1. Among the Maasai of East Africa (seen in the film on age, common interest, and stratification), the "moran" or warrior age set
A. are encouraged to marry and start families soon after initiation in order to start producing the future warriors.
B. live as a group apart, in their own compound hidden from the rest of the community.
C. must keep their heads shaved to symbolize their continued incompleteness and immaturity.
D. are not allowed to marry, so they must have their mothers do all the work that is appropriately women's work.
E. are the group responsible for herding, watering, and protecting the cattle from predators and other dangers.
Answer: B
2. Among the Maasai, the three-stage age set system serves which of the following functions in the society?
A. The age sets create strong bonds of cooperation and loyalty among men who must work together to run the affairs of the tribe.
B. The system prevents young men from competing with their elders for women or political power.
C. It assigns important tasks for each set to do, which make good use of the particular physical or social capabilities of each age range.
D. The system cuts across kinship lines, integrating males from several different descent groups.
E. The age-set system serves all of these functions for the Maasaai.
Answer: E
3. The warrior age set among the Maasai is most comparable to which of the following groups in America?
A. The Sierra Club
B. The Brotherhood of Pullman Sleeping Car Porters
C. A college fraternity
D. The Society for the Preservation of Barbershop Quartets
E. The audience at a Grateful Dead concert
Answer: C
4. Which of the following cultural factors probably contribute to the relatively low respect accorded to the elderly in North American culture?
A. The high value placed on productivity and "working for a living."
B. The rapidity of change (and therefore obsolescence) in the modern world.
C. The reliance on the written word (or computer chip?) as our information storage and memory system.
D. The mobile, independent nuclear family.
E. All of the above play a role in lessening the perceived value of the elderly in North American culture.
Answer: E
5. Membership in common interest associations is determined by
A. joining
B. age 
C. gender
D. kinship
E. marriage
Answer: A
6. In many traditional, non-Western societies, why is it that women's common interest associations seem to be less frequent and less developed than men's associations?
A. Women seldom have any interests and, therefore, have less motivation to get together in any organized way.
B. Women are just less sociable than men; they take their identity from their familial roles and are reluctant to take on new roles in other groups.
C. Women's lives are so dependent on men, that they tend not to trust, like, or rely on other women.
D. Women living in traditional extended families are already involved in social groups which provide support, help with the work, and plenty of visiting, and may not need other associations.
E. Women are just too disorganized and too individualistic to be able to cooperate effectively in groups.
Answer: D
7. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters was organized to
A. preserve the traditions of a historic era.
B. combat segregation and discrimination.
C. improve working conditions for its members.
D. assist in making rail travel more popular.
Answer: C
8. In the roles assigned to, and attitudes towards, men and women, the Five Nations of the traditional Iroquois tribes differed from Euro-American culture (both then and now) in which of the following ways?
A. In the degree to which men's and women's work was regarded by the Iroquois tribes as separate-but-equal.
B. In the political power of appointment and veto which women held over men's decision making in the public arena.
C. In the recognized economic value of women's work.
D. In the much lower incidence of rape within the Five Nations confederacy.
E. All of the above were characteristics of Iroquois life and society, which differed noticeably from European-derived North American cultural patterns.
Answer: E
9. In general, as societies become more urbanized, which of the following tends to happen?
A. Kinship groups and affiliation increase in importance.
B. Common interest groups become more varied and important.
C. Age sets continue to operate with little change.
D. All of the above usually occur.
E. None of the above. Individuals are so busy looking out for themselves that they're likely to "go it alone" and cut ties to others that would hinder their personal progress.
Answer: B
10. When advertisers or political speech writers "target" particular audiences for whom they design messages that will "sell," they are using their understanding of which of the following bases for social groups?
A. age grades
B. sex roles
C. common interest associations
D. class (and the "symbolic indicators" of class)
E. all of the above can be targeted for commercial or political purposes
Answer: E
11. In egalitarian societies
A. a person's social position depends largely on that individual's skills in tasks considered appropriate to her/his sex and age.
B. there is no division of labor by age or sex.
C. an individual's place depends largely on the family he/she was born into.
D. all members of the group are equally skilled at performing all the tasks that need to be done.
E. all members of the group are equal, but some are more equal than others.
Answer: A
12. Social mobility
A. is easier in societies with a nuclear family structure.
B. is easier for people in the lower classes (there's nowhere to go but up).
C. is always in an upward direction in the ranking system.
D. usually enables a person to make a major and dramatic change in life-style.
E. is easier than most people think.
Answer: A
13. Which of the following societies is most egalitarian in social structure?
A. Modern Russia
B. Modern America
C. Ju/'hoansi of Kalahari
D. Modern Bolivia
E. The ancient Maya
Answer: C
14. In which of the following countries is there a caste system of some degree in operation?
A. South Africa
B. India
C. America
D. Bolivia
E. All of these have some element of caste present in their social structure.
Answer: E
15. Class systems differ from caste systems in which of the following ways?
A. Class systems are more egalitarian than the stratified caste systems.
B. Class systems are typically Western or European derived social structures, whereas caste systems prevail in non-Western societies.
C. Class is based on economic success, whereas caste is based on prestige.
D. Class systems are relatively, or potentially, "open" to mobility, whereas caste systems are relatively "closed" to mobility.
E. Class systems are basically fair (or just), whereas caste system are unfair and unjust.
Answer: D
16. In India, how do people come to belong to particular castes?
A. People choose the caste they want to belong to when they come of age.
B. People are born into their castes and have virtually no choice or chance to alter their position.
C. People are assigned to their castes by their local central administrators, according to what jobs need to be done.
D. People start in low castes and work their way up at 5-year intervals.
E. People apply for membership into particular castes.
Answer: B
17. Social mobility refers to the
A. amount of modern transportation available.
B. breakup of the extended family.
C. possibility of changing one's class membership.
D. ease with which one moves from one common-interest association to another.
E. the process of moving through a society's age set system.
Answer: C
18. According to the discussion of the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990's, the systematic mass killings of Tutsi by Hutu were
A. an outbreak of spontaneous ethnic violence between these two ancient tribal enemies.
B. part of a communist plot to try to overthrow a democratically elected government.
C. motivated by the intense religious fervor of the fundamentalist Hutu, who claim to be ridding the country of "Satan's children."
D. primarily an example of class warfare, let loose because the traditional reciprocal relationships among the classes were dismantled under colonial rule.
E. part of a resistance movement by native Rwandans, trying to rid themselves of oppressive foreign rule.
Answer: D
19. Which of these is true of all stratified societies?
A. It is virtually impossible to move from one social level to another, except perhaps by marriage.
B. Various groups within the society have unequal access to resources, power, and prestige.
C. An individual's position in society depends largely on her/his own skills.
D. An individual's ranking depends entirely upon birth into a particular family.
E. People lose status, influence, and power as they grow older.
Answer: B
20. In the television case study on social stratification, Aymara boys are recorded as angry at mestizo children because
A. they consider mestizos to be drunkards.
B. the mestizos get better clothing and athletic equipment than the Aymara students.
C. the mestizos get lunches at school while Aymara do not.
D. the mestizos are considered to be lazy, because they will not take part in sports.
Answer: C
21. How have the Aymara become dependent upon the mestizos for religious services?
A. Priests and other religious officials are mestizo.
B. Mestizo attendance brings in financial support.
C. Religious services must be approved by the state.
D. Mestizos follow the older pre-colonial religion, which the Aymara have forgotten.
Answer: A
22. According to your Faces Study Guide, which of these groups was actually responsible for the Bolivian Revolution of 1952?
A. The peasants, including the Aymara
B. The mestizo class
C. The military leadership
D. The Cubans
E. A coalition including miners and factory workers
Answer: E
23. Which of the following has improved for the Aymara as a result of the Bolivian Revolution of 1952?
A. Medical care
B. Land ownership
C. Transportation
D. Self government
E. Farming techniques
Answer: B
24. At the Bolivian Flag Day ceremonies portrayed in the program on the Aymara, what is the behavior  of Aymara and mestizo children toward each other?
A. They remain in two separate groups and do not actually communicate.
B. Resentment boils over and some fighting between boys occurs..
C. After some shyness, the younger children play a kind of tag together
D. The boys remain wary of each other, but girls of both groups begin to talk together.
Answer: A
25. The Anthropology Applied example of the "social impact assessment" in New Mexico relates to the discussion of stratification in which of the following ways?
A. The water diversion project in New Mexico would have benefited the local Hispanic and Indian communities by providing access to water that had long been denied to them by the powerful Anglo ranchers.
B. These rural Hispanic and Indian communities eventually lost their case, in part because they could only afford to hire a woman to represent them.
C. The local Hispanic and Indian communities were in favor of the project, which would create new jobs and enable them to improve their standard of living.
D. The developers of the water diversion project had discounted or ignored both the effectiveness and the central importance of the local systems of water allocation to these rural "ethnic" communities.
E. The project was eventually approved, because it would contribute to the "greater public good," even if it caused hardship for a few small local communities.
Answer: D
26. "Political organization," as used by Anthropologists, refers to
A. centralized governments and the associated administrative bureaucracies.
B. the campaign strategies of candidates running for public office.
C. the means used by a society to maintain order within the group and to manage its affairs with outside groups.
D. the structured relationships among the kin groups in a society.
Answer: C
27. An uncentralized political system is one in which
A. the chief delegates authority to the village headmen.
B. leaders have no authority to make group members do as they say, but are listened to as respected successful men.
C. there are no leaders; each man decides for himself and his family what to do.
D. the chief executive de-regulates industry to better allow the economy to run its natural course.
E. a successful revolution has overthrown a centralized government and given power back to the people.
Answer: B
28. How does one become a "Big Man" among the Mendi or the Kapauku horticulturalists of New Guinea?
A. By being able to manipulate wealth.
B. By being the most successful farmer.
C. By being the eldest male descendant of a previous Big Man.
D. By being the fiercest warrior, the one who has taken the most enemy heads.
E. By being chosen by a voice vote of the adult men in the community.
Answer: A
29. Among the Mendi of New Guinea, seen in tape #17 on political organization, men seem to put least energy into
A. economic transactions.
B. costume, body paint and other adornment.
C. combating hostile spirits and ghosts.
D. tending the yam gardens and harvesting their crops.
E. gaining prestige and influence within the group.
Answer: D
30. Which of the following would NOT generally be characteristic of a society Anthropologists would call a band?
A. a small population
B. individual ownership of land and game
C. decision-making by consensus of adults
D. a value on sharing
E. kinship as the basis for membership
Answer: B
31. Which of the following is most generally characteristic of tribes?
A. Tribes are led by chiefs, who make all the decisions which affect the group, and who settle the most serious disputes.
B. Tribes are usually small and nomadic groups, seldom more than 50 to 100 people.
C. Tribes are almost always hunting and gathering societies.
D. Tribes are made up of descent groups which are hierarchically ranked, giving the eldest males of the highest ranked kin group authority over the rest of the group.
E. Tribes are made up of several loosely joined bands or other social units, which retain their own economic and political autonomy.
Answer: E
32. Which of the following would typically be characteristic of a society at the band level of organization?
A. A horticultural economy.
B. A value on accumulating personal property as symbolic of success.
C. A readiness to engage in warfare with neighboring societies, in order to protect their own territory.
D. A perception of nature as existing for the benefit of humans to use as they see fit.
E. None of the above tends to be found in band-level societies.
Answer: E
33. A Ju/'hoansi headman has which of the following rights or duties?
A. He chooses the site for a new camp when the group moves and has first choice for where his own fire will be.
B. He coordinates the hunting activities of the men - assigning each man an appropriate task in this community endeavor.
C. He arranges the marriages of all the young men and women in the group and, thus, controls most of the alliance formation with other groups.
D. He gets first choice of any game that is caught.
E. He settles disputes, and decides on appropriate punishments for wrongdoers.
Answer: A
34. If you were a man living in a chiefdom, your status in your community would be determined primarily by
A. your hunting ability
B. your reputation as a warrior
C. the descent group you belonged to
D. your generosity
E. your occupation
Answer: C
35. Which of the following differences usually distinguish a chiefdom from a state?
A. Only states are likely to engage in warfare.
B. A state's economic system is based on market exchange, whereas a chiefdom's  economy is primarily a redistribution system.
C. A state is a stratified society, whereas a chiefdom is egalitarian.
D. A state is a centralized political system, whereas a chiefdom is decentralized.
E. All of the above are clear distinctions between these two types of political organization.
Answer: B
36. If a Ju'/hoansi man of South Africa broke an accepted rule of behavior, what would be the most likely consequences?
A. People would ignore the offense in order to prevent friction within the group.
B. He would be taken before the headman who would reprimand him, and charge a small fine for the offense.
C. He would become ill, knowing that the spirits of the bush had seen him and were punishing him.
D. He would be taken before the council of elders, who would decide a punishment appropriate to his particular offense.
E. He would be gossiped about and laughed at by the people of his group.
Answer: E
37. Which of the following would be the best example of a "cultural" or "internalized" control?
A. Being laughed at and made fun of.
B. Being scolded by a parent.
C. Getting a low grade on a test.
D. Feeling guilty.
E. Having to pay a fine.
Answer: D
38. Getting a traffic ticket would be an example of 
A. an informal negative sanction.
B. a formal positive sanction.
C. a formal negative sanction.
D. an informal positive sanction.
E. a supernatural sanction.
Answer: C
39. An anthropological definition of "law" requires
A. that the rules for behavior and the penalties for breaking the rules be written down.
B. that some person or group be regarded as having a right to use formal negative sanctions.
C. that there be specialized personnel whose full-time occupation is enforcement of the rules.
D. that there be some kind of supernatural force involved in detecting and punishing rule breakers.
E. all of the above are essential characteristics of "law" as most Anthropologists define it .
Answer: B
40. A major goal of legal proceedings in many uncentralized political systems is
A. to restore harmony and good working relations among the members of the community.
B. to find who is right and who is wrong, and to punish the wrong-doers.
C. to please the supernatural forces in the universe by taking care of the community's own problems in a responsible way.
D. to get rid of the community's "bad apples" or troublemakers, usually by exile or execution.
Answer: A
41. According to the film, how do the Amish of Pennsylvania handle the problem of social control?
A. Through a council of elders who hear disputes or cases of wrongdoing, and decide upon and administer appropriate punishments.
B. Through the court system of Pennsylvania - taking disputes to small claims court, and criminal offenses to appropriate county and state courts.
C. Through their own system of police, court and jury trials, modeled on other American courts, but having only Amish in the officiating roles.
D. Through informal meetings of the whole Amish community where parties to a dispute, backed by friends and kinsmen, argue until a compromise settlement is reached.
E. Through intense socialization of the young, where constant immersal in a peer group of like-minded people creates a desire to conform to the standards of the community.
Answer: E
42. In the film of the dispute among the Nuer (East African pastoralists) over the infertility of a man's youngest wife,
A. the wife's kin agreed quickly and privately to refund the bride price, so as to spare the girl public embarrassment.
B. the men of both the wife's and the husband's kin groups argued loud and long, hoping to eventually reach a mutually acceptable solution among themselves.
C. the kin groups of the wife and husband each presented their side of the argument to the chief, who decided how the case would be settled.
D. the whole community watched as the girl and her husband both submitted themselves to an ordeal, the outcome of which would determine whose fault it was that there were no children.
E. the husband and wife's father engaged in a oratory duel, watched by the whole community; the most eloquent man would win the case.
Answer: B
43. In watching and listening to this case, which of the following kinship/family customs could you infer to be characteristic of the Nuer?
A. Polygyny 
B. Patrilineal descent 
C. Patrilocal residence 
D. Brideprice
E. All of the above could be inferred to be true of Nuer kinship
Answer: E
44. In the Kpelle case of trial by the hot knife ordeal,
A. a specialist, the "ordeal operator," was called in from outside the community.
B. the man guilty of wounding the calf confessed before the ordeal even started, knowing that he'd be found out anyway.
C. the chief told the ordeal operator whom he suspected, so that the ordeal operator would be sure to burn the right man.
D. the chief, as owner of the injured calf, had to administer the ordeal on his own behalf, or else it would not work.
E. the guilty man's punishment was to receive 20 lashes and to have to pay the chief three calves in compensation.
Answer: A
45. In trial by ordeal such as this, the participants believe a judgment is reached and an accusation is made through which of the following processes?
A. Political intrigue
B. Intervention of supernatural powers
C. Random chance or luck
D. Social scapegoating
E. Skilled psychological observation of guilty behavior
Answer: B
46. The Wape people of Papua New Guinea entrust a village's only shotgun to one man who then hunts on behalf of the community; if the hunter is unsuccessful, to what do the  Wape attribute the failure?
A. To the anger of the ancestors that their living descendants would turn away from the  traditional bow and arrow hunting in favor of this new weapon of the evil white man.
B. To a faulty mechanism in the gun and the crooked central government which had sold  them a malfunctioning weapon.
C. To the lack of skill of the hunter using the gun.
D. To the magical properties of the game animals that enabled them to ward off or dodge the bullets that were fired at them.
E. To bad feelings and quarrels within the community, and the consequent intervention of ghosts who spoil the hunt to avenge wrongs done to their living relatives.
Answer: E
47. In dispute settlement through negotiation with mediation,
A. there is no third party involved; the two individuals or groups must settle the problem themselves.
B. the two parties to the dispute don't speak for themselves; they each hire a third party  to represent them.
c. an unbiased third party listens to both sides and hands down a judgment which both parties must accept.
d. an unbiased third party listens to both sides and tries to help them reach a compromise, but has no authority to enforce the suggestions.
Answer: D
48. According to the original study on the Bedouin in chapter 12, the central problem faced  by men in authority is
A. how to encourage their people to maintain traditional values in the face of modernization and westernization.
B. how to prevent the state government agencies from interfering in Bedouin internal problems or disputes.
C. how to exercise their authority in ways that preserve a sense of dignity and the  illusion of equality among their followers.
D. how to provide for the large numbers of dependents, who expect to be fed and housed by the wealthy few.
E. how to encourage followers to break out of the cycle of dependence, to go out on their own to make an honorable living.
Answer: C
49. In the original study on the Bedouin, the story of the young girl's reaction to an arranged marriage she did not want illustrates which of the following?
A. The total helplessness and lack of power or recourse of women in this male- dominated society.
B. The use of informal sanctions to limit her father's and paternal uncle's abuse of their authority.
C. The effectiveness of mediation in persuading the girl to accept the marriage.
D. The use of supernatural sanctions, as the girl put a curse on her unwanted husband,  which frightened him into letting her go.
E. The use of formal sanctions, as her case was brought before the paramount chief, who decreed that the marriage had been unlawful and granted her an annulment.
Answer: B
50. Your text suggests that warfare tends to be strongly associated with which of the following?
A. Food-producing economies
B. State level political organization
C. An exploitative worldview
D. An acceptance of the idea that economic benefits to one's own society justify the use of force against other societies
E. All of the above
Answer: E