Africa" movements.   	
Who was the leading black abolitionist?    	2	William Lloyd Garrison   	Frederick Douglass   	Elijah Lovejoy   	Benjamin Lundy   	Wendell Phillips   	
Frederick Douglass    	4	had been born into slavery.   	founded his own abolitionist newspaper.   	was a black expatriate who abandoned America.   	both a and b   	all of the first three   	
Abolitionists constituted    	3	the vast majority of Americans.   	at least a quarter of all Americans, black and white.   	only a small minority of Americans.   	a source of foreign influence within the United States.   	   	
Who among the following died for his abolitionist beliefs?    	4	William Lloyd Garrison   	Benjamin Lundy   	Frederick Douglass   	Elijah Lovejoy   	none of the above   	
Abolitionists were divided    	2	by William Lloyd Garrison's support for the Constitution.   	over whether or not to use violence.   	both a and b   	neither a nor b   	   	
William Lloyd Garrison preached    	3	violence.   	monetary compensation to the slaveowner.   	the expulsion of slave states from the Union.   	both b and c   	both a and b   	
Garrisonian abolitionists preached    	3	immediate abolition gradually accomplished.   	gradual abolition gradually accomplished.   	immediate abolition immediately accomplished.   	gradual abolition with compensation to the slaveowner.   	   	
Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)    	2	compelled states to participate in the returning of fugitive slaves.   	led to the passage of "personal liberty laws."   	angered abolitionists.   	abolished slavery in the District of Columbia.   	prohibited the interstate slave trade.   	
William Lloyd Garrison    	3	moved from abolitionism to free soil.   	moved from free soil to abolitionism.   	remained solidly an abolitionist.   	remain solidly a free-soiler.   	   	
The Liberty Party    	5	was more antislavery than abolitionist.   	ran a candidate for president.   	promoted free soil.   	both b and c   	all of the first three   	
James Birney    	5	was a black abolitionist.   	wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin.   	was an ally of John Brown.   	preached a version of abolitionism similar to that of William Lloyd Garrison.  	none of the above   	
Uncle Tom's Cabin    	3	led directly to southern secession.   	was initially ignored, but eventually became a best-seller.   	was reviled throughout the South.   	briefly helped to calm sectional tensions.   	was commissioned by William Lloyd Garrison.   	
James Fenimore Cooper thought it was important for Americans to become more like Europeans.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Herman Melville was less exuberant in his celebration of America than was Walt Whitman.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
American transcendentalists borrowed heavily from European thinkers.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Ralph Waldo Emerson was both a minister and a transcendentalist philosopher.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Henry David Thoreau favored the solitary life, but not civil disobedience.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Both Brook Farm and New Harmony were essentially failures as communal experiments.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Oneida Community sought to redefine gender roles and engage in "free love."   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Both the Oneida Community and the Shakers were committed to celibacy.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Like other mid-nineteenth-century experiments in social organization, Mormons believed in human perfectibility.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Like the Oneida Community, the Mormons were quite open about sexual practices.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Mormons celebrated polygamy and individual liberty.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The mid-nineteenth-century "age of reforms" was simultaneously attracted to ideas of personal liberty and social order.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Evangelical Protestantism was at odds with the reform spirit of the pre-Civil War period.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
By the 1850s the principle of tax-supported elementary schools had been established in every state.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
By the mid-nineteenth century the quality of public education in the United States was quite uniform across the country.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
By the beginning of the Civil War the United States had one of the highest literacy rates of any nation of the world.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Horace Mann believed that public education should promote both democracy and social order.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The reform impulse behind education was quite different from the reform impulse which motivated the building of asylums for criminals and the insane.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Reformers of the pre-Civil War period thought it was possible to reform criminals, but not the insane.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The idea of Indian reservations served white economic purposes and contained a reform agenda within it as well.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
By the 1840s Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott had come to see themselves as abolitionists first and feminists second.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The Seneca Falls "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" included a demand that women have the right to vote.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The American Colonization Society came into being before the American Antislavery Society.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The American Colonization Society called for the gradual freeing of slaves and for monetary compensation to their former owners.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The American Colonization Society called for the forcible end of slavery.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The abolitionist spirit and agenda was quite distinct from that of the larger world of pre-Civil War reform.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Even in the North, abolitionists were a small, dissenting minority of the total population.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
William Lloyd Garrison was assassinated for his advocacy of abolitionism.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
William Lloyd Garrison grew increasingly radical in his campaign to end slavery.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
William Lloyd Garrison could be called both a feminist and a pacifist.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
The antislavery Liberty Party never campaigned for outright abolitionism.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
Over time, William Lloyd Garrison gradually became a free-soiler (as opposed to an abolitionist).   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
John Brown and Harriet Beecher Stowe could both be labeled abolitionists.    	1	TRUE   	FALSE