#2 thinking (reasoning, remembering, associating) is called the    	3	   	cerebellum.   	cortex.   	cenozoic.   	   	
#3 The human embryo in its earliest stages of development:    	3	looks very human-like.   	looks more monkey-like than human-like.   	shows some ancestral marine-adapted features, such as gill slits.   	none of the above   	   	
#4 Which of the following characteristics of humans can trace its origins to temperature control mechanisms developed by early mammals?  	4	the ability to manufacture tools to keep ourselves warm   	the ability to nurse our young   	the reduction in the size or "projectingness" of our noses and faces  	our body fat   	our arched feet which enable us to run fast to keep ourselves warm  	
#5 A. method of dating fossil remains based on a study of the layers of earth in which they are found is called   	5	potassium-argon dating.   	carbon-14 dating.   	protein clock method.   	speciation.   	stratigraphy.   	
#6 The theory of uniformitarianism states that    	1	the geological processes which shape the earth now are the same as those which have shaped the earth throughout its whole existence. 	all the members of a species are essentially alike in their genetic makeup.  	there is one God, and one divine plan which governs all things.   	all species were created once and are fixed, and are therefore the same as they were when first created.  	   	
#7 Much of the evidence on which the theory of uniformitarianism was based came from the   	3	biological experiments of Gregor Mendel.   	biblical scholarship of men like Archbishop Ussher.   	geological explorations and early paleontology of men like Cuvier, Smith, and Lyell.  	studies of inheritance in fruit flies, done by Morgan and Muller.   	   	
#8 Adaptive radiation refers to the    	1	diversification or branching out of a basic type of organism into all the environments that type of creature is capable of exploiting. 	increasing frequency of mutations due to the harnessing of nuclear energy.  	use of X-rays and other radiation techniques to detect and cure diseases.  	use, or threatened use, of nuclear powered weapons to maintain the political power of the Western world against the Communist nations. 	   	
#9 Which of the following mammalian traits is particularly useful to a paleontologist trying to identify a fossil as having belonged to a mammal instead of to a reptile?  	3	live births   	hair   	single lower jaw and different kinds of teeth   	sweat glands   	   	
#10 The major development which gave reptiles an advantage over earlier land vertebrates was   	2	a segmented backbone.   	a hard-shelled egg.   	lungs.   	warm-bloodedness.   	   	
#11 The importance of the Cenozoic era to the study of human evolu- tion lies in which of the following?   	1	It was the era in which all Primates evolved.   	It was the era which saw the first vertebrates move into land environments.  	It was the era during which reptiles first appeared.   	It was in this era that the very first forms of life itself appeared.  	none of the above--This was the "Age of Reptiles," and as such had little direct bearing on human evolution.  	
#12 Anthropologist Weston LeBarre has commented that humans exhibit some basic Mammalian traits or trends to a greater degree than do other Mammals.  Which of the following characteristics of human beings would best illustrate this observation? 	1	the length of infant and childhood dependency upon adulst   	our specialized bipedal locomotion   	our large size   	the flexibility of our S-shaped backbone   	the keenness of our basic sense of hearing and smell   	
#13 The name of the era during which the first vertebrates moved into land environments is   	1	Paleozoic.   	Cenozoic.   	Paleocene.   	Miocene.   	Mesozoic.   	
#14 In order for vertebrates to even begin to adapt and utilize a land environment, natural selection had to first favor the development of which of the following characteristics?  	1	hard-shelled eggs to enable vertebrates to breed and reproduce on land  	limbs and lungs to enable them to move and breathe on land   	hard shells or tough, thick layers of skin, to protect themselves from all the land predators  	temperature control mechanisms, to enable them to cope with the greater variability of climates on land  	All of the above were equally crucial first steps in the evolu- tion of land-dwelling vertebrates.  	
#15 Which of the following could be considered an advantage of the mammalian pattern of live birth over the reproduction systems of earlier vertebrates?  	4	It allows mammals to produce relatively fewer young.   	It encourages the development of social bonds, and fosters the process of learning.  	Individual offspring receive more protection both in the embry- onic stages and as infants.  	All of the above have turned out to be advantages.   	none of the above--Live births, mammalian style, just create greater problems of stress, fatigue, and lowered mobility for mammalian females. 	
#16 Which of the following is a form of relative dating?    	2	potassium argon   	stratigraphy   	radio carbon   	going out with your cousin   	All of the above are only relatively successful, and are there- fore referred to as relative dating methods.  	
#17 In order to compute a radiocarbon date, which of the following items of information would be needed?   	4	the amount of Carbon 14 left in the remains to be dated.   	the ratio of Carbon 12 to Carbon 14 in the atmosphere when the organism to be dated was alive.  	the amount of time it takes for a given amount of radiocarbon to reduce itself by half.  	all of the above   	none of the above--What is crucial is to measure how much carbon 12 is present in the remains to be dated.  	
#18 Using comparative anatomy and the biological classification of vertebrates, which is derived from that comparative anatomy, which of the following statements is most accurate?  	2	I, a Primate, am more closely related to a dog than I am to a monkey.  	I, a Primate, am more closely related to an antelope than I am to a snake.  	I, a Primate, am more closely related to a clam than I am to a turtle.  	I, a Primate, am so unlike and so far superior to all other creatures that I am not possibly related to any of them.  	   	
#120 The Karimogong Asapan ceremony would be labelled a(n) "          " by anthropologists.   	3	secret association   	men's society   	rite of passage   	social occasion   	rite of separation   	
#504 The dominant form of a gene is the one which    	4	always carries the stronger physical characteristics, such as the brightest colors in flowers.  	always carries the healthy, useful, or otherwise "good" charac- teristics, while recessives are always harmful traits.  	is always the most frequent form to be present in a population.   	masks the presence of the recessive form when a person carries both a dominant and a recessive for a particular trait.  	   	
#505 Which of the following organisms would be the most fit in the evolutionary sense of "survival of the fittest?"   	2	those who had the best protective coloring   	those who produced the most offspring   	those who had the largest brains   	those who were strongest and fastest   	   	
#506 Chance enters into the process of evolution in which of the following ways?   	4	in the particular combination of genes that go into each sex cell formed  	in the particular pair of sex cells that join to form a new organism  	in the particular environment an offspring is born into.   	all of the above   	none of the above--The process of evolution is too intricate for mere chance to be able to affect it in any significant way.  	
#507 Natural selection works by    	4	eliminating less desirable characteristics from a population.   	favoring useful characteristics in a population.   	causing new and useful characteristics to appear when needed, primarily through mutation.  	a and b above   	all of the above   	
#508 The importance of genetic variability in a population is that    	4	life is more interesting when there is a variety of fellow crea- tures to interact with.  	the existing variations become the source of new adaptations to gradually changing environments.  	it provides the "choices" upon which natural selection can act.   	b and c above   	it keeps geneticists busy and off the streets.   	
#509 When Mendel crossed tall peas with short peas    	1	all the new, first generation of peas were tall.   	all the new, first generation of peas were short.   	the peas in the first generation came in many different sizes, ranging from smaller than the small parent to taller than the tall parent. 	this crossing failed to produce any new plants at all.   	   	
#510 The major importance of Mendel's experiments was that    	3	he created new forms of plants for farmers to grow, proving that artificial selection could work.  	he strongly influenced Darwin's thinking and thus helped develop the concept of evolution.  	he demonstrated how inheritance from one generation to the next C. provides a continuing source of variability in a population.  	he proved that the theory of "blending inheritance" of parents creating offspring with traits intermediate between them, must be true. 	All of the above were important results of his work.   	
#511 Which of the following statements can be made about mutations?    	5	Mutations are essentially mistakes in the process by which genes copy themselves.  	Mutations are more likely to be harmful than not.   	Whether a particular mutation is harmful or beneficial to an individual depends on the environment in which that individual lives. 	Mutations occur totally by chance, at random, irrespective of the environment.  	All of the above statements are true.   	
#512 The "law of segregation" states that    	3	a given trait is passed on by a parent to an offspring indepen- dent of any other trait.  	each race in a population should be maintained separate and pure in order to maintain genetic variability in the species as a whole. 	only one member of each pair of genes carried by a parent goes into each sex cell formed by that parent.  	once a population has split into two groups, these groups must remain separate in order to develop into new species.  	All of the above are included in the concept of the law of segregation.  	
#513 The term "reproductive isolation" refers to    	3	the preference exhibited by most organisms to engage in sexual activity in dark private places.  	the withdrawal of pregnant female mammals from their usual social B. settings during the days immediately before and after the birth of their offspring. 	the process by which an original population becomes separated into two groups which remain apart long enough to form two new species. 	the development of sexually reproducing organisms in which the male and female sex cells are separately produced, thus requir- ing some kind of mating process. 	the universal exclusion of children from the sexual activity characteristic of adult life.  	
#514 A. person who carries two identical forms ("alleles") of a gene for a particular trait is said to be _____ for that trait.   	1	homozygous   	heterozygous   	recessive   	phenotype   	genotype   	
#515 When Mendel crossed two different pure strains of peas, the resulting first generation hybrids always had a _____ that was identical to only one of the parents.  	5	heterozygous   	recessive   	genotype   	dominant   	phenotype   	
#516 All Mendel's first generation hybrids, produced by crossing two different pure strains of peas, must have been _____ for each trait being studied.  	2	homozygous   	heterozygous   	recessive   	phenotype   	genotype   	
#517 The only way a recessive trait will be expressed in a person's outer appearance will be when a person is _____ for that trait.   	1	homozygous   	heterozygous   	recessive   	phenotype   	genotype   	
#518 Your outside appearance, or observable physical characteristics, are referred to as your   	4	heterozygous.   	homozygous.   	genotype.   	phenotype.   	recessive.   	
#519 The pairs of letters used in Punnett Squares, such as in describ- ing a person as TtAA, are referring to that person's   	3	heterozygous.   	homozygous.   	genotype.   	phenotype.   	recessive.   	
#520 A. person is described in a Punnett square as being TtAAee. This person is _____________ for tasting PTC.   	1	heterozygous   	homogzygous   	genotypic   	phenotypic   	recessive   	
#521 The _____ of Mendel's first generation hybrids was unlike that of either of the parental strains.   	3	heterozygous   	homogzgous   	genotype   	phenotype   	recessive   	
#522 The trait that seemed to disappear in Mendel's first generation hybrids (such as the trait for wrinkled seeds) was what Mendel called _____.  	5	heterozygous   	homogzygous   	genotype   	phenotype   	recessive   	
#523 Women who took the drug Thalidomide during their second month of pregnancy, frequently gave birth to infants with deformed, "flipper-like" arms.  Which of the following statements would be most accurate about these babies? 	4	Each infant's deformity must have been caused by a mutation in one of its parent's sex cells at the time of its conception.  	Both parents must have been carriers of this deformity in order for it to show up in their offspring.  	When these children reach adulthood, and have children of their own, they would be very likely to produce offspring with the same condition. 	All of the above statements are false.   	   	
#524 In a population, the whole set of harmful genes which are usually being carried in a hidden recessive condition is called the  	3	gene flow.   	genetic drift.   	genetic load.   	gene pool.   	speciation.   	
#1,001 A. paleontologist has found a fairly complete fossil of a Primate jaw.  Which of the following traits would enable him to identify the jaw as belonging to an ape rather than to a monkey?  	4	an arc-shaped palate and curving jaw   	a U-shaped palate   	a 4-cusp pattern on the molars   	a Y-5 cusp pattern on the molars   	pronounced canines   	
#1,002 Which of the following traits would enable a paleontologist to identify a Primate jaw as belonging to an early hominid rather than to an ape?  	4	arc-shaped palate   	reduced size of canines   	Y-5 cusp pattern on molars   	a and b above   	All of the above are traits uniquely human.   	
#1,003 The first signs of "Primateness" (the characteristic features which would set Primates apart from other animals) to be developed by Prosimian ancestors lay in  	3	the development of a larger, more complex brain.   	the shifting to bipedal locomotion.   	the evolution of a grasping hand and foot.   	the development of the ability to brachiate.   	   	
#1,004 The basic difference between monkeys and apes lie in their    	1	means of locomotion:  monkeys are mostly quadrupedal while apes are brachiators.  	sense of vision:  apes have full color and stereoscopic vision whereas monkeys do not have either.  	habitat:  monkeys are adapted to tree-dwelling while apes evolved primarily as ground-dwellers.  	All of the above are crucial differences between the two groups.   	   	
#1,005 Prosimians are considered to be "primitive" or less "advanced" Primates because they   	5	still have at least some claws, as well as some nails on their digits.  	rely somewhat more on their sense of smell and of hearing than do the higher primates.  	do not yet have full stereoscopic and color vision.   	still have tails, unlike monkeys and other higher Primates.   	all except D above   	
#1,006 The form of locomotion by swinging arm over arm under the branches of trees is called   	1	brachiation.   	quadrupedalism.   	arborealism.   	speciation.   	bipedalism.   	
#1,007 Which of the following sets of Primates are all apes?    	2	baboons, lemurs, gibbons, gorillas   	chimps, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons   	chimps, baboons, tarsiers, lemurs   	gorillas, gibbons, monkeys, lorises   	   	
#1,008 Lemurs are classified as Primates because they    	5	live in trees.   	have wet noses.   	bear live young.   	have claws on their digits.   	None of the above is the basis for including them in the Primate order.  	
#1,009 In the course of Primate evolution, increased size tended to be selected   	4	because larger individuals usually discouraged attacks by preda- tors more easily than can smaller individuals.  	larger males may have had more access to females and therefore sired larger offspring.  	along with flattened nails and stronger digits capable of sup- porting more weight.  	All of the above are likely factors favoring increase in size, especially among primates.  	   	
#1,010 Chimpanzees are not as efficient at walking on two legs as are humans because   	4	chimps lack the powerful buttock muscles of humans.   	chimps can't fully straighten their legs, nor can they "lock" their knees.  	chimps' big toes stick out to the side, thus hampering a smooth forward stride.  	All of the above limit the ease with which a chimp can walk on D. two legs.  	None of the above are serious limitations--a chimp could walk just as well as a human if it wanted to.  	
#1,011 The word "aboreal" means    	1	living primarily in trees.   	eating insects and plants, but not meat.   	being active only, or primarily, at night.   	being able to communicate vocally.   	running and leaping on all fours.   	
#1,012 Prosimians use their more acute sense of smell primarily    	2	to detect the presence of predators in trees.   	to communicate with other Prosimians by scent-marking territories and/or trails.  	to hunt the insects which form a major proportion of their diets.   	because they are all nocturnal, and therefore cannot effectively use improved vision.  	none of the above--Prosimians, like other Primates, do not have a good sense of smell, because there is no need or use for it in a tree-dwelling existence. 	
#1,013 Monkeys from South America ("New World" monkeys) differ from African and Asian ("Old World") monkeys in which of the follow- ing ways?  	1	Many New World monkeys have grasping tails, while none of the Old World forms do.  	New World monkeys are strictly quadrupedal, while Old World forms are often semi-bipedal.  	New World monkeys often live on the ground and exploit food re- sources in the open grasslands, while almost all Old World types are completely tree-dwelling. 	All of the above are clear and consistent distinctions between the two kinds of monkeys.  	none of the above--Monkeys everywhere are essentially identical, except for the color and markings of their fur.  	
#1,014 The major importance of the studies of the Koshima (beach-dwell- ing) monkeys of Japan is that they show   	3	that female primates are smarter and more inventive than males.   	that wild monkeys can become accustomed to human presence.   	how new behaviors can originate and then be passed on to other members of a group--giving a group of monkeys its own distinctive "culture." 	how many different kinds of food monkeys (and by extension, all higher Primates) can eat.  	that monkeys can be just as good at walking as apes or even humans, if they are sufficiently motivated.  	
#1,015 The studies of the chimpanzees at Gombe Stream showed that young chimps acquired their use of tools by   	3	inheriting the knowledge genetically.   	learning from their playmates.   	learning from older individuals, particularly from their mothers.   	asking the termites.   	   	
#1,016 A. scholar well-known for extensive field studies of chimpanzees is   	2	Charles Darwin.   	Jane Goodall.   	Charles Lyell.   	Sherwood Washburn.   	Louis Leakey.   	
#1,017 The primary importance of the position of the foramen magnum in fossil Primates is that   	1	it is a good indicator of how the Primate moved.   	it is a good indicator of the amount of meat in the Primate's diet.  	it is a good indicator of the degree to which the Primate had developed a precision grip.  	it is a good indicator of the degree of difficulty the Primate would have had in child-bearing.  	none of the above--A hole is an absence of any useful informa- tion.  	
#1,018 Humans are anatomically (physically) most similar to which of the following Primates?   	3	chimps and baboons   	gibbons and orangutans   	gorillas and chimps   	gibbons and baboons   	   	
#1,019 Which of the following assumptions is made when using the com- parative anatomy of living Primates to make inferences about their evolutionary past?  	4	The similarity in basic biological traits, which is the basis for classifying animals together in named groups, has not occurred by chance. 	Basic anatomical similarity between two groups of animals means the two are related in some way, that they share a common ances- tor of some sort. 	The greater the anatomical similarity between two groups of ani- mals, the more recent in the past should be the common ancestral type. 	all of the above   	   	
#1,020 In a baboon troop on the move, the largest, most dominant males    	2	are in the front "scout" position.   	are in the center with the females and infants.   	are on all the edges of the troops to keep as far away from each other as possible.  	are each permanently paired with a particular female and all of her offspring.  	   	
#1,501 The fossils now known as Ramapithecus are particularly signifi- cant in the study of early human evolution, because   	4	their pelvic bones offer the earliest evidence of bipedalism we have in a higher Primate.  	they are the oldest fossil so far to exhibit the presence of the boney orbital closure behind the eye, reflecting the increasing importance of vision. 	their brain cases (craniums) are surprisingly large for such small and early creatures, putting them well within the human family. 	the shape of their jaws and the size of their canine teeth sug- gest that they may be near the beginning of the evolutionary line leading towards humans. 	they were found in Asia, and thus prove that that's the part of the world where human evolution really began.  	
#1,502 The "seed-eating hypothesis" is PRIMARILY an attempt to explain    	3	why early hominids turned to use of tools.   	why early hominids became bipedal.   	why early hominids developed shortened canines and the arch- shaped palate.  	why early hominids developed larger brains.   	   	
#1,503 The "Taung baby" was    	1	an Australopithecus africanus fossil.   	an Australopithecus robustus fossil.   	a Homo erectus fossil.   	a Ramapithecus fossil.   	an Australopithecus afarensis fossil.   	
#1,504 Which of the following traits confirm the status of Australo- pithecus as a hominid rather than an early ape?   	4	presence of a sagittal crest   	surprisingly large brain   	pronounced canine teeth   	pelvis and legs suited for upright posture   	all of the above   	
#1,505 The study of baboons is of relevance to the reconstruction of early hominid evolution because   	2	it is believed that early baboons and early humans may have cooperated in warning of the approach of predators.  	the social organization of baboons, evolved in response to the dangers of savanna life, offers clues as to how early hominids might have coped with the same problems. 	It is of no relevance because baboons are monkeys, not apes, and are therefore too distantly related to humans to have any bearing on hominid stages of development. 	Baboons are prey to the same diseases and parasites as humans and therefore give us information concerning the maladies caused by existence on the open plains. 	my teacher says so.   	
#1,506 Which of the following typically had a sagittal crest, heavy jaws, and large molars?   	2	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo habilis   	
#1,507 Which of the following had the largest cranial capacity?    	1	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo habilis   	
#1,508 Which of the following are the earliest clearly bipedal hominids?    	3	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus africanus   	
#1,509 Which of the following is the correct scientific name for the fossils popularly known as "Java Man" and "Peking Man"?   	5	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo erectus   	
#1,510 Which of the following was a big-game hunter, responsible for the elephant butchering site in Spain?   	1	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	
#1,511 Which of the following is the correct scientific name for the fossil known as "Lucy"?   	3	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo habilis   	
#1,512 The hominid footprints discovered at Mary Leakey's site at Laetoli probably belonged to which of the following?   	4	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo erectus   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Autralopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	
#1,513 Which of the following is first, and generally, associated with the Acheulian hand-axe industry?   	3	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo habilis   	
#1,514 Which of the following is generally thought to have had a specialized vegetarian diet, with little or no meat eating?   	2	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boesei   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo habilis   	
#1,515 Which of the following is the earliest form of human known to have used fire on a regular basis?   	1	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus afarensis   	Homo habailis   	Australopithecus robustus and/or boisei   	Australopithecus africanus   	
#1,516 Which of the following had (as far as evidence now available suggests) the widest geographical distribution?   	4	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus africanus   	Australopithecus robustus and boisei   	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#1,517 Olduvai Gorge in East Africa is a particularly important site in the study of early human evolution for which of the follow- ing reasons?  	5	Its layers of volcanic ash permit more accurate dating than is possible at the South African sites.  	Its stratigraphy provides a long-ordered sequence of gradual changes in hominid physical characteristics and in their tools.  	It has some of the oldest excavated "living floors" revealing how early hominids used their space.  	It's the area where the earliest known deliberately manufactured stone tools were first discovered  	all of the above   	
#1,518 The experiments in hunting and scavenging tactics done by Schaller and Lowther indicate that   	3	scavenging would not have provided any meat to early hominids, because hyenas and vultures always devour whatever is left of lion kills. 	scavenging would have been able to provide some meat, but hunting even small game would have been impossible without fairly sophis- ticated tools. 	both scavenging and running down small game could have provided some meat for early hominids even without tools.  	neither scavenging nor hunting was a possible food source because the evidence from studies of other Primates indicates that Pri- mates never eat meat. 	   	
#1,519 In comparing humans to other Primates, humans are found to be unique in which of the following behaviors?   	1	regular sharing of food   	occasional eating of meat   	occasional using of tools   	living in organized social groups   	   	
#1,520 The major significance of the Australopithecus fossils is that they prove that our large complex brain was the first distinc- tively human feature to be developed in early hominids, thus making possible all the later advances. 	2	true   	false   	   	   	   	
#1,521 So far, the Australopithecus fossils have been discovered primarily in South or East Africa.   	1	true   	false   	   	   	   	
#1,522 According to Washburn, cited in your text, bipedalism in early hominids was selected for PRIMARILY because   	1	it enabled them to more effectively use tools, either in defense or in food getting.  	it enabled them to run to safety faster.   	it was needed in order to carry infants who could no longer cling to mother's fur.  	it allowed women to stay home while the men hunted.   	it enabled hominids to see farther over the savanna.   	
#1,523 Which of the following physical characteristics resulted directly or indirectly from the shift to bipedalism?   	4	the loss of the grasping ability in the foot   	the widening of the female pelvis   	the relatively immature or underdeveloped brain of infants at birth.  	all of the above   	   	
#1,524 The first discovery of a Homo erectus fossil was made by    	1	Eugene Dubois.   	Louis Leakey.   	Raymond Dart.   	George Shaller.   	Richard Leakey.   	
#1,525 Homo erectus remains have been found in which of the following areas of the world?   	3	only in Africa   	only in Asia: Java and China   	in China, East and North Africa, and Europe   	Africa and Australia   	   	
#1,526 The category of "hominids" includes which of the following kinds of primates?   	3	modern apes and humans   	ancient and modern apes and humans   	ancient and modern forms of humans   	modern monkeys, apes, and humans   	ancient and modern monkeys, apes, and humans   	
#1,527 The main importance of the fossil called "Lucy" is that    	2	she is proven to have been a female, a rare event, since a fe- male's bones are softer and are seldom preserved well enough to become part of the fossil record. 	hers is the oldest and most complete hominid skeleton found any- where in the world.  	she is so completely unlike any other hominid fossil yet dis- covered, she has started a search for a whole new type of pre- human that may have co-existed with Australopithecines. 	her large, powerful jaws and massive molars prove that she must have been a vegetarian.  	All of the above are important aspects of this fossil.   	
#1,528 Which of the following combinations of traits most accurately represents our current knowledge of the Australopithecus afarensis fossils?  	3	These were hominids with surprisingly large brains, modern human- like teeth in small, flat faces and fully bipedal.  No tools yet found with them. 	These hominids had large brains, but also had large rather ape- like faces and pronounced canine teeth.  They were semi-bipedal and used no tools. 	These hominids were fully bipedal but had small brains and large, rather projecting, ape-like faces.  No evidence of tool use has been found. 	These hominids were just starting to walk partially erect, had small brains, large projecting faces.  Possible evidence of D. primitive tool use recently unearthed. 	The available fossils from this time period are so few and frag- mentary, that archaeologists are reluctant to even hazard a guess about characteristics as important as these. 	
#1,529 Lucy and the "First Family" have been dated to which of the following time periods?   	5	over 5 million years ago   	between 4 and 5 million years ago   	between 1 and 2 million years ago   	about 500,000 years ago   	about 3.5 million years ago   	
#1,530 According to Don Johanson, where should the Lucy and First Family fossils go in the line of descent relative to the other known hominids?  	1	Johanson thinks these fossils should be considered ancestral to both the later Australopithecines and to Homo habilis and sub- sequent Homo forms. 	Johanson thinks these fossils must be ancestral to Australopithi- cus africanus and A. robustus, but already separated from the line leading to Homo habilis and H. erectus. 	Johanson thinks these fossils are so primitive that they will prove to be ancestral to Ramapithecus.  	Johanson thinks Lucy is a form of Ramapithecus, on account of her size, but that all the others are advanced enough to qualify as early forms of Homo habilis. 	Johanson sees Lucy and the "First Family" as ancestral to the line of Homo habilis and H. erectus, but as too late to be ances- tral to the Australopithecines. 	
#1,531 The major importance of "Johanson's knee" is that    	3	if he hadn't sprained it and stopped to rest at that moment, he would never have spotted the first fragments of Lucy.  	it is sufficiently like the knee of a modern ape to suggest that these hominids would have only occasionally been able to walk upright. 	it is sufficiently like the knee of a modern human to suggest that these hominids would have been almost as efficient bipeds as we are now. 	it is the oldest of all the hominid fossils yet discovered-- dating back to almost half a million years older than Lucy.  	if he hadn't spent so much time on his knee praying, Johanson would not have achieved this great success.  	
#1,532 The major significance of finding an almost complete left hand at Hadar was that   	1	Analysis of the hand bones indicated that these hominids had not been knuckle-walkers.  	analysis of the fingers proved that these early hominids had had opposable thumbs, and would have been able to use tools.  	it almost perfectly matched a right hand found by Mary Leakey at Laetoli.  	it showed signs of severe arthritis, suggesting that this person was taken care of by other members of the group--a sign of social consciousness. 	there were simple shell rings on two of the fingers, indicating some sort of personal adornment was already being worn.  	
#1,533 What advantages did early hominids have as they started to adapt to life on the savannas because of the fact that their most immediate ancestors were apes, not monkeys?  	5	a larger brain, coupled with greater use of hands for manipulat- ing objects  	the ability to brachiate, and the physical structures of arms, shoulders and spine that make brachiation possible  	a tendency to walk quadrupedally, with palsm of hands flat on the ground  	all of the above   	A and B above   	
#1,900 The reconstruction of changing climates due to the advance and retreat of ice sheets is arrived at through which of the follow- ing kinds of evidence?  	4	pollen analysis   	geological stratigraphy (layerings and deposits)   	analysis of animal remains   	all of the above   	   	
#1,901 Once accepted as legitimate fossil hominids, Neanderthals were still excluded from membership in our own species because   	3	their brains were too small to qualify as human.   	Neanderthal sites lacked evidence of tool-making and hunting.   	their primitive features were over-emphasized in early analyses of Neanderthal remains.  	all of the above   	none of the above--It was clear to scholars from the beginning that their essential human qualities far outweighed their few "primitive" characteristics. 	
#1,902 Neanderthal remains have been found in which of the following geographical regions?   	3	primarily Africa   	only in Europe   	in Europe, the Middle East, the Near East, and parts of Africa   	in Europe, Africa, North America, and Australia   	Antarctica   	
#1,903 The fossils from Tabun and Skuhl in Israel, and Shanidar in Iraq, support which of the following conclusions?   	1	that the Neanderthals constituted a large and varied population of Homo sapiens gradually acquiring increasingly "modern" A. characteristics. 	that Boule's reconstruction of the La Chapelle aux Saints fossil had been accurate  	that all Neanderthals shared the same combination of primitive features found in the European populations  	that Neanderthals never did exist in any form outside of Europe, and must have been well off the main line of modern human evolu- tion 	none of the above   	
#1,904 Among the advantages possessed by the Cro-Magnon peoples that enabled them to replace the European Neanderthals, current theories stress  	5	Cro-Magnon's better looks.   	Cro-Magnon's greater ability to use language.   	Cro-Magnon's larger populations and ability to absorb or "swamp" small Neanderthal groups.  	Cro-Magnon's more diversified, specialized tool kits and hunting techniques.  	all except A above   	
#1,905 Cro-Magnon peoples differ from the European Neanderthal peoples in which of the following features?   	2	Cro-Magnon had more pronounced eyebrow ridges as better protec- tion for their eyes.  	Cro-Magnons had more pronounced chins and foreheads.   	Cro-Magnons tended to be shorter and more sturdily built.   	Cro-Magnons were better at bipedalism, having fully modern pelvic structures.  	all of the above   	
#1,906 Why does your textbook spend several pages talking about song sparrows?   	2	The geographical distribution of sparrows closely matches the A. distribution of Neanderthal fossils, suggesting an evolutionary connection. 	The distribution of sparrows is used as a model to explain how European Neanderthals could have been part of a large and varied gene pool of Homo sapiens. 	The distribution of sparrows is used as a model to demonstrate how Neanderthals in Europe must have become a separate species from the Homo sapiens populations elsewhere in the world. 	The song sparrow is the animal most frequently depicted in the cave art of the Neanderthals, suggesting some ritual signi- ficance. 	The distribution of song sparrows give us clues about the environments to which the Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons were adapting. 	
#1,907 The stage in human physical development reached by the second interglacial transitional Homo sapiens like Swanscombe and Steinheim was  	2	development of a true vertical forehead.   	development of a rounded modern-looking back of the skull.   	final attainment of erect posture and bipedal locomotion.   	final loss of heavy eyebrows.   	All of the above are notable characteristics of these fossils.   	
#1,908 During the second interglacial (before the Riss or 3rd glacial advance), early or transitional Homo sapiens sites are found in which of the following kinds of environments?  	2	dense tropical rainforests   	temperate-to-warm woodlands and savannas   	far north arctic tundra   	in the desert interior of Asia   	all of the above   	
#1,909 Which of the following theories does your text suggest as the most reasonable explanation as to why the skull shape and facial features of Cro-Magnon peoples would have been selected for to replace the more typically Neanderthal features? 	1	The face and back of the skull were "pulled in" to allow the evo- lution of a pharynx capable of producing a wider variety of vowel sounds. 	As self-awareness increased, the more primitive-looking Neander- thals saw themselves as too ugly to attract mates, so only the more "good looking" humans continued breeding. 	Neanderthals of the classic type were so top-heavy and forward- heavy that they had to keep running just in order to stay erect, and therefore were unable to stop long enough to breed. 	As the climate in Europe grew warmer, the cold-adapted features of Neanderthal no longer were needed, and therefore disappeared.  	   	
#1,910 Lighter skin color in European populations was probably selected for, from Neanderthal times on, for which of the following reasons?  	3	It offered better camouflage in the snow.   	It was less sensitive to the cold.   	It allowed more sunlight to be absorbed by the skin for the pro- duction of vitamin D, and thus lowered the incidence of bone diseases like rickets. 	It became lighter because there was not enough sunlight to main- tain a tan.  	   	
#2,001 The sexual division of labor, characteristic of present day hunting people and probably prehistoric hunters as well, conferred which of the following advantages?  	4	It allowed women to stay near base camp and care for infants and still be sure of getting some meat.  	It allowed men to devote their energy to hunting and not be slowed down by gathering as well.  	It allowed ill or injured members of the group a chance to recuperate.  	all of the above   	none of the above--It just caused strife and bickering.   	
#2,002 Loss of estrus, or gain of permanent sexual receptivity, in human females might have been selected for which of the following reasons?  	4	allowed closer spacing of births--a kind of insurance against effects of high child mortality rate.  	allowed men and women to do other survival-related tasks in obtaining food.  	allowed formation of male-female bonds not limited to periodic sexual attraction.  	all of the above   	   	
#2,003 Terra Amata, a site in Southeastern France, contains which of the following notable features?   	1	the oldest certain remains of constructed huts   	the oldest traces of fire   	deep hearths indicating permanent occupations of this site for a good number of years  	evidence of cannibalism--human skulls with enlarged foramen magnum  	the earliest cremation burials   	
#2,004 Peking Man is found in assocition with which of the following cultural remains?   	5	quantities of elephant bones located in ancient bogs   	large numbers of baboon skulls   	remains of oval-shaped huts, probably made of saplings   	the earliest known manufactured stone tools   	none of the above   	
#2,005 Which of the following sites is noted for its many occupation layers containing deep hearths and charred animal bones?   	1	Choukoutien Caves, China   	Olduvai Gorge   	Omo   	Olorgesailie   	Sterkfontein   	
#2,006 In a baboon troop on the move, the largest, most dominant males    	2	are in the front "scout" position.   	are in the center with the females and infants.   	are on all the edges of the troops to keep as far away from each other as possible.  	are each permanently paired with a particular female and all of her offspring.  	   	
#2,007 Human sexual behavior is like that of baboons in which of the following ways?   	5	in lacking a breeding season   	in having obvious external signs indicating when a female is likely to conceive.  	in having no sexual activity while a female is pregnant or nursing.  	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#2,008 Human infants and children are like baboon young in which of the following ways?   	2	in being cared for by a primary "family" unit of father, mother, and offspring  	in having to learn and master complex social skills   	in being dependent upon their mothers for at least the first six years of life.  	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#2,009 The Oldowan industry is characterized by what type of tools?    	2	stone "hand axes"   	pebble "choppers"   	polished bone tools   	spears and arrowheads   	none of the above   	
#2,010 Robin Fox suggests which of the following reconstructions of early hominid mating patterns?   	3	that a human instinct to form pair-bonds became the basis for human family units  	that the earliest food sharing between males and females would have been between mothers and sons and between brothers and sisters 	that early hominid bands must have had a dominance hierchy like that of baboons, which resulted in an effective selective breed- ing system 	that the incest taboo was developed in early hominid bands pri- marily to prevent the dangers of inbreeding.  	none of the above--His discussion centers around the origins of human aggression.  	
#2,011 Sally Linton's paper challenges which of the following theories?    	5	that the turn to hunting on the part of human males was the major selective force in the evolution of distinctively human biologi- cal traits and cultural/social patterns of behavior 	that it was the turn to hunting and killing of game that has caused human males to be more aggressive than human females  	that the fact that modern human males still hunt, even without economic need to do so, proves that males are, by nature, hunters  	that permanent sexual receptivity in females was selected for as a way of reducing competition among males for females  	all of the above   	
#2,012 Sally Linton suggests that the first human-like family unit, which would have been based on regular food-sharing, most probably consisted of  	1	a female and her dependent children.   	a male,his dependent female and their offspring.   	a male with several dependent females and their offspring (the "harem" model).  	several dominant males jointly sharing and bringing food to sev- eral dominant females.  	none of the above   	
#2,013 With regards to the earliest cultural inventions, Linton suggests that   	4	the early chopping tools and hand-axes were developed primarily as weapons in response to the demands of hunting and butchering game. 	the early choppers and hand-axes could easily have been invented as aids in gathering and processing the new, often tougher, vege- table foods available in the savannas. 	slings or nets for carrying small children were tools as crucial as the stone tools and were probably developed before hominids relied heavily on hunting of large game. 	b and c above   	all of the above   	
#2,014 Robin Fox suggests that in early hominid bands, the qualities that would have been most strongly selected for in establishing a male's position in a hierarchy would have been  	2	a male's size and physical strength.   	a male's ability to control his actions, and his reactions to other members of his group--to "size up" situations and act accordingly. 	a male's aggressiveness and willingness to defend his position, or his female, against all other challengers.  	none of the above--Fox suggests that a male's position in society D. would be determined primarily by his mother's position.  	   	
#2,015 Hadar is the name of    	2	the site where the very early hominid footprints were found.   	the site where "Lucy and the first family" fossils were found.   	the man who found, and recognized the significance of, the "Taung baby."  	Richard Leakey's site, where he has found so many important fos- sils, most notably the "1470 skull."  	the nickname given to the "father" in the "first family"--the oldest male skeleton in the group.  	
#2,016 Based on the problem-solution model presented in class, the cul- ture institution of home base and economic division of labor was MOST IMMEDIATELY a solution to which of the following problems?  	2	the presence of new kinds of foods on the savannas which re- quired more processing than did the food sources of the forest.  	the increased dependency of human infants upon their mothers, coupled with increasing reliance on meat in the diet.  	the increased threat posed by grassland predators.   	the awkwardness of the early attempts at bipedal locomotion.   	the change in the female sexual cycle which increased male compe- tition for females.  	
#2,017 Evidence for ritual behavior during Neanderthal times includes    	5	elabaorate art in the form of sculpture and painting.   	buried stone chests containing cave bear skulls.   	burial of the dead with tools and meat, and even flowers.   	human skulls found carefully placed, and separated from other parts of their skeletons.  	all but A above   	
#2,018 Which of the following inventions set the Upper Paleolithic sites in Europe apart from Middle Paleolithic or earlier remains?   	3	use of fires for warming caves and food   	appearance of a variety of "special-purpose" flake tools, replac- ing most core tools  	increased use of bone, antler, and ivory as tools   	building shelters made out of saplings   	the disc-core technique of stone tool making   	
#2,019 Venus figurines are usually thought to represent    	1	household fertility figures.   	Paleolithic "Playmates of the Month."   	Neanderthal love charms.   	none of the above   	   	
#2,020 Excavating in limestone cliffs near a river you find deep layers of occupation containing bone harpoons, needles, awls, spear throwers, specialized tool kits based on a punched blade tech- nology.  This site probably belongs to ______ culture. 	3	Acheulian   	Neanderthal   	Magdalenian   	Victorian   	   	
#2,021 The term "living on unearned resources" refers to    	2	early patterns of theft among Cro-Magnon peoples.   	the seasonal hunting of migratory game animals that have been grazing in areas far from those inhabited by the hunters.  	the scavenging of meat killed by other predators, way back in Australopithecus times.  	taking over of Neanderthal caves and shelters by Cro-Magnon peoples.  	   	
#2,022 Which of the following is the most commonly accepted theory as to how humans reached the new world?   	3	parallel evolution from New World monkey stock   	hunters coming from Scandinavia by way of Greenland   	hunters coming from Siberia across the Bering Strait land bridge   	Polynesians arriving using outrigger canoes   	   	
#2,023 Venus figures are most typically or frequently found    	4	in buried caches along with laurel leaf blades.   	in the caves with the most magnificent wall painting in France and Spain.  	in burials throughout Europe and the Near East.   	in association with tent-like shelters in open campsites in eastern Europe.  	   	
#2,024 Most of the paintings in Paleolithic cave art are depictions of    	1	game animals.   	human figures.   	scenes and landscapes.   	composite human-animal figures.   	painted pebbles.   	
#2,025 Among the features of cave art which suggest a ritual use, your text cites   	4	the fact that most art is in deep, inaccessible passages.   	the fact that many paintings are done on top of earlier paint- ings.  	the fact that most female animals are depicted as pregnant.   	all of the above   	none of the above--since most of the paintings are too crude to represent anything more than prehistoric graffiti.  	
#2,026 The term "Mousterian" refers to    	5	the intoxicating beverage consumed by Nenderthals to help them mouster up their courage before a dangerous hunt.  	the reliance upon rodents and other small mammals as a dietary supplement in time of scarcity of larger game.  	the rites and mousteries performed before the huge paintings of animals in almost inaccessable caves.  	a secret Neanderthal fraternity of mouse-hunters.   	the characteristic tools made by Neanderthals that were first officially described at the site of Le Moustier.  	
#2,027 A. "burin" is    	2	an Upper Paleolithic artist, hired to do paintings on cave walls.   	a special purpose tool designed to engrave or carve bone.   	a Neanderthal shaman and religious healer.   	a sling made of skins to carry infants in.   	   	
#2,028 The most correct term designating the geological period charac- terized by the "ice ages" is   	3	Paleolithic.   	Paleozoic.   	Pleistocene.   	Paleocene.   	Pliocene.   	
#2,029 The purpose of the Levallois prepared core and of the disc-core techniques of flaking was   	3	to strike several usable flakes from a core with a single blow.   	to shape a rock to look like tortoise shell in order to decoy wary turtles into hand-axe range.  	to shape a tool on the surface of the core, and then strike off C. the finished flake tool with the last blow.  	to shape a cylindrical core from which many long narrow parallel-sided flakes could be struck.  	   	
#2,030 For which of the following do we have the earliest evidence of regular use of fire?   	2	Neanderthal   	Homo erectus   	Cro-magnon   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#2,031 Which of the following was responsible for the cave art in Europe?   	3	Neanderthal   	Homo erectus   	Cro-Magnon   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#2,032 Which of the following developed the tools of the Acheulian industry?   	4	Cro-Magnon   	Homo habilis   	Neanderthal   	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#2,033 Which of the following was the first form of human to remain in Europe during the onset of a glacial advance?   	2	Homo erectus   	Neanderthal   	Cro-Magnon   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#2,034 Which of the following is generally considered to be the earliest form of human found in association with deliberately manufactured stone tools?  	4	Neanderthal   	Homo erectus   	Cro-Magnon   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#2,035 Which of the following had the widest geographical distribution?    	4	Homo habilis   	Homo erectus   	Neanderthal   	Cro-Magnon   	Australopithecus africanus   	
#2,036 Which of the following posed the greatest threat to the self- image of Victorian Europe?   	5	Cro-magnon   	Homo erectus   	Australopithecus africanus   	Homo habilis   	Neanderthal   	
#2,037 Which of the following developed the punched blade technology?    	2	Homo habilis   	Cro-Magnon   	Homo erectus   	Neanderthal   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#2,038 Which of the following is the most primitive and earliest form of hominid?   	5	Neanderthal   	Homo erectus   	Cro-Magnon   	Homo habilis   	Australopithecus afarensis   	
#2,039 Evidence for cannibalism among Neanderthals    	3	proves how culturally primitive, beastlike, and cruel these people must have been.  	has been found only at one site, suggesting that this was an exceedingly rare event, occurring in one small band.  	often indicates some kind of ritual activity or purpose.   	consists of human bones broken up and tossed aside in association with the bones of other animals, suggesting that Neanderthals saw their own dead as another source of meat. 	usually consists of Cro-Magnon skulls and bones at Neanderthal sites, suggesting that Neanderthals were successful at killing some of the invaders. 	
#2,040 The "percussion technique" refers to    	4	a frequent Neanderthal method of killing game, or occasionally humans, by sharp blows to the head.  	the earliest method of starting fires by striking two rocks to- gether to produce sparks.  	The earliest known form of musical expression:  beating on C. hollow logs with specially shaped wooden sticks.  	the earliest technique used for removing chips of stone from a core to produce a sharp edged tool.  	Neanderthal marriage rituals in which a bride was struck on the head and dragged off by the hair to her new mate's cave.  	
#2,041 Which of the following patterns of remains does your text cite as possible indications that Neanderthals were capable of treating each other with some degree of compassion/social consciousness?  	4	finding the remains of old or crippled individuals who must have been taken care of by other members of their group  	finding masses of flower pollens in a cave burial at Shanidar, Iraq, from plants which are known today to have medicinal properties. 	finding skulls with evidence of hard blows, suggesting that sick or wounded were put out of their misery with a quick death rather than being allowed to suffer. 	A and B above   	all of the above   	
#2,042 Which of the following would be included among the effects of a glacial advance?   	5	a lowering of sea levels around the world   	the creating of long periods of cooler, wetter climates in much of Africa  	the spread of open tundra environment in central and southern Europe  	the movements of vast herds of big game   	all of the above   	
#2,043 "Laurel-leaf" and "Willow-leaf" points are particularly characteristic of which of the following cultures?   	3	Aurignacian   	Acheulian   	Solutrean   	Mousterian   	none of the above--Who ever heard of a point made from a leaf?   	
#2,044 The Magdalenian culture in Europe came to an end because    	4	Neanderthal peoples with more efficient hunting strategies moved into Europe from the south.  	the glacial climate proved too severe to sustain human life.   	farming peoples from the south moved to Europe and took over the best hunting lands of the Magdalenians.  	none of the above   	   	
#2,045 Hand-axes can be described as    	4	bifacial core tools.   	belonging to the Acheulian industry.   	manufactured by the percussion flaking methods.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#10,000 TO THE TIV (OF SHAKESPEARE IN THE BUSH) IT WAS INCONCEIVABLE THAT    	2	A WOMAN WOULD TELL A STORY TO THE MEN   	A CHIEF WOULD HAVE ONLY ONE WIFE   	A MAN WOULD MARRY THE WIFE OF HIS DEAD BROTHER.   	A WOMAN WOULD REMARRY SOON AFTER A HUSBAND'S DEATH.   	   	
#10,001 THE TIV COULD NOT GRASP THE CONCEPT OF A "GHOST" BECAUSE FOR THEM IT IS TRUE THAT   	4	DEAD MEN CAN'T WALK AND SPEAK ON THEIR OWN VOLITION.   	DEAD MEN DON'T CAST SHADOWS.   	THE ONLY"LIFE" AFTER DEATH THAT CAN OCCUR IS THAT C. BODIES CAN BE ANIMATED BY WITCHES.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	NONE OF THE ABOVE--A GHOST IS A GHOST IN ANY CULTURE.   	
#10,002 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF THE STORY OF HAMLET WAS NOT DIFFICULT FOR THE TIV TO ACCEPT AND EXPLAIN?   	3	THAT OPHELIA DROWNED BECAUSE THE WATER PULLED HER DOWN  	THAT HAMLET SHOULD SCOLD HIS MOTHER FOR HER WICKED AND IMMORAL MORAL BEHAVIOR  	THAT HAMLET COULD GO MAD   	THAT A SON WOULD TRY TO AVENGE HIS FATHER'S MURDER   	   	
#10,003 IN "CHRISTMAS IN THE KALAHARI," THE AUTHOR'S REAL MISTAKE WAS    	3	THAT HE COULDN'T TELL A FAT OX FROM A SKINNY ONE.   	THAT HIS CONCEPTION OF WHAT A FAT OX LOOKED LIKE WAS DIFFERENT FROM THE BUSHMEN'S DEFINITION OF A FAT OX.  	THAT HE FELT BOASTFUL ABOUT HIS CHOICE OF AN OX AND HIS OWN GENEROSITY IN SHARING IT.  	NONE OF THE ABOVE--BUSHMEN ARE JUST BASICALLY MALICIOUS AND AND UNGRATEFUL PEOPLE.  	   	
#10,004 THE REASON THE AUTHOR OF "CHRISTMAS IN THE KALAHARI" DID NOT UNDERSTAND THE !KUNG'S REACTIONS TO HIS CHRISTMAS OX WAS   	2	HE HAD NEVER SEEN THEM PUT SOMEBODY DOWN THE WAY THEY WERE TREATING HIM  	HE HAD SEEN THE PUT-DOWNS ON OTHER OCCASIONS, BUT HAD NEVER RECOGNIZED THEM AS A SIGNIFICANT ASPECT OF IKUNG BEHAVIOR  	HE HAD NEVER BEEN WITH THEM AT CHRISTMAS BEFORE, AND DIDN'T KNOW THAT THEY REGARDED THIS AS A SACRED TIME, TO BE OBSERVED BY SILENCE AND FASTING. 	HE WAS UNAWARE THAT THE !KUNG ASSOCIATED THE BLACK COLOR OF THE OX WITH EVIL AND WITCHCRAFT.  	   	
#10,005 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCES OF STATUSES MOST ACCURATELY REFLECTS HER ESKIMO FAMILY'S CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF JEAN BRIGGS?   	2	THEY SAW HER FIRST AS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST,THEN AS GUEST, THEN AS A DAUGHTER.  	...FIRST AS A STRANGER AND GUEST, THEN AS TEACHABLE CHILD, AND THEN AS UNTEACHABLE DEFECTIVE PERSON.  	...FIRST AS GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL, THEN AS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST, AND THEN AS FRIEND.  	...FIRST AS A DAUGHTER, THEN AS A BURDEN, AND FINALLY AS A SERIOUS STUDENT OF THEIR CULTURE.  	...FIRST AS AN UNWELCOME VISITOR, THEN AS A HELPFUL ADDITION TO THE FAMILY, AND FINALLY AS A HELPLESS SIMPLETON.  	
#10,006 WHICH OF JEAN BRIGGS' BEHAVIORS UPSET THE ESKIMO COMMUNITY THE MOST?   	4	HER INABILITY TO DO THE TASKS OF AN ADULT WOMAN   	HER AWKWARDNESS IN SPEAKING THEIR LANGUAGE   	HER PREOCCUPATION WITH HER NOTE-TAKING AND TYPING   	HER FREQUENT EXPRESSIONS OF IRRITATION AND ANGER   	HER CONSTANT PRYING INTO THEIR SACRED CEREMONIAL LIFE   	
#10,007 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS PROVED TO BE PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT FOR JEAN BRIGGS TO DEAL WITH?   	5	FINDING AN ESKIMO FAMILY WILLING TO TAKE A KAPLUNA INTO THEIR HOUSEHOLD  	BEARING THE BRUNT OF HER ESKIMO "FATHER'S" CRITICISM, ANGER, AND OVERT HOSTILITY  	FENDING OFF THE SEXUAL ADVANCES OF ESKIMO MEN, WHO RE- GARDED HER AS AN UNCLAIMED FEMALE AND THEREFORE "FAIR GAME"  	COPING WITH THE COLD, COPING WITH STRANGE FOOD, AND A. LACK OF PRIVACY IN THE CROWDED IGLOO.  	ACCEPTING HER ESKIMO FAMILY'S ROLE EXPECTATION OF HER AS A. "DAUGHTER"  	
#10,008 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST ACCURATE EXAMPLE OF WHAT ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEAN BY THE CONCEPT OF "CULTURE"?   	3	THE CLOTHES YOU WEAR TO SCHOOL   	THE TOOLS YOU USE IN THE ACTIVITY OF GOING TO CLASS: PEN, PAPER, NOTEBOOK, DESK, ETC.  	YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE RULES GOVERNING BEHAVIOR IN THE CLASSROOM WHICH ENABLES YOU TO INTERPRET WHAT IS GOING ON AND TO RESPOND APPROPRIATELY. 	YOUR ABILITY, AS AN EDUCATED PERSON, TO APPRECIATE AND TALK KNOWLEDGEABLY ABOUT FINE ART WORKS AND CLASSICAL MUSIC.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE EQUALLY ACCURATE EXAMPLES OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF "CULTURE."  	
#10,009 AN EXAMPLE OF A CULTURAL RECIPE IS:    	4	GO INTO A PLACE CALLED "DRUG STORE", ASK THE CLERK FOR A BOTTLE OF ASPIRIN, AND PUT A DOLLAR ON THE COUNTER  	MIX TWO POUNDS OF RAISINS, SEVEN POUNDS OF SUGAR, AND ONE CAKE OF YEAST WITH WARM WATER; THEN WAIT 72 HOURS.  	PRESS THE BUTTON MARKED "UP"   	ALL OF THE ABOVE   	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#10,010 A. SYMBOL IS    	5	A SIMPLE PATTERN OR DESIGN.   	A NUMERAL OR LETTER OF THE ALPHABET.   	SOMETHING THAT PRODUCES A FANATICAL RESPONSE.   	ANY REAL OR IDEAL MEANING THAT HAS BEEN ASSIGNED A MANIFEST FUNCTION.   	ANY OBJECT OR EVENT THAT HAS BEEN ASSIGNED MEANING.   	
#10,011 "CULTURAL PREMISES" ARE:    	5	WHAT PEOPLE OF A PARTICULAR CULTURE KNOW TO BE ABOUT A. THE UNIVERSE.  	USUALLY A PART OF PEOPLES'S TACIT, RATHER THAN THEIR EXPLICIT CULTURE.  	A MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTOR IN A PERSON'S ETHNOCENTRIC POINT OF VIEW.  	LAWS OF NATURE WHICH CAN BE PROVEN TO BE TRUE BY RIGOROUS SCIENTIFIC METHOD.  	ALL EXCEPT (D) ABOVE.   	
#10,013 CULTURE SHOCK IS    	2	STUNNED SURPRISE ON THE PART OF NATIVE VILLAGERS WHEN THEY DISCOVER THAT SOMEONE WITH A UNIVERSITY EDUCATION WANTS TO STUDY THEIR WAY OF LIFE. 	A FORM OF ANXIETY THAT RESULTS FROM INTERACTING WITH ALIEN PEOPLE.  	AN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE OCCASIONALLY GIVEN OFF BY THE YEAST CULTURES WHICH NATIVE PEOPLE GROW TO MAKE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.  	THE CONTINUAL SURPRISE AND STIMULATION OF LIVING IN A PREINDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY.  	   	
#10,014 THE PRIMARY GOAL OF ETHNOGRAPHY IS    	2	TO PROVE THAT YOUR OWN WAY OF LIFE IS SUPERIOR TO THAT OF THE PEOPLE YOU ARE STUDYING.  	TO STUDY ONE SOCIETY IN AN ATTEMPT TO DISCOVER HOW MEMBERS OF THAT SOCIETY ASSIGN MEANINGS TO THE OBJECTS AND EVENTS IN THE UNIVERSE. 	TO COMPARE MANY DIFFERENT SOCIETIES, AND TO CLASSIFY THEM ACCORDING TO SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES.  	TO MAKE ACCURATE MAPS OF EACH VILLAGE YOU VISIT ON YOUR TRAVELS ABROAD.  	TO COLLECT LIFE HISTORIES OF OLD PEOPLE FROM OTHER CULTURES BEFORE THEIR MEMORIES OF EARLY DAYS ARE LOST FOREVER.  	
#10,015 Which of the following field techniques were used in the study of Brady's bar?   	5	ethnographic interviewing   	participant observation   	analysis of the "folk taxonomies" of the women who worked at Brady's  	brief life histories or biographical sketches of key informants   	all of the above   	
#10,016 Which of the following problems did Brenda Mann encounter in the process of establishing an identity at Brady's as a cocktail waitress?  	3	"culture shock"--her own reactions to the unfamiliar and strange behaviors she observed  	"native resistance"--the unwillingness of the Brady "society" to accept her into their pattern of life  	"absorption into the native culture"--the attempts of her new co-workers to fully integrate her into the "Brady family" and to discount her other role as anthropologist 	interference from her professor, Spradley, whose insistence on several "debriefing sessions" each week made it more difficult for Brenda to maintain her identity as a waitress 	ethnocentrism--Brenda's own tendency to look down on the regular workers at Brady's and her resentment of her treatment as "just another waitress" 	
#10,017 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRATES AN ETHNOCENTRIC POINT OF VIEW?    	5	THE KALAHARI BUSHMEN'S RESENTMENT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGIST'S REFUSAL TO SHARE HIS TINS OF FOOD.  	THINKING OF THE BARTENDERS AT BRADY'S AS SEXIST PIGS.   	MISSIONARIES SEEKING CONVERTS AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLE WHO "DON'T KNOW ANY BETTER" BUT WHOSE SOULS ARE STILL WORTH SAVING.  	REJECTING AMERICAN MIDDLE CLASS MATERIALISM AND ATTEMPTING TO TAKE ON THE SIMPLE, CO-OPERATIVE, SPONTANEOUS LIFE STYLE OF THE BUSHMEN OR THE PYGMIES. 	ALL OF THE ABOVE INVOLVE AND ILLUSTRATE ETHNOCENTRISM IN ACTION.  	
#10,018 WHICH LANGUAGE RULE BEST HELPS YOU UNDERSTAND WHY YOUR REQUEST FOR TWO DOUBLE SLOE SCREWS DID NOT GET THE SAME BROWN BOTTLES THAT THE MEN AT THE NEXT TABLE GOT WHEN THEY ORDERED SLOE SCREWS?  	2	THE PHONOLOGICAL RULES   	THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC RULES   	THE GRAMMAR RULES   	THE RULES OF SEMANTICS   	NONE OF THE ABOVE--THIS WAS A RANDOM MISTAKE THAT COULD NOT BE PREDICTED THROUGH ANY PATTERNS OF SPEECH USAGE.  	
#10,019 THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE THAT PEOPLE USE TO INTERPRET EXPERIENCE AND TO GENERATE BEHAVIOR IS CALLED:   	1	CULTURE   	ADAPTATION   	FUNCTION   	GENETIC CODE   	ANTHROPOLOGY   	
#10,020 THE TERM THAT ANTHROPOLOGISTS GIVE TO THE VIEW THAT, "REALITY IS PRESENT IN PRETTY MUCH THE SAME FORM TO EVERYONE," IS:   	3	TACIT CULTURE   	EXPLICIT CULTURE   	NAIVE REALISM   	IDEAL CULTURE   	REAL CULTURE   	
#10,021 WHEN ANTHROPOLOGISTS SAY THAT CULTURE IS ARBITRARY, THEY MEAN THAT IT:   	4	IS RANDOMLY CONSTRUCTED   	IS CAPRICIOUS   	IS SYMBOLIC   	CAN DIVIDE UP THE SAME THINGS IN DIFFERENT WAYS  	CAN NOT BE SHARED   	
#10,022 THE FACT THAT AMERICAN POW'S IN VIETNAM USED A 5-ROW AND 5-COLUMN TAP CODE, BUT COULD AS EASILY HAVE ASSIGNED NUMBERS TO PARTICULAR LETTERS, ILLUSTRATES THE FACT THAT CULTURE IS:  	5	TACIT   	EXPLICIT   	IDEAL   	REAL   	ARBITRARY   	
#10,023 ACCORDING TO SUBANUN CULTURE, DEMONS, RAW-FOOD-EATING GODS MEDIUMS, ASSISTANTS, AND SOULS (IN THE CONTEXT OF A CEREMONIAL OFFERING) ARE ALL:  	1	PERSONS   	MYTHS   	SPIRITS   	FUNCTIONS   	NAIVE REALISTS   	
#10,024 ANY GROUP OF OBJECTS, PERSONS, ACTIVITIES, OR EVENTS, THAT PEOPLE TREAT AS IF THEY WERE EQUIVALENT IS CALLED:   	5	NAIVE REALISM   	A SYMBOLIC CODE   	AN EXPERIENCE   	AN ARBITRARY SYSTEM   	A CATEGORY   	
#10,025 PART OF THE JIVARO CULTURAL RECIPE FOR CULTIVATING MANIOC IS TO HARVEST THE TUBERS EARLY IN THE MORNING. THEY DO THIS BECAUSE OF THEIR BELIEF THAT:  	4	TUBERS, IF HARVESTED IN THE MORNING, WILL MAKE STRONGER, TASTIER BEER  	TUBERS DANCE BETWEEN THE ROWS OF PLANTS AT NIGHT  	NUNUI SPIRITS ARE OFFENDED WHEN TUBERS ARE COLLECTED DURING THE DAY  	TUBERS GROW AT NIGHT AND SHRINK DURING THE DAY  	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#10,026 TO TRAMPS, "JUNKING", "MAKING THE BLOOD BANK", AND " "MEETING A LIVE ONE" ARE ALL WAYS TO:   	3	FLOP   	BEAT A DRUNK CHARGE   	MAKE IT   	BECOME A MISSION STIFF   	AVOID THE BULLS   	
#10,027 ALTHOUGH TRAMPS DO NOT KNOW IT, ONE CONSEQUENCE OF MAKING A RUN IS TO STRENGTHEN THE BONDS THAT LINK TRAMPS TO- GETHER. THIS SORT OF CONSEQUENCE IS CALLED:  	3	TACIT CULTURE   	A TACIT FUNCTION   	A LATENT FUNCTION   	A MANIFEST FUNCTION   	ENCULTURATION   	
#10,028 "MAKING A RUN  SERVES TO PROVIDE TRAMPS WITH SOMETHING TO DRINK," IS A CONSEQUENCE RECOGNIZED BY TRAMPS THEM- SELVES. ANTHROPOLOGISTS REFER TO THIS KIND OF FUNCTION AS:  	1	A MANIFEST FUNCTION   	A LATENT FUNCTION   	A CULTURAL POSTULATE   	ENCULTURATION   	TACIT CULTURE   	
#10,029 BHIL VILLAGERS TOSSED A BUNDLE OF COLORED STRINGS OVER A SACRED FIRE 12 TIMES INSTEAD OF THE PRESCRIBED 9, BECAUSE:   	3	THE CATTLE WERE DYING   	THEY WERE NOT SUPPOSED TO FOLLOW THE RITUAL EXACTLY  	THEY WERE DRUNK AND LOST COUNT   	THE STRINGS WERE LESS PURE THAN USUAL   	12 IS A MORE SACRED NUMBER THAN 9 IN ANCIENT INDIA  	
#10,030 THE SHARED CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE  THAT PEOPLE DO NOT OR CANNOT TALK ABOUT IS CALLED:   	1	TACIT CULTURE   	EXPLICIT CULTURE   	IDEAL CULTURE   	REAL CULTURE   	ILLICIT CULTURE   	
#10,031 THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF CULTURE IS:    	3	CATEGORIZATION   	ENCULTURATION   	ADAPTATION   	DEFENSE   	OFFENSE   	
#10,032 A. MANIFEST FUNCTION IS A FUNCTION THAT:    	2	PEOPLE RECOGNIZE, BUT CANNOT EXPRESS   	PEOPLE RECOGNIZE AND CAN EXPRESS   	PEOPLE DO NOT RECOGNIZE AND CANNOT EXPRESS   	THE ANTHROPOLOGIST RECOGNIZES AND CAN EX- PRESS, BUT THAT THE PEOPLE BEING STUDIED ARE NOT AWARE OF  	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#10,033 TO A TRAMP, A STAIRWELL HAS THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF:    	3	A JUG   	A BUCKET   	A FLOP   	A LIVE ONE   	A BULL PEN OK  	
#10,034 THE ETHNOGRAPHIC APPROACH FOCUSES ON:    	1	THE MEANING THAT OBJECTS AND EVENTS HAVE FOR THE MEMBERS OF A SOCIETY  	MAKING MAPS   	THE TRUE NATURE OF OBJECTS AND EVENTS AS MEA- SURED SCIENTIFICALLY AND OBJECTIVELY BY A DETACHED OBSERVER  	THE ART, TEXTILES, ARCHITECTURE, AND GRAPHICS OF NATIVE PEOPLES  	THE WAY PEOPLE PERCEIVE HOW TO GET FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER  	
#10,035 THE YANOMAMO OF VENEZUELA COMMUNICATE WITH SPIRITS OF THE LOWER WORLD BY:   	3	FASTING AND PRAYING   	ENGAGING IN SOLITARY VIGILS ON LONELY MOUN- TAIN TOPS  	BLOWING GREEN POWDER UP EACH OTHER'S NOSES   	ENGAGING IN RITUAL CLUB FIGHTING   	USING A COMPLEX CODE DRUMMED OUT ON HOLLOW LOGS  	
#10,036 CULTURE SHOCK MAY BE DEFINED AS:    	3	A CROSS-CULTURAL MISUNDERSTANDING   	THE FEELING THAT YOUR OWN CULTURE IS BEST   	A FORM OF ANXIETY THAT OCCURS WHEN ONE IS RE- QUIRED TO INTERACT WITH OTHERS IN A CROSS-CULTURAL SITUATION  	THE PROCESS OF DISCOVERING, CLASSIFYING, COM- PARING, AND EXPLAINING A CULTURE  	THE IMPACT ON ONE SOCIETY OF CULTURE BORROWED FROM ANOTHER  	
#10,037 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE FIELDWORK INCLUDE:    	4	ETHNOLOGY, CULTURE SHOCK, ETHNOCENTRISM   	ETHNOCENTRISM, ETHNOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION   	ETHNOCENTRISM, CROSS-CULTURAL MISUNDER- STANDING, CLASSIFICATION  	CROSS-CULTURAL MISUNDERSTANDING, ETHNOCENTRISM, CULTURE SHOCK  	CROSS-CULTURAL MISUNDERSTANDING, ETHNOLOGY, AND ETHNOGRAPHY  	
#10,038 THE MIXTURE OF FEELING AND BELIEF THAT YOUR OWN WAY OF LIFE IS DESIREABLE AND ACTUALLY SUPERIOR TO OTHERS IS CALLED:   	5	CROSS-CULTURAL MISUNDERSTANDING   	ESTABLISHING AN IDENTITY IN THE FIELD   	ETHNOLOGICAL COMPARISON   	CULTURE SHOCK   	ETHNOCENTRISM   	
#10,040 AN AMERICAN CLAIMS THAT THE LIFE-STYLE OF ANOTHER GROUP OF PEOPLE IS MORE "NATURAL" AND "HUMAN" THAN THAT OF HIS OWN SO- CIETY. HE IS EXPRESSING:  	3	CULTURE SHOCK   	CROSS-CULTURAL MISUNDERSTANDING   	INVERTED ETHNOCENTRISM   	ETHNOCENTRISM   	A HONEYMOON STAGE   	
#10,041 CLASSIFICATION, COMPARISON, AND EXPLANATION ARE ALL STEPS IN:   	5	FIELDWORK   	ETHNOGRAPHY   	CULTURE SHOCK   	ETHNOCENTRISM   	ETHNOLOGY   	
#10,042 IN CONTRAST TO ETHNOGRAPHY, ETHNOLOGY FOCUSES ON:    	1	TWO OR MORE CULTURES   	A SINGLE CULTURE   	NON-WESTERN CULTURES ONLY   	FIELD RESEARCH TECHNIQUES   	HUMAN CUSTOMS   	
#10,043 THE GREEN POWDER THAT YANOMAMO MEN BLOW UP ONE ANOTHER'S NOSES ON SOME OCCASIONS:   	2	IS A FORM OF TOBACCO   	ENABLES THEM TO SEE AND COMMUNICATE WITH SPIRITS  	IS TAKEN TO MAKE THEM MORE FIERCE   	IS USED TO SETTLE DISPUTES   	IS A FORM OF HAZING DIRECTED AT BOYS WHEN THEY ARE INITIATED INTO MANHOOD  	
#10,044 WHEN TRAMPS ANSWER THE QUESTION "WHERE DO YOU LIVE?" WITH "I DON'T HAVE A PLACE TO STAY," THEY ARE:   	5	LYING   	GIVING FOLK CONCEPTS   	GIVING ANALYTICAL CONCEPTS   	TRYING TO MISLEAD THE ETHNOGRAPHER   	TRANSLATING   	
#10,045 IN RELATION TO THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF OTHER CULTURES, TERMS LIKE "CULTURE", "SYMBOL", AND "LATENT FUNCTION" ARE:  	1	ANALYTICAL CONCEPTS   	FOLK CONCEPTS   	PARTICIPANT OBSERVATIONS   	TRANSLATION COMPETENCE   	CASE STUDIES   	
#10,046 THE GENEALOGICAL METHOD, THE LIFE HISTORY METHOD, AND PRO- JECTIVE TESTING ARE ALL WAYS TO:   	4	ESTABLISH RAPPORT   	DISCOVER ANALYTICAL CONCEPTS   	DO ETHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS   	DO ETHNOGRAPHY   	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#10,049 JAR TALK, SETTLING LEGAL DISPUTES, AND "VERBAL ART" ARE ALL ASSOCIATED WITH:   	3	DRINKING AT BRADY'S BAR   	TRANSLATION COMPETENCE   	SUBANUN DRINKING   	SENTENCE ANALYSIS   	TRAMP DRINKING ENCOUNTERS   	
#10,050 IN THE ARTICLE, "YOU'VE GOTTA HAVE 'WA'", WHAT IS 'WA'?    	2	THE JAPANESE WORD FOR COURAGE AND DETERMINATION TO WIN   	THE JAPANESE CONCEPT OF HARMONY WITHIN A TEAM OR GROUP   	THE JAPANESE CONCEPT OF THE WATCHFUL PROTECTIVE EYE OF THE ANCESTORS  	A JAPANESE CHEER OF APPROVAL, LIKE AN ENGLISH "HOORAY!"   	JAPANESE MONEY   	
#10,051 WHEN AMERICANS PLAY BASEBALL IN JAPAN, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING JAPANESE CUSTOMS DO THEY (THE AMERICANS) FIND MOST DIFFICULT TO ACCEPT?   	3	THE WAY THE JAPANESE HAVE CHANGED THE ACTUAL PLAYING RULES OF THE GAME  	THE TEMPER TANTRUMS WHICH ONLY JAPANESE STAR PLAYERS ARE ALLOWED TO GET BY WITH  	THE UNQUESTIONING SUBMISSION OF ALL PLAYERS TO THE AUTHORITY OF THE MANAGERS OF THE BASEBALL TEAMS  	THE REQUIRED PERIOD OF PRAYER AND CHANTING BEFORE EACH GAME AND BETWEEN INNINGS  	ALL OF THE ABOVE CREATE SEVERE PROBLEMS OF ADJUSTMENT FOR AMERICAN PLAYERS ON JAPANESE TEAMS  	
#10,052 JAPANESE-STYLE BASEBALL REFLECTS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BASIC ATTITUDES ABOUT THE GAME?   	5	INDIVIDUALS DESERVE TO BE REWARDED ACCORDING TO HOW WELL THEY PERFORM  	WINNING THE GAME, ANYWAY YOU CAN, IS OBVIOUSLY WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT PLAYING IT  	INDIVIDUAL PLAYERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DESIGNING THEIR OWN WORK-OUTS AND PRACTICES, SO THAT THEY WILL BE AT THEIR BEST IN THE GAMES 	THE POINT OF THE GAME IS TO "GET OUT THERE AND HAVE SOME FUN", SO A RELAXED AND PLAYFUL SPIRIT OF CAMARADERIE IS D. ENCOURAGED 	NONE OF THE ABOVE ARE CHARACTERISTICALLY JAPANESE APPROACHES TO THE GAME OF BASEBALL  	
#10,053 THE JAPANESE VALUE PLACED ON "WA" IS REFLECTED IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAYS IN JAPANESE-STYLE BASEBALL?   	5	ALL PLAYERS GO THROUGH THE SAME WORK-OUT ROUTINES TOGETHER   	ALL PLAYERS RECEIVE CLOSE TO THE SAME SALARIES   	THE COACHES AND MANAGERS MAKE ALL THE DECISIONS   	PLAYERS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO CRITICIZE THE MANAGERS   	ALL OF THE ABOVE   	
#10,054 According to Horace Miner in "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," which of the following is a central cultural premise underlying their complex ritual behavior?  	2	A basic underlying trust that nature and the natural state of things, left undisturbed by humans, confers all blessings upon their lives. 	A pervading assumption that the human body and all its natural functions are ugly or disgusting with an inevitable tendency to decay.  	A pervading and joyous glorification of all the natural attributes of humanness which, as gifts from the gods, are to be publically celebrated. 	A deep-seated conviction that physical pain is not only uncomfortable but against their diety's wishes for them; pain and discomfort must thus be avoided in every way possible. 	   	
#10,055 The Nacirema have particularly strong beliefs and (according to the author) perverse ritual customs surrounding which part of their bodies   	1	their mouths   	their eyes   	their hair   	their feet   	their stomachs   	
#10,056 The household shrines of the Nacirema usually contain which of the following sacred items?   	4	Statues or painted representations of each household's ancestors for three generations back.  	A special seating place for each separate member of the household, ritually taboo for any other household member to occupy, lest they steal the seat-owner's soul. 	A circle of chairs around the central platform, where the family priest stands as he leads the whole household through their communal rites of purification. 	A charmbox containing all the magical powders and potions that have helped household members through past illnesses.  	A large tub in which grows the household's sacred tree, the health and growth of which is mystically tied to the health and growth of the family. 	
#10,057 Which of the many religious practitioners of the Nacirema relies the LEAST on complex ritual paraphernalia and compulsive ritual behaviors?   	3	the "holy-mouth-men"   	the vestal maidens of the latipso temple   	the "listeners" or witch-doctors   	the "medicine men"   	   	
#10,058 In the acticle called "Participant-Observation on a Motocycle," which of the following behaviors would be examples of ethnocentrism on the anthropologist's part?  	4	Speaking to the other motorcyclist in English.   	Going over to apologize to the other motorcyclist.   	Slowing down before making a right-hand turn.   	All of the above behaviors were based on ethnocentric assumptions/ habits of the author's.  	None of the above were ethnocentric-there were all obviously normal and natural things for a person to do in an encounter such as this.  	
#10,059 The motorcycle accident described in the article "Participant-observation on a Motorcycle" happened in   	2	Burma   	Thailand   	India   	Taiwan   	China   	
#10,060 According to the article, "Participant-Observation on a Motorcycle", the culturally appropriate or customary way to respond to a traffic accident such as this was:  	5	to call the police right away, while the people involved and witnesses waited at the scene.  	to call an ambulance right away, while witnesses did their best to keep the injured cyclists lying still.  	for the two drivers, if not injured too badly, to get up, introduce themselves to each other, and get the necessary insurance company information. 	All of the above steps were followed in this incident.   	None of the above steps were taken in this case, nor did any of them seem to be expected by the local police.  	
#10,061 According to the article, "Participant-Observation on a Motorcycle," which of the following seemed to be the culturally appropriate way to respond to an accident such as this?  	1	Spontaneous groups of supporters of the two injured cyclists negotiated an "agreement" on their behalf to consider the damages equal and not worth pressing charges. 	The two injured parties were urged by onlookers to apologize profusely to each other for their carelessness, and to express great concern for the well-being of the other. 	The excited onlookers, clearly enjoying the drama, encouraged the two C. angry cyclists to engage in a shouting match of accusations and insults, stopping them just short of a physical fight. 	The two cyclists were both arrested by the local police for driving without licenses, and were brought to police headquarters to pay their fines. 	Both cyclists found they had to bribe the policemen who arrived at the scene, in order to avoid arrest for driving recklessly and without licenses. 	
#10,062 The anthropologist who got involved in the motorcycle accident was in the field in order to study which of the following?   	5	The role of "the authorities", especially the police, in the lives of ordinary citizens.  	Informal processes of dispute settlement.   	Neighborhood groups in the cultural geography of large cities.   	Regional variations in language usage.   	The article doesn't ever say what, in particular, he went there to study.  	
#10,065 How was Napolean Chagnon greeted when he first arrived at a Yanomamo village to begin his field work?   	2	The children all swarmed around him instantly, begging for handouts and laughing at his funny clothing  	The men stood at the entrance to the village, pointing spears at him while the dogs nipped at his legs.  	While the others watched, the headman of the village approached him alone and challenged him to a chest-pounding duel.  	The headman approached him and invited him to come recline in his (the headman's) hammock as an honored guest.  	He arrived in the middle of some kind of feast, and was enthusiasti- E. cally pulled in to join the festivities.  	
#10,066 The green powder Yanomamo men occasionally blow up each other's noses    	3	is a form of tobacco or snuff, which is their version of smoking   	is taken to make them more fierce   	enables them to see and communicate with the spirits of their world   	is "taken medicinally" to relieve the pains caused by their frequent injuries.  	is "taken recreationally" to temporarily escape the boredom and hopelessness of their lives  	
#10,067 How did the shaman, Dedeheiwa, react to Chagnon's presence among the Yanomamo?   	5	Dedeheiwa evidently felt his position in the village was threatened by the stranger, Chagnon, and so he consistently attempted to turn the villagers against Chagnon. 	Dedeheiwa, as a healer, was fascinated by the strange and powerful medicines Chagnon has brought with him, so he spent alot of time with Chagnon trying to learn as much as he could. 	Dedeheiwa remained suspicious of Chagnon: although he never actually threatened Chagnon, he kept a watchful eye on his activities from a "safe distance". 	Dedeheiwa tolerated Chagnon's presence, but was so busy with his own healing rituals that he paid little attention to the stranger D 	Dedeheiwa became a caring friend to Chagnon, and an excellant informant, anxious to teach Chagnon all he could about Yanomamo religion. 	
#10,068 As Chagnon was to learn, according to Yanomamo belief, the only way one can be sent to their version of Hell after death is by being   	4	cowardly in life.   	aggressive or violent in life.   	too proud or arrogant in life.   	stingy in life.   	distrespectful to the spirits of the forest.   	
#10,069 Yanomamo myths of origin and culture heroes tend to emphasize themes related to   	3	the fertility of the soil   	the unquestioned authority of clan ancestors   	the fierceness or combative aggressiveness of men   	problems of good versus evil in the world   	the balance and interplay of male and female essences or elements in the funtioning of the universe  	
#10,070 When Chagnon studied the Yanomamo, which of the following ethical considerations did he seem most concerned about?   	5	whether or not to intervene when he saw men beating their wives, or little boys hitting little girls  	whether or not to take drugs with them   	the discomfort he caused them by invading their privacy, asking personal questions  	that the Venezuelan government might use his studies in ways that would harm the Yanomamo or threaten their life style  	the effects that the tools and gifts he brought in from the outside might have on their cultural patterns  	
#10,080 According to the "Yellow Woman...." article, which of the following have been LEAST likely to happen in (or least characteristic of) traditional "old days" Laguna Pueblo culture?  	4	a married woman having a lover   	a woman getting pregnant before marriage   	a man doing basket-making or weaving   	a clear distinction being made between men's work and women's work  	a man dressing as a woman   	
#10,081 In the article by Leslie Marmon Silko, who is Yellow Woman?    	5	her favorite aunt   	her grandmother Lily's "Indian name"   	the Mother Creator in Laguna religious belief   	herself--the name she goes by in the Pueblo   	her favorite character in her people's "old stories"   	
#10,082 In traditional ("old days") Laguna Pueblo culture, women were most admired for   	3	their physical beauty or elegance   	their gracefulness in movement, especially as dancers in the sacred ceremonies  	their strength and sturdiness   	their gentleness and steadiness of temperament   	their skill and artistry in the valued crafts of weaving, basketry, and other handwork  	
#10,083 Leslie Marmon Silko particularly admired Yellow Woman for    	1	her courage and sensuality   	her devotion to her family   	her wisdom and creative imagination   	her beauty   	her ability to communicate with animals and plants   	
#11,001 MOST PRIMATE SPECIES SHARE:    	2	A TWO-CHAMBERED HEART   	SOCIAL ADAPTATION   	LIFE IN THE OPEN, GRASSY SAVANNA   	MONOGAMOUS SEXUAL PAIRING   	SEXUAL EQUALITY   	
#11,002 THE SYSTEMATIC BEHAVIOR THAT OCCURS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PEOPLE IS CALLED:   	4	SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS   	SOCIAL STRUCTURE   	STATUS   	SOCIAL INTERACTION   	ROLE   	
#11,003 A. SOCIETY'S CULTURALLY DEFINED PARTS, AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEM IS CALLED:   	5	STATUS   	ROLE   	SOCIAL INTERACTION   	SOCIAL SITUATION   	SOCIAL STRUCTURE   	
#11,004 AN EXAMPLE OF AN ASCRIBED STATUS IS:    	4	PH.D.   	BISHOP   	PUNK ROCKER   	SON   	PRESIDENT, RAMBLERS MOTORCYCLE CLUB   	
#11,005 AN EXAMPLE OF AN ACHIEVED STATUS IS:    	2	DAUGHTER   	BUILDING CUSTODIAN   	CHILD   	FEMALE   	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#11,006 AN ACHIEVED STATUS MIGHT BE BASED ON WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING?   	3	AGE   	KINSHIP   	WEALTH   	CASTE RANK   	SEX   	
#11,007 THE CULTURALLY DEFINED POSITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A PARTI- CULAR SOCIAL STRUCTURE ARE CALLED:   	2	ROLES   	STATUSES   	RANKS   	SOCIAL SITUATIONS   	SOCIAL GROUPS   	
#11,008 SEA LIONS, EATERS, HENS, AND KILLER WHALES ARE ALL KINDS OF:    	4	KWAKIUTL SUPERNATURAL BEINGS   	SUBANUN SUPERNATURAL BEINGS   	TRAMP STATUSES   	KWAKIUTL STATUSES   	KWAKIUTL ROLES   	
#11,009 IN WINTER CEREMONIALS, SOME KWAKIUTL INDIANS, THE SEALS, WERE SUPPOSED TO GO TO THE WOODS AND BLOW SACRED WHISTLES TO SIMULATE THE VOICES OF SPIRITS.  RULES GUIDING SUCH BEHAVIOR REPRESENTS:  	1	ROLE   	STATUS   	SOCIAL SITUATION   	SOCIAL GROUP   	SOCIAL REWARD   	
#11,010 SOCIAL SITUATIONS ARE:    	2	THE CULTURALLY DEFINED POSITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A PARTICULAR SOCIETY  	THE SETTINGS IN WHICH SOCIAL INTERACTION OCCURS   	THE CULTURALLY GENERATED BEHAVIOR ASSOCIATED WITH STATUSES  	CULTURALLY ORGANIZED AGGREGATES OF PEOPLE   	RELATIVE RANK IN RELATION TO OTHERS   	
#11,011 THE KWAKIUTL WINTER CEREMONIAL IS AN EXAMPLE OF:    	4	A SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP   	A SOCIAL GROUP   	A ROLE   	A SOCIAL SITUATION   	A STATUS   	
#11,012 SOCIAL SITUATIONS CONSIST OF A COMBINATION OF CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE:   	5	TIMES   	PLACES   	OBJECTS   	EVENTS   	ALL OF THE ABOVE   	
#11,013 "STATUS", AS USED IN ANTHROPOLOGY, REFERS TO:    	3	A HIGH PLACE IN A SOCIAL HIERARCHY   	A SET OF BEHAVIORS EXPECTED OF YOU IN A SPECIFIC SOCIAL SITUATION  	A CULTURALLY DEFINED POSITION ASSOCIATED WITH A. PARTICULAR SOCIAL STRUCTURE  	A PERSON WHO TAKES ON A. PARTICULAR JOB, SUCH AS THAT OF PRESIDENT OF U.S.A.  	A SYMBOL OF SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC SUCCESS   	
#11,014 THE PRIMARY ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN A UNILINEAL SOCIETY WOULD BE ON THE BASIS OF:   	4	AGE   	SEX   	TERRITORY   	KINSHIP   	COMMON GOALS AND INTERESTS   	
#11,018 IN "KAPLUNA DAUGHTER", JEAN BRIGGO AND HER ESKIMO "FATHER" HAD DIFFERENT IDEAS ABOUT HOW A DAUGHTER SHOULD BEHAVE.  THIS IS BEST SEEN AS AN EXAMPLE OF:  	2	CULTURAL RELATIVISM   	INTERPERSONAL ROLE CONFLICT   	A SOCIAL SITUATION   	INTRAPERSONAL ROLE CONFLICT   	ACHIEVED STATUSES   	
#11,019 IN "KAPLUNA DAUGHTER", WHEN JEAN BRIGGS HAD DIFFICULTY IN BEING AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF THE ESKIMO FAMILY WHILE TRYING ALSO TO GET HER RESEARCH DONE, SHE WAS EXPERIENCING:  	1	INTRAPERSONAL ROLE CONFLICT   	STATUS HIERARCHY   	A SOCIAL SITUATION   	TACIT CULTURE   	INTERPERSONAL ROLE CONFLICT   	
#11,020 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD ILLUSTRATE WHAT ANTHROPOLOGISTS CALL A "SOCIAL SITUATION"?   	5	A CHURCH POTLUCK   	A TIV STORY-TELLING SESSION   	A T.V. NEWS CREW FILMING A LOCAL EVENT   	THE KWAKIUTL WINTER CEREMONIAL   	ALL OF THE ABOVE HAVE THE NECESSARY CHARACTERISTICS TO QUALIFY AS "SOCIAL SITUATIONS"  	
#11,021 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WERE THE TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES OF STATUSES INVOLVED IN THE KWAKIUTL WINTER CEREMONIALS?   	5	MEN AND WOMEN   	WHALES AND WHALERS   	HENS AND CROWS   	DANCERS AND SINGERS   	SEALS AND SPARROWS   	
#11,022 IN THE KWAKIUTL WINTER CEREMONIALS, MUCH OF THE RITUAL ACTIVITY REVOLVED AROUND   	3	PURIFYING YOUNG GIRLS WHO HAD JUST REACHED PUBERTY   	MOURNING THE LOSS OF SUMMER AND ITS BOUNTY   	INITIATING YOUNG BOYS INTO BECOMING CANNIBALS   	CELEBRATING THE END OF ONE YEAR AND THE BIRTH OR BEGINNING OF THE NEXT YEAR  	CHOOSING  THE MEN WHO WOULD HOLD THE MOST IMPORTANT POLITICAL OFFICES FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR  	
#11,023 IN THE KWAKIUTL WINTER CEREMONIALS, AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR THE PEOPLE OCCUPYING STATUSES OF SEALS WAS TO   	2	ORGANIZE EACH EVENING'S EVENTS   	KEEP THE SECRETS OF THE SEASON   	LEAD THE HUNTS FOR SEALS AND SEA LIONS   	RESTORE GROUP HARMONY BY SETTLING DISPUTES THAT HAD DEVELOPED DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS  	ORGANIZE THE SEINE BOATS FOR THE DAILY FISHING EXPEDITIONS   	
#11,024 AMONG THE MAE ENGA OF NEW GUINEA (FROM CH. 14), THE MOST CENTRAL PRINCIPLE FOR ORGANIZING THEIR SOCIAL GROUPS WAS  	4	HIERARCHY   	AGE   	KINSHIP   	SEX   	SKILLS   	
#11,025 THE MAIN PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIZATION THAT WOULD BE USED IN FORMING A CLUB AT L.C.C. (SUCH AS "YOUNG REPUBLICANS" OR "INTERNATIONAL STUDENT CLUB") WOULD BE THAT OF:  	3	SEX   	AGE   	COMMON INTEREST   	HIERARCHY   	KINSHIP   	
#11,026 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS WOULD BE THE CLEAREST EXAMPLE OF BEING IN INTRA-PERSONAL ROLE CONFLICT?  	2	YOU THINK YOUR FRIEND SHOULD LEND YOU SOME MONEY AND YOUR FRIEND THINKS THAT BORROWING AND LENDING WILL RUIN THE  FRIENDSHIP 	YOU HAVE A BIG TEST TO STUDY FOR TOMORROW AND YOUR PARENTS WANT YOU TO SPEND A PEACEFUL FAMILY EVENING WITH THEM TONIGHT  	YOUR TEACHER REQUIRES CLASS ATTENDANCE AND YOU FIGURE ATTENDANCE SHOULD BE LEFT UP TO STUDENTS TO HANDLE AS THEY SEE  FIT 	YOUR BOSS EXPECTS YOU TO MAKE THE COFFEE AND CLEAN UP THE  CUPS AND YOU DON'T RECALL THAT CHORE AS BEING INCLUDED IN YOUR  JOB DESCRIPTION 	YOU AND YOUR WIFE BOTH HAVE FULL-TIME JOBS.  YOU EXPECT HER TO STAY HOME WHEN YOUR CHILD IS SICK, AND SHE THINKS THE TWO OF  YOU SHOULD TAKE TURNS MISSING DAYS AT WORK. 	
#11,027 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF INTRA-PERSONAL  ROLE CONFLICT?   	5	BEING A WIFE AND A MOTHER   	BEING A SON AND A HUSBAND   	BEING A STUDENT AND A PARENT   	BEING AN EMPLOYER OF A FRIEND   	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE SITUATIONS IN WHICH A PERSON WOULD, OR EASILY COULD BE, IN INTRA-PERSONAL ROLE CONFLICT  	
#11,028 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE THE BEST EXAMPLE OF  INTER-PERSONAL ROLE CONFLICT?  	1	AS A HOUSEGUEST, YOU EXPECT TO HELP YOUR HOST/HOSTESS CLEAN UP THE DINNER DISHES; YOUR HOST FAMILY IS OFFENDED AT THIS INSULT  TO THEIR HOSPITALITY 	YOUR DAUGHTER IS IN THE ANTHROPOLOGY CLASS YOU ARE TEACHING --AND SHE'S FAILING THE CLASS!  	AS A GOOD AMERICAN FATHER, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO BE BOTH AN "AUTHORITY FIGURE" AND A "PAL" TO YOUR 7-YEAR-OLD SON  	YOU, A SINGLE PARENT, HAVE TO TAKE THREE DAYS OFF OF WORK TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR SICK CHILD  	AS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST "IN THE FIELD", YOU WANT TO BECOME GOOD FRIENDS WITH THE PEOPLE YOU'RE STAYING WITH--AND KEEP YOUR PROFESSIONAL OBJECTIVITY AS YOU REPORT ON THEIR BEHAVIORS 	
#11,029 In the Pakistani Punjab village described in "Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief", the villagers consider which of the following to be the primary drives and desires which motivate men?  	2	"wine, women, and song", a sense that life is " a gift" to be celebrated and enjoyed.  	"women, wealth, and land", a sense that possession of these three is the mark of a successful life.  	"winning, wealth, and worship", a sense that one must combine piety and agressiveness to achieve a successful life.  	"poverty, peity, and poetry", a sense that the true riches which mark a life as successful are of the spirit, not of the material world. 	   	
#11,030 Richard Kurin, the author of "Doctor. Lawyer, Indian Chief", had trouble finding and then being accepted into a Punjabi village because , in villagers eyes, he occupied which of the following statuses? 	5	status of elite city-dweller   	status of spy   	status of fool, ignorant dolt.   	status of shameless infidel.   	Richard was perceived at one time or another as occupying all of these "non-belonging" statuses.  	
#11,031 In the article, "Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief", how did the Punjabi villagers indicate their unwillingness to recognize the author as occupying the status of "full person"?  	3	They would not allow him to wear their kind of traditional dress.  	They spoke to him in a manner appropriate for talking to children, which is insulting when directed at adults.  	They refused to address him or refer to him by his name.   	They insisted on using the most formal forms of their language when they talked to him, thus expressing the social distance they perceived between themselves and Richard. 	   	
#11,032 In the article, "Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief", what was the status that first granted the author some measure of respect on the part of the villagers?  	2	the status of "nice person", genuinely trying to learn village customs.  	the status of "teacher" someone who really did have some useful knowledge and skills.  	the status of "doctor", someone who could cure all ailments.   	the status of "missionary", a man of religious faith and devotion.  	the status of "honest person", someone who was willing to confess that he had come to spy on them.  	
#11,033 In the article, " doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief", how did the author finally estabish his right to be a full person and member of the village community?  	3	by being willing to take the villagers teasing and criticism without getting angry.  	by teaching Enlish to the young children of the village, thus deemonstrating that he did have some intelligence.  	by being able to demonstrate that he must be a member of one of the main kinship groups in the village.  	by setting up a medical service and taking on an identity as a doctor.  	by helping villagers in some court cases and land disputes, E. thus taking on an identity as a lawyer.  	
#11,034 In the article, "Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief", during the first weeks of the author's stay in the Punjabi village, how did the villagers indicate that they had not yet granted him the status of "full person"  	4	They housed him at the edge of the village, both literally and symbolically, keeping him at a distance.  	They refused to speak to him in their own language, insisting that he always use an interpreter.  	They refused to allow him to watch any of their religious rituals.   	They refused to call him by his name, referring to him always as "the Englishman."  	They refused to let him into their own homes, insisting that he conduct all his interview in public.  	
#11,501 THE PRIMARY ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN A UNILINEAL SOCIETY WOULD BE ON THE BASIS OF   	4	SEX   	AGE   	TERRITORY   	KINSHIP   	COMMON GOALS AND INTERESTS   	
#11,502 IN A MATRILINEAL SOCIETY, THE ROLE OF "MOTHER'S BROTHER" IS OFTEN MOST SIMILAR TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?   	1	THE ROLE OF "FATHER" IN A PATRILINEAL SOCIETY   	THE ROLE OF "MOTHER'S BROTHER" IN OUR OWN SOCIETY   	THE ROLE OF "GRANDFATHER" IN OUR OWN SOCIETY   	THE ROLE OF "MOTHER'S BROTHER" IN A PATRILINEAL SOCIETY  	THE ROLE OF "FRIEND" OR "PAL" IN ANY SOCIETY   	
#11,503 A. MAJOR LATENT FUNCTION OF THE RULES OF EXOGAMY IS PROBABLY   	2	TO PREVENT INCEST FROM OCCURRING   	TO FORCE KIN GROUPS TO CREATE MARRIAGE TIES, AND THEREFORE TIES OF MUTUAL OBLIGATION WITH OTHER GROUPS, THUS CONTRIBUTING TO THE INTEGRATION OF SOCIETY. 	TO PROVIDE SOCIETY WITH CONVENIENT SCAPEGOATS--NAMELY THE INDIVIDUALS WHO BREAK AN EXOGAMY RULE.  	TO MAINTAIN TRIBAL OR ETHNIC OR RACIAL PURITY BY LIMITING MARRIAGE TO "ONE'S OWN KIND."  	TO ENSURE THAT WEALTH STAYS IN THE FAMILY, AND COULD NOT BE CLAIMED BY SOMEONE FROM ANOTHER KIN GROUP.  	
#11,504 THE BHIL OF INDIA PRACTICE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC RULES REGARDING PERMISSABLE OR PREFERENTIAL MARRIAGE PARTNERS?  	3	CLAN ENDOGAMY   	VILLAGE ENDOGAMY   	TRIBAL ENDOGAMY   	TRIBAL EXOGAMY   	CASTE EXOGAMY   	
#11,505 A. BHIL BRIDE MAY HAVE A RELAXED JOKING AFFECTIONATE RELATIONSHIP WITH WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE?   	3	HER FATHER-IN-LAW, WHO HAS NOW BECOME A SECOND FATHER TO HER  	HER HUSBAND, WHOM SHE HAS USUALLY KNOWN SINCE CHILDHOOD BUT WAS UNABLE TO SHOW AFFECTION TOWARDS UNTIL SAFELY MARRIED TO HIM.  	HER HUSBAND'S YOUNGER BROTHER, WHO WOULD MARRY HER IF HER HUSBAND WERE TO DIE  	HER HUSBAND'S MOTHER, WITH WHOM SHE WILL NOW WORK CLOSELY AT ALL THE DOMESTIC CHORES, AND WHO BECOMES HER BEST FRIEND AND COMPANION IN HER NEW HOME. 	ALL OF THE ABOVE RELATIONSHIPS ARE EASY INFORMAL AND INVOLVE A LOT OF AFFECTIONATE TEASING, BECAUSE A BRIDE'S NEW FAMILY WANTS HER TO BE HAPPY. 	
#11,506 THE RULE OF DESCENT AMONG THE BHIL IS    	4	PATRILOCAL   	MATRILINEAL   	AVUNCULOCAL   	PATRILINEAL   	BILATERAL   	
#11,509 A. MAN IN A PATRILINEAL SOCIETY WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO DO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?   	4	TO CALL HIS FATHER'S BROTHER BY THE SAME TERM HE USES FOR HIS FATHER  	TO MARRY HIS MOTHER'S BROTHER'S DAUGHTER   	TO MARRY HIS DECEASED BROTHER'S WIFE   	TO MARRY HIS FATHER'S BROTHER'S DAUGHTER   	TO MARRY HIS WIFE'S SISTER   	
#11,510 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST ACCURATE TERM FOR THE FORM OF MARRIAGE IN WHICH A MAN MAY HAVE SEVERAL WIVES?   	4	POLYANDRY   	POLYGAMY   	ANDROGAMY   	POLYGYNY   	POLYANNA   	
#11,511 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE,  THE MEN IN SUCH SOCIETIES TAKE EXTRA WIVES TO DEMONSTRATE THEIR SEXUAL PROWESS.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,512 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE,  THE BIRTH RATE AUTOMATICALLY RISES.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,513 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE, HAVING SEVERAL WIVES IS LIKELY TO BE AN ECONOMIC BURDEN FEW MEN ARE ANXIOUS TO TAKE ON.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,514 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE, HAVING SEVERAL WIVES IS LIKELY TO BE BOTH A SOURCE OF, AND AN INDICATION OF, A MAN'S WEALTH.  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,515 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE, THE RULE OF DESCENT IS LIKELY TO BE MATRILINEAL, SINCE WOMEN ARE SO IMPORTANT.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,516 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE, HAVING SEVERAL WIVES ENABLES A MAN TO HAVE MORE CHILDREN.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,517 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE, THERE IS LIKELY TO BE AN INCREASED AGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MAN AND HIS LATER WIVES.  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,518 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PATTERNS IS MOST FREQUENTLY FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH MATRILINEAL DESCENT?   	3	FATHERS ARE THE MAIN DECISION-MAKING AND AUTHORITY FIGURES IN THE FAMILY.  	MOTHERS ARE THE MAIN AUTHORITY FIGURES, MAKING ALL DECISIONS WHICH AFFECT THE WELFARE OF THE KIN GROUP.  	THE ECONOMY IS FREQUENTLY HORTICULTURAL, INVOLVING A VARIETY OF CROPS OR SMALL FIELDS USUALLY OWNED AND/OR WORKED  BY THE WOMEN 	HUSBANDS AND WIVES DEVELOP VERY CLOSE TIES OF LOVE AND MUTUAL SUPPORT, BECAUSE THEY JOINTLY SHARE RESPONSIBILITY FOR RUNNING THE HOUSEHOLD AND RAISING THEIR CHILDREN. 	A WOMAN IS VERY LIKELY TO HAVE SEVERAL HUSBANDS, EACH WITH  HIS OWN HUT AND FIELDS TO WORK, UNDER HER DIRECTION  	
#11,519 BRIDEPRICE    	4	IS THE WEALTH THAT A WOMAN BRINGS WITH HER INTO HER MARRIAGE, WHICH GENERALLY INSURES THAT HER HUSBAND AND HIS FAMILY WILL TREAT HER WELL 	IS A CUSTOM USUALLY FOUND IN MATRILINEAL SOCIETIES, IN WHICH WOMEN ARE SO HIGHLY VALUED  	IS ESSENTIALLY WHAT A MAN PAYS IN ORDER TO ACQUIRE SEXUAL RIGHTS TO A WOMAN  	IS PRIMARILY COMPENSATION TO A WOMAN'S FAMILY FOR THE LOSS OF THEIR RIGHT TO CLAIM ANY CHILDREN SHE WILL BEAR.  	IS THE FEE THAT MUST BE PAID BY THE BRIDE'S FAMILY TO THE GROOM IF THE MARRIAGE DOES NOT PRODUCE ANY SONS.  	
#11,520 WHY, IN A PATRILINEAL SOCIETY, MIGHT IT NOT MATTER SO MUCH WHO THE BIOLOGICAL FATHER OF A CHILD IS?   	3	A CHILD ALWAYS BELONGS TO HER OR HIS MOTHER'S LINEAGE OR CLAN.   	A CHILD WILL BE ALLOWED TO CHOOSE WHICH CLAN HE/SHE WANTS TO JOIN AS PART OF THE INITIATION RITES.  	A CHILD ALWAYS BELONGS TO THE LINEAGE OF THE MAN WHO PAID BRIDEPRICE FOR ITS MOTHER.  	A SON ALWAYS BELONGS TO HIS FATHER'S LINEAGE AND A DAUGHTER TO HER MOTHER'S LINEAGE.  	MARITAL FIDELITY IS SO STRICTLY ENFORCED, THAT THE QUESTION OF FATHERHOOD NEVER ARISES.  	
#11,521 THE COMPLEX SYSTEM OF CULTURALLY DEFINED SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS BASED ON MARRIAGE AND BIRTH IS CALLED:   	1	KINSHIP   	CONSANGUINITY   	AFFINITY   	FAMILY   	INCEST   	
#11,522 THE BHILS LIVE:    	4	ON THE BORDER AREA BETWEEN BRAZIL AND VENEZUELA.   	ON THE NORTHWEST COAST OF CANADA.   	IN THE PERUVIAN RAIN FOREST.   	IN CENTRAL INDIA.   	IN NORTHERN VIETNAM.   	
#11,523 AMONG THE BHILS OF INDIA, THE MANDA CEREMONY IS:    	3	THE EVENT AT WHICH A BHIL BRIDE AND GROOM WALK AROUND THE SACRED FIRE SEVEN TIMES TO SIGNIFY MARRIAGE.  	THE CEREMONY WHERE THE GODDESS OF THE GROOM'S CLAN IS B. INFORMED OF THE UPCOMING WEDDING.  	THE CEREMONY AT WHICH THE GROOM EXCHANGES GIFTS WITH KIN FROM OTHER VILLAGES.  	A FEAST GIVEN BY THE GROOM FOR THE BRIDE'S RELATIVES.   	A FEAST GIVEN BY THE BRIDE FOR THE GROOM'S RELATIVES.   	
#11,524 WHEN A MAN MARRIES TWO OR MORE WOMEN SIMULTANEOUSLY, THE ARRANGE- MENT IS CALLED:   	5	MONOGAMY   	POLYGAMY   	POLYANDRY   	EXOGAMY   	POLYGYNY   	
#11,525 WHEN WE SAY THAT A CULTURE IS VILLAGE EXOGAMOUS AND TRIBAL ENDOGAMOUS WE MEAN:   	2	THEY MARRY INSIDE THEIR VILLAGE BUT OUTSIDE THEIR TRIBE.   	THEY MARRY OUTSIDE THEIR VILLAGE BUT INSIDE THEIR TRIBE.   	THEY MARRY INSIDE THEIR VILLAGE BUT DO NOT CONSIDER TRIBAL RESTRICTIONS.  	THEY MARRY OUTSIDE THEIR VILLAGE BUT DO NOT CONSIDER TRIBAL RESTRICTIONS.  	THEY DO NOT MARRY WHEN LIVING IN THE VILLAGE, ONLY WHEN THEY ARE TRAVELLING WITHIN THE TRIBAL AREA.  	
#11,526 THE CULTURAL RULE THAT PROHIBITS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE BETWEEN CERTAIN CLASSES OF RELATIVES IS CALLED:   	1	THE INCEST TABOO   	POLYGAMY   	ENDOGAMY   	SERIAL POLYGAMY   	POLYGYNY   	
#11,527 IN RATAKOTE, BHIL PARENTS ARRANGE MARRIAGES FOR THEIR CHILDREN BECAUSE:   	4	THEY DON'T TRUST THEIR CHILDREN'S ABILITY TO CHOOSE A. MATE.  	THEIR CHILDREN HAVE NO OPPORTUNITY TO MEET MEMBERS OF THE OPPOSITE SEX.  	BHILS BELIEVE THAT YOUNG PEOPLE CANNOT COPE WITH LOVE MAGIC, THUS ARE INCAPABLE OF CHOOSING A MATE.  	MARRIAGE IS A WAY OF LINKING FAMILIES SO FAMILIES MAKE THE MARRIAGES.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	
#11,528 A. PREFERRED MARRIAGE RULE IN WHICH A MAN MARRIES HIS DEAD BROTHER'S WIDOW IS CALLED:   	3	EXOGAMY   	ENDOGAMY   	THE LEVIRATE   	THE LINEAGE   	THE FAMILY   	
#11,529 GEORGE PETER MURDOCK FELT THAT ONLY ONE KINSHIP GROUP CAN FUNCTION TO REGULATE SEX, SUPPORT REPRODUCTION, ORGANIZE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, AND EDUCATE THE YOUNG.  THAT GROUP IS:  	5	THE CLAN   	THE PHRATRY   	THE LEVIRATE   	THE LINEAGE   	THE FAMILY   	
#11,530 WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN ATTRIBUTE FOUND IN G.P. MURDOCK'S DEFINITION OF THE FAMILY?   	1	LEGITIMIZATION OF CHILDREN   	AT LEAST ONE MARRIED COUPLE   	COMMON RESIDENCE   	THE REGULATION OF SEX   	THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN   	
#11,531 AN EXTENDED FAMILY IS:    	2	A FAMILY THAT LIVES IN MORE THAN ONE HOUSE.   	A FAMILY CONSISTING OF TWO OR MORE MARRIED COUPLES AND THEIR CHILDREN.  	A FAMILY CONSISTING OF A MARRIED COUPLE AND THEIR CHILDREN.  	A FAMILY WITHOUT ENOUGH LAND TO GROW SUFFICIENT FOOD.  	A FAMILY WITH MORE THAN FIVE CHILDREN.   	
#11,532 THE RESIDENCE OF A MARRIED COUPLE WITH THE GROOM'S MOTHER'S BROTHER IS CALLED:   	5	PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE   	MATRILOCAL RESIDENCE   	DUOLOCAL RESIDENCE   	BILOCAL RESIDENCE   	AVUNCULOCAL RESIDENCE   	
#11,533 THE PREFERRED MARRIAGE RULE CALLED THE "LEVIRATE" INDICATES THAT:    	4	A MAN SHOULD MARRY HIS MOTHER'S BROTHER'S DAUGHTER   	A WOMAN SHOULD MARRY HER HUSBAND'S BROTHER'S SON   	A WOMAN SHOULD MARRY HER DEAD SISTER'S HUSBAND   	A MAN SHOULD MARRY HIS DEAD BROTHER'S WIFE   	A WOMAN SHOULD MARRY HER DEAD BROTHER'S WIFE   	
#11,534 THE TERM "MATRILOCAL" REFERS TO A KIND OF:    	3	DESCENT SYSTEM   	BHIL FAMILY   	RULE OF POSTMARITAL RESIDENCE   	PREFERRED MARRIAGE RULE   	FUNCTION OF THE FAMILY   	
#11,535 AN AFFINAL LINK IS A KINSHIP RELATIONSHIP FORMED BY:    	2	DESCENT FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR   	MARRIAGE   	BIRTH   	SIBLINGSHIP   	CONSANGUINE TIES   	
#11,536 THE KIND OF RESIDENCE RULE PREFERRED IN THE UNITED STATES IS:    	1	NEOLOCAL RESIDENCE   	PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE   	MATRILOCAL RESIDENCE   	DUOLOCAL RESIDENCE   	MATRI-PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE   	
#11,537 AN OLDER MARRIED COUPLE, TOGETHER WITH MARRIED SONS, THEIR DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW, AND THEIR GRANDCHILDREN, ALL LIVING IN A SINGLE HOUSEHOLD IS A CLASSIC EXAMPLE OF:  	3	A NEOLOCAL RESIDENCE   	A NUCLEAR FAMILY   	AN EXTENDED FAMILY   	A LINEAGE   	AN ENDOOGAMOUS CLAN   	
#11,538 IN THE UNITED STATES, THE PREFFERED FORM OF MARRIAGE IS:    	5	AFFINITY   	EXOGAMY   	POLYGAMY   	POLYGYNY   	MONOGAMY   	
#11,539 THE INCEST TABOO, EXOGAMY, AND SOME OTHER PREFERENTIAL MARRIAGE RULES FUNCTION TO:   	1	TIE FAMILIES, LINEAGES, AND OFTEN VILLAGES TOGETHER   	TIE MEMBERS OF A SINGLE FAMILY TOGETHER   	RELEGATE WOMEN TO A POSITION OF LOW STATUS   	ALL OF THE ABOVE   	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#11,540 ACCORDING TO THE DEFINITION IN THE TEXT, MARRIAGE  CONSTITUTES A SOCIALLY RECOGNIZED UNION BETWEEN A MAN AND A  WOMAN THAT ACCORDS LEGITIMATE BIRTH STATUS RIGHTS TO THEIR CHILDREN 	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,541 THE MARRIAGE OF A WOMAN WITH TWO OR MORE MEN  SIMULTANEOUSLY IS CALLED POLYGYNY  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,542 BHILS FOLLOW THE RULE OF VILLAGE EXOGAMY, WHICH MEANS THAT THEY MUST MARRY SPOUSES FROM VILLAGES OTHER THAN THEIR OWN  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,543 EXTENDED FAMILIES TEND TO BE FOUND IN AGRICULTURALLY BASED SOCIETIES WHERE FAMILIES HOLD LIMITED AMOUNTS OF ARABLE LAND AND WHERE CHILDREN ARE DEPENDANT ON THEIR PARENTS FOR ACCESS TO LAND.  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,544 IN A FAMILISTIC SOCIETY, SUCH AS THAT OF TRADITIONAL CHINA, THE WELFARE OF THE FAMILY REPRESENTS AN IMPORTANT VALUE GUIDING THE BEHAVIOR AND LIFE GOALS OF FAMILY MEMBERS  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,545 IN RATAKOTE, MOST BHIL MEN PREFER TO MARRY AT LEAST TWO, AND OFTEN THREE, WIVES BECAUSE MORE WOMAN PROVIDE THEM WITH MORE LABOR FOR FIELD WORK  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,546 RELATIVES WHO SHARE COMMON ANCESTRY ARE CALLED CONSANGUINE OR BLOOD KIN, WHEREAS THOSE LINKED BY MARRIAGE ARE CALLED AFFINALS.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,547 A. RULE OF RELATIONSHIP THAT LINKS PEOPLE TOGETHER ON THE BASIS OF REPUTED COMMON ANCESTRY IS CALLED:   	2	AFFINITY   	DESCENT   	UNILINEALITY   	BILATERALITY   	PATRILOCALITY   	
#11,548 WHEN PEOPLE BELIEVE THEY ARE DESCENDED FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR THROUGH MALES ONLY, WE CALL THE RULE :   	1	PATRILINEAL DESCENT   	MATRILINEAL   	BILATERAL DESCENT   	COGNATIC DESCENT   	SIBLING DESCENT   	
#11,549 PATRILINEALITY AND MATRILINEALITY ARE BOTH FORMS OF:    	1	UNILINEAL DESCENT   	BILATERAL DESCENT   	COGNATIC DESCENT   	KINSHIP TERM SYSTEMS   	KINSHIP ROLES   	
#11,550 DESCENT IS OFTEN RELATED TO:    	4	RULES OF INCEST PROHIBITION AND EXOGAMY   	THE ASSIGNMENT OF ULTIMATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR CHILDREN   	THE INHERITANCE OF RANK AND LAND   	ALL OF THE ABOVE   	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#11,551 AN INDICATION THAT THE BHILS OF RATAKOTE FOLLOW A PATRILINEAL RULE OF DESCENT IF THE FACT THAT:   	3	CHILDREN REMAIN WITH THEIR MOTHERS IN CASE OF DIVORCE   	BOTH MALE AND FEMALE CHILDREN INHERIT EQUALLY FROM THEIR PARENTS  	MALE CHILDREN INHERIT ONLY FROM THEIR FATHERS   	VILLAGERS ROUTINELY FOLLOW A RULE OF MATRILOCALITY   	THE SUPERNATURAL HEAD OF THE DESCENT GROUP IS A GOD   	
#11,552 WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING RELATIVES WOULD NOT BE A PART OF EGOS'S PATRILINEAL DESCENT GROUP?   	1	FATHER'S MOTHER   	FATHER'S FATHER   	BROTHER   	FATHER'S SISTER   	SISTER   	
#11,553 WHEN PEOPLE BELIEVE THEY ARE DESCENDED FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR THROUGH BOTH MALES AND FEMALES, WE CALL THE DESCENT RULE :   	3	MATRILINEAL DESCENT   	MATRI-PATRILOCAL DESCENT   	BILATERAL DESCENT   	OMAHA DESCENT   	DUOLOCAL DESCENT   	
#11,554 PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE THAT THEY ARE RELATED TO A COMMON ANCESTOR THROUGH FEMALES ONLY FOLLOW A RULE OF ---------------- DESCENT.   	2	PATRILINEAL   	MATRILINEAL   	BILATERAL   	COGNATIC   	CROW   	
#11,555 A. BHIL BRIDE MUST ---------- WHEN SHE IS IN THE PRESENCE OF HER FATHER-IN-LAW.   	2	BOW   	COVER HER FACE WITH HER VEIL   	COURTSEY   	ACT NATURALLY   	JOKE IN A SEXUAL MANNER   	
#11,556 Among the Chiricahua Apache, when a boy is told that he must leave the camp if his sister is there alone while their parents are gone, he is learning the rules of what Anthropologists call:  	3	A JOKING RELATIONSHIP   	A DESCENT RELATIONSHIP   	AN AVOIDANCE RELATIONSHIP   	A CROSS-COUSIN RELATIONSHIP   	NONE OF THE ABOVE   	
#11,557 IN MANY MATRILINEAL SOCIETIES, THE AUTHORITY FIGURE IN CHILDREN'S LIVES IS LIKELY TO BE THEIR:   	4	FATHER   	FATHER'S BROTHER   	OLDER BROTHER   	MOTHER'S BROTHER   	MOTHER'S SISTER   	
#11,558 A. GROUP OF KIN RELATED TO EACH OTHER BY A UNILINEAL DESCENT RULE WHO CAN TRACE THE ACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT TIE THEM TOGETHER IS CALLED A :  	4	CLAN   	PHRATRY   	RAMMAGE   	LINEAGE   	   	
#11,559 WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING UNILINEAL DESCENT GROUPS IS CONSISTENTLY SMALLER THAN THE OTHERS?   	1	LINEAGE   	PHRATRY   	MOIETY   	CLAN   	SIB   	
#11,560 ---------- ARE UNILINEAL DESCENT GROUPS COMPOSED OF LINEAGES. THEIR MEMBERS RECOGNIZE DESCENT FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR BUT CAN'T USUALLY TRACE AN ACTUAL GENEALOGICAL CONNECTION TO EACH OTHER.  	3	EXTENDED FAMILIES   	KINDREDS   	CLANS   	PHRATRIES   	MOIETIES   	
#11,561 NANI, KANJI'S BHIL BRIDE, SHOWED RESPECT TOWARD MEMBERS OF HER HUSBAND'S FAMILY.  TOWARD ONE MEMBER SHE COULD BEHAVE IN AN OPEN, EVEN SEXUALLY PROVOCATIVE MANNER.  THIS PERSON WAS:  	5	HER HUSBAND, KANJI   	HER HUSBAND'S OLDER SISTER   	HER HUSBAND'S MOTHER   	HER HUSBAND'S OLDER BROTHER   	HER HUSBAND'S YOUNGER BROTHER   	
#11,562 PATRILINEALITY IS THE MOST COMMON DESCENT AND IS FOUND IN ALMOST EVERY PART OF THE WORLD.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,563 ALTHOUGH THEY ARE LARGELY PATRILOCAL, THE BHILS OF RATAKOTE FOLLOW A MATRILINEAL DESCENT RULE.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,564 IN PATRILINEAL SOCIETIES, FEMALES DO NOT BELONG TO A DESCENT GROUP.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,565 IF YOU COUNT ALL THE SOCIETIES IN THE WORLD, MATRILINEAL DESCENT IS MORE COMMONLY FOUND THAN PATRILINEAL.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,566 MALES CANNOT BELONG TO A DESCENT GROUP IN A MATRILINEAL SOCIETY.    	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,567 IN MATRILINEAL SOCIETIES, MEN CONTINUE TO HOLD FORMAL AUTHORITY OVER WOMEN AND CHILDREN.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,568 IN BHIL SOCIETY, ONE REFERS TO HIS COUSINS AND BROTHERS AND SISTERS BY TWO TERMS, ONE FOR MALES AND ONE FOR FEMALES   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,569 IN MATRILINEAL SOCIETY, THE AUTHORITY FIGURE IN CHILDREN'S LIVES IS THEIR MOTHER'S BROTHER, NOT THEIR FATHER.   	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,570 MEMBERS OF CLANS TEND TO KNOW EACH OTHER, SHARE AN ABILITY TO TRACE THE ACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT TIE THEM TO A COMMON ANCESTOR, AND GET TOGETHER TO MAKE DECISIONS.  	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,571 IN RATAKOTE, LINEAGE MATES OFTEN HELP EACH OTHER WITH AGRICULTURAL WORK AND MARRIAGE ARRANGEMENTS. NO MEMBER OF A LINEAGE HAS THE RIGHT TO SELL LAND WITHOUT CONSULTING THE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GROUP.  	1	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,572 CROSS-COUSIN'S ARE ONE'S FATHER'S BROTHER'S CHILDREN AND ONE'S MOTHER'S SISTER'S CHILDREN.   	2	TRUE   	FALSE   	   	   	   	
#11,573 Psychologist Nancy Chodrow, cited in "Worlds of Pain," explains the origins of sex role differences in blue-collar families in which of the following ways?  	3	Boys are just born more intelligent and more independent than girls.  	Mothers in this culture tend to pamper their young daughters, and are more quick to discipline their young sons.  	Young boys have to distance themselves from their mothers as they turn to their fathers as role models; thus they learn early to repress feelings. 	Girls are naturally more emotional and less adventurous than boys, so they gladly stay closer to home.  	Parents are prouder of their sons than they are of daughters, so girls grow up with poor self-images and no self-confidence.  	
#11,574 A. typical evening in a blue-collar family, as reflected in interviews in "Worlds of Pain," would see which of the following?   	5	Fathers take their sons fishing or to baseball games while mothers and daughters clean up dinner dishes.  	The whole family has a leisurely dinner, during which they all share their feelings about the events of their day.  	Parents help the kids with their homework, and then enjoy some peaceful "talking time" together after the kids are in bed.  	They often go on family outings, especially when one of the kids has a game or a play they're in.  	None of the above would be typical for the people cited in this article.  	
#11,575 The author of "Worlds of Pain" sees the source of the problem in working-class marriages to be:   	2	the grinding poverty that barely keeps the family fed and clothed, and does not leave time or energy to work on improving relationships. 	the early sex-role socialization, in which boys learn to turn off the emotional part of their nature while girls learn to focus on that part. 	the imbalance of power between men and women in this society, C. which leads working class wives to a sense of oppression and exploitation by their men. 	the unequal division of labor in blue-collar families which places huge burdens of responsibility on men, which their wives don't appreciate. 	the basic conservatism of the lower class which makes both men and women unwilling to adapt to changing circumstances.  	
#11,576 From the interviews cited in "Worlds of Pain," it appears that    	5	blue-collar wives are more materialistic than their husbands. They keep demanding more household goods to make them happy.  	blue-collar husbands simply don't care about whether their wives are "happy" or not--what women want doesn't matter.  	blue-collar wives want to be able to go out and work as their husbands do, and resent being "stuck at home with the kids."  	blue-collar wives are anxious about their children's futures, and want them to be able to move up in the class structure.  	blue-collar wives are wanting a new kind of companionship in their marriages--one that neither they nor their husbands know how to develop. 	
#11,577 Which basic underlying cultural premise does the author of "Worlds of Pain" see as primarily responsible for the communication gap between blue-collar husbands and wives?  	3	A premise of fatalism--lives are seen as pre-destined and not able to be changed by human will, therefore not worth talking about. 	A core value of privacy--to talk about personal feelings would be a shocking invasion of privacy and/or a kind of indecent exposure. 	A core dualism of thought vs. feelings, where "rational = good, strong" and "emotional" = bad, weak."  	A core assumption that males and females are inherently in com- petition, and each must therefore always try to "win" against the other. 	A basic destinction between work and play, in which "talking" is seen as just a pasttime or game, not to be taken seriously by either partner. 	
#11,578 In "Worlds of Pain," which of the following best describes the attitudes of working-class blue-collar wives towards the women's movement?  	2	Blue-collar wives are envious of the independence and assertiveness of women in the women's liberation movement.  	Blue-collar wives tend to stereotype women's "libbers" as bra-burners and man-haters.  	Blue-collar wives have enthusiastically joined the women's movement, seeing in it the chance to enrich their marriages and lives. 	Blue-collar wives are so out-of-touch with modern trends they aren't even aware that a "women's movement" exists.  	Blue-collar wives feel secure and happy in their marriages and life-styles, and therefore don't pay any attention to the malcontents in the women's movement. 	
#11,579 In comparing child-rearing patterns in blue-collar and pro- fessional middle-class families, the author of "Worlds of Pain" suggests that:  	1	Middle-class boys receive more encouragement to express feel- ings and act spontaneously than working-class boys do.  	Middle-class parents maintain stricter discipline and authority over their sons than do working-class parents.  	Working-class parents let their sons "go a little wild" when they're young, knowing they'll have to work so hard as adults.  	Working-class fathers are more likely to encourage their sons to use physical violence and fighting as a way to survive.  	all but (a) above   	
#11,580 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE,    	3	THE MEN TAKE EXTRA WIVES TO DEMONSRATE THEIR SEXUAL PROWNESS  	THE BIRTH RATE AUTOMATICALLY RISES   	HAVING SEVERAL WIVES IS LIKELY TO BE BOTH A SOURCE OF, AND AN INDICATION OF, A MAN'S WEALTH.  	FEW MEN WOULD ACTUALLY WANT TO TAKE ON SUCH A BURDEN   	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE OF SUCH SOCIETIES.   	
#11,581 IN SOCIETIES THAT PERMIT A MAN TO HAVE MORE THAN ON WIFE,    	1	THERE IS LIKELY TO BE AN INCREASED AGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MAN AND HIS LATER WIVES  	THE RULE OF DESCENT IS LIKELY TO BE MATRILINEAL, SINCE WOMEN ARE SO IMPORTANT.  	ALMOST ALL MEN WILL IN FACT HAVE TWO OR THREE WIVES.   	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	NONE OF THE ABOVE.   	
#11,582 The author of the article on college sororities referred to them as "convents" because   	5	the girls who join sororities take vows of chastity and poverty  	the girls join sororities to be able to pursue their studies without social distractions  	the girls are sent there by their parents to receive additional training in Christian morality  	the girls who join sororities have all had some powerful mystical experience that 'calls' them  	None of the above   	
#11,583 According to the "Sororities..." article, college sororities are organized and run primarily on whose behalf or in whose interests?   	2	the girls who are members - the "sisters"   	the parents of the girls who are members   	the fraternities who need "sister" organizations   	the college administrations which manage all student housing on campuses  	the student loan committees which are paying for the girls' educations  	
#11,584 According to the "Sororities..." article, what is "hypergamy"?    	1	Hypergamy is the practice of marrying someone in a higher social class than oneself  	Hypergamy is the term for marrying more than one person at a time  	Hypergamy is the practice of marrying and divorcing several times:  having a series of marriages  	Hypergamy refers to the core value placed on the active participation of both partners in a marriage  	Hypergamy refers to marrying outside of the sorority-fraternity circle  	
#11,585 "Bokelab" refers to:    	4	the wedding ceremony of the Marshallese islanders   	the correct kinship term for a mother's brother in Marshal Island society  	the thatched roof men's house, centrally located in any Marshal Island community  	a small island off one of the atolls of the Marshal Islands   	the kinship term for a man's cross-cousins in Marshal Island culture  	
#11,586 In Marshal Island terminology, which of the following distinctions is a basic organizing principle for categorizing relatives?   	2	They separate nuclear family from relatives outside the nuclear family. (i.e. a "father" is in a different category from a "father's brother". 	They separate generations and age relative to 'ego' within his own generation  	They distinguish siblings (children of same parents as 'ego') from cousins on either side of the family, which belong to a common category of 'not-siblings'. 	They have a separate kin term, and therfore category, for each relative in each of the 3 generations closest to ego (i.e. ego's parents, ego's own, and ego's children's generations 	   	
#11,587 When Benjinij returned to the Marshall Islands, which of kinsman took him in, and most helped to establish him in Bokelab society?   	3	His father   	His father's brother   	His mother's brother   	His sister's husband   	His mother's father   	
#11,588 With which of the following relations must Benjinij be MOST respectful, most careful or "reserved" in his language and behavior?  	5	His mother's brother   	His brothers-in-law (sister's husbands)   	His female relatives   	His grandparents on either side   	His sisters and female parallel cousins   	
#11,589 The girl, La Nana, whom Benjinij married stood in which relationship to Benjinij (before she became his wife)?   	1	La Nana was his mother's brother's daughter   	La Nana was his father's sister's daughter   	La Nana was his father's brother's daughter   	La Nana was a distant cousin from a different branch of his mother's lineage  	La Nana was a parallel cousin   	
#11,590 Which of the following explantions is a clear manifest function of the practice of serveral brothers sharing a wife in the Tibitan culture described in the article, "When Brothers Share a Wife".  	2	The barren and harsh environment requires the co-operative labor this form of marriage provides.  	This form of marriage prevents inheritable land and herds from being split up.  	This form of marriage compensates for the shortage of women created by a tradition of female infanticide in this patrilineal Tibitan society. 	All of the above are reasons clearly stated by culture memebers for engaging in this form of marriage.  	   	
#11,591 The term "primogeniture" referred to in the article on Tibetan marriage practices refers to:   	3	the custom of several brothers marrying the some woman.   	the custom of placing an eldest son in charge of his younger brothers, who must stay and work for him.  	the custom of allowing only the eldest son to inherit the family's land.  	the custom of considering the first boy born to be the son of the eldest brother whether or not he is the actual biological father.  	the custom of allowing the eldest brother to have more sexual access to the shared wife than the younger brothers.  	
#11,592 The anthropological term for the form of marriage discussed in the article on marriage in Tibet is:   	4	sororal polygyny   	primogeniture   	levirate   	fraternal polyandry   	fraternization   	
#11,593 In the original study on the history of the modern American family, which of the following assumptions shapted lives of the members of the "pre-modern" American family?  	5	Females were assumed to have been created as inferior and therefore submissive to males.  	A whole community was thought to have the right and the responsibility to enforce proper behavior of family members.  	Marriages were arranged to fulfill economic, religious, and social functions for larger kin groups.  	Children were assumed to be basically bad and stubborn and in need of strict, even harsh, parenting to be broken and molded into good Christian souls. 	All of the above were premises or assumptions that operated in the "pre-modern" American family.  	
#11,594 In the study on the "ephermeral modern family", why does the author see the nuclear family as "structurally fragile"?   	3	Because the male heads of these families have too much authority and power over wives and children, who will react by rebelling.  	Because the wives are left on their own too much of the time and tend to get bored.  	Because the ideal of enduring romantic love is he basis for the formation of the marriages and provides a logic for divorce when "things don't work out". 	Because the wives, with no other support group, have to do so much of the work of household maintenance and childrearing the are unable to be loving/attentive to their husband's needs. 	Because the sexual permissiveness embodied in the nuclear family model undermines the sense of commitment to a spouse and children.  	
#11,595 The author of the "ephermeral modern family" article concludes that    	2	the nuclear family of the 1950's, with male breadwinners supporting dependent wives and children is, in fact, the most natural form of family. 	the nuclear family regarded as "normal" in the 1950's, with male wage earners and wives happily tending to the home, was an unlikely and temporary variation in family organization. 	most of the social problems in America of the last 20 years have their roots in the unwillingness of women to provide stable, nurturing environments for their husbands and children. 	most American women really want to be able to stay home caring for house and children while supported by a husband they have joined the work force only out of necessity. 	the truly "good old days" of family life in America was during the "pre-modern" 19th century Colonial Period, when all members' economic and emotional needs were fully met. 	
#12,001 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTE LATENT FUNCTION(S) OF THE AGE AND GENERATION SETS AMONG THE KARIMOJONG OF EAST AFRICA   	5	THEY EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF MEN, AND OF CATTLE IN THIS SOCIETY  	THEY CUT ACROSS THE TIES BASED ON KINSHIP AND THOSE BASED ON SHARED TERRITORY, THUS SERVING A TRIBAL-WIDE FUNCTION OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION. 	THEY REINFORCE THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE AGE AS A SOCIAL ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE IN THIS SOCIETY.  	THEY REINFORCE THE AUTHORITY OF THE ELDERS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF RESPECT AND OBEDIENCE ON THE PART OF THE YOUND TOWARD THE ELDERS 	ALL OF THE ABOVE FUNCTIONS ARE SERVED BY THE EXISTENCE AND MAINTENANCE OF AGE AND GENERATION SETS.  	
#12,002 THE FACT THAT LOPUT'S INITIATION RITE WAS A VERY DRAMATIC SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, INVOLVING THE COOPERATION OF MANY PEOPLE, MOST IMPORTANTLY SERVED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS:  	1	TO PUBLICALY SIGNAL TO INITIATES AND ALL OTHER PARTICIPANTS THAT THE INITIATES NOW OCCUPY A NEW STATUS, AND THAT NEW RULES OF BEHAVIOR NOW APPLY TO ALL THEIR RELATIONSHIPS 	TO GIVE WOMEN A BREAK IN THEIR DAILY ROUTINES, AND A CHANCE TO STOP WORKING FOR A WHILE AND HAVE SOME FUN.  	TO GIVE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN A CHANCE TO SEE AND MEET EACH OTHER IN PROPERLY CHAPERONED CIRCUMSTANCES.  	TO REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE CATTLE HERDS TO MANAGEABLE PROPORTIONS, TO NUMBERS WHICH AVAILABLE GRAZING GROUNDS COULD SUPPORT 	TO PLEASE THE GHOSTS OF THE ANCESTORS WHICH THE KARIMOJONG BELIEVE TO BE ANXIOUS TO BE ASSURED OF FULLY INTIATED DESCEND- ANTS WHO WILL TAKE CARE OF THEM. 	
#12,003 A. Carib girl's initiation is similar to that of a Karimojong boy in which of the following ways?   	1	At the end of the rites, they are both decorated or dressed in ways that symbolize adulthood, and are welcomed as adults. 	They both go through the initiation with a large group of friends, with whom they will thereafter have particularly close ties. 	They both go through the ceremonies at age 12-13--as soon as it is clear they have reached puberty and could engage in sexual activity and parent children. 	They both must endure, without flinching, a number of painful tests to prove their strength and readiness to face the world as adults. 	All of the above are clearly parts of both initiation processes.  	
#12,004 The primary organizing principle of the family is:    	1	kinship.   	territory.   	sex.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#12,005 A. territorial group associated with hunting and gathering in which there are several unrelated families is called:   	2	a patrilineal band.   	a composite band.   	a homestead.   	a nomadic association.   	a camp.   	
#12,006 The Karimojong live in:    	4	British Columba.   	Venezuela.   	Central India.   	Uganda.   	Peru.   	
#12,007 The regular seasonal or cyclical movement of groups from one locale to another is called:   	3	a patrilineal band.   	seasonality.   	nomadism.   	associationalism.   	homesteading.   	
#12,008 For the Karimojong, the tribe is:    	1	the maximal territorial group.   	a composite band.   	a medial territorial group.   	a composite band.   	a patrilineal band.   	
#12,009 The maximal territorial group among the Karimojong is the:    	5	stock camp.   	neighborhood.   	section.   	homestead.   	tribe.   	
#12,010 Which one of the following would be classified by anthropologists as an association?   	4	clan   	band   	village   	age set   	caste   	
#12,011 Karimojong neighborhoods are composed of:    	2	stock camps.   	homesteads.   	sections.   	subsections.   	tribes.   	
#12,012 Groups based on common interest, shared purpose, or some attribute such as age or sex are called:   	4	territorial groups.   	kinship groups.   	tribes.   	associations.   	ranked groups.   	
#12,013 The Karimojong divide their society into:    	1	age sets.   	castes.   	classes.   	patrilineal bands.   	townships.   	
#12,014 The Karimojang Asapan ceremony would be labeled a .................. by anthropologists.   	3	secret association   	men's society   	rite of passage   	social occasion   	rite of separation   	
#12,015 The terms separation, transition, and incorporation label stages in:   	4	Karimojong yearly movements from stock camp to homestead.  	the circular movement of generation set social systems.  	the ox spearing ceremony.   	rites of passage.   	relations between homesteads.   	
#12,016 Which one of the following is not a major stage in the Karimojong Asapan ceremony?   	2	spearing the ox   	drinking the blood   	eating the tongue   	cooking the stomach   	none of the above   	
#12,017 A. Karimonjong settlement containing one extended family and consisting of a few dwellings, storehouses, and livestock pens all within the same enclosure, would most likely be called a :  	1	homestead.   	cattle camp.   	neighborhood.   	village.   	maximal territorial enclosure.   	
#12,018 "The kinds of obligations that people have to their territorial groups differ with the size of the territory."  Their obligations to the maximal territorial group is almost certain to include:  	3	procreation.   	rites of passage.   	defense against outside attack.   	economic support.   	free labor.   	
#12,019 A. fraternity is most clearly a kind of:    	4	territorial group.   	kinship group.   	homestead.   	age set   	rank group.   	
#12,020 The term "primary organizing principle" means:    	5	The goal of a social group.   	the person who organizes a social group.   	territoriality.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#12,021 The Karimojong live in villages consisting of numerous houses lining irregularly defined paths.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,022 A. patrilineal band in which a father, his sons, and their sons make up the core, tends to be exogamous.   	1	T   	F   	   	   	   	
#12,023 The primary organizing principle in Brady's bar is ....    	3	Territory   	Kinship   	Sex   	Age   	Class   	
#12,024 Bands, homesteads, villages, and cities are all kinds of associations.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,025 Men's associations among the Karimojang are open to any male who wishes to join them.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,026 All Karimojong for all time will belong either to the Gazelles or Mountains (generation sets).   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,027 Bands are nomadic groups in which kinship is seldom an important organizing principle.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,028 A. person's maximal territorial group refers to the largest, most inclusive territory and the people who live there.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,029 There are three major phases in a rite of passage:  accusation, contemplation, and confession.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,030 Sex can be used as an explicit, primary principle for creating social groups.  Such groups are called men's associations and women's associations.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,031 The situation in which people regularly experience unequal access to valued economic resouces as well as prestige is called:   	1	social stratification.   	rank.   	class.   	caste.   	egalitarian society.   	
#12,032 Which one of the following would most likely be an egalitarian society?   	2	horticultural society   	hunting and gathering band   	western indusrial society   	peasant agricultural society   	rank society   	
#12,033 A. society in which there is unequal access to prestige but equal access to economic resouces is called:   	3	an egalitarian society.   	a socially stratified society.   	a rank society.   	a caste society.   	a class society.   	
#12,034 A. key difference that distinguishes socially stratified societies from rank or egalitarian societies is:   	4	unequal access to prestige.   	authority of males over females.   	authority of adults over children.   	unequal access to valued economic resources.   	unequal access to ladders.   	
#12,035 Class is to caste as:    	5	western is to nonwestern.   	equality is to rank.   	economics is to prestige.   	equality is to social sratification.   	open is to closed.   	
#12,036 The highest ranking caste group in India, according to ritual ranking criteria, are the:   	1	Brahmins.   	Bhangis.   	Nais.   	Rajputs.   	Kisans.   	
#12,037 A. system of social stratification marked by ranked groups into which people are born and from which they may not move is called:   	2	a rank society   	a caste system   	a class system   	an egalitarian society   	a prestige system   	
#12,038 The lowest caste group living in the Indian village of Nagar is:    	3	the Nai (barbers)   	the Dholi (drummers)   	the Bhangi (sweepers)   	the Chamar (leather tanners)   	The dhobi (washerman)   	
#12,039 The social position of individuals or groups based on their association with other ranked items and behavior is called:   	4	caste.   	class.   	social stratification.   	attributional rank.   	interactional rank   	
#12,040 When an Indian claims that Chamars (leather tanners) are untouchable because they work with dead animals, which are extremely impure, they are making a judgment based on:  	5	class.   	caste.   	hierarchy.   	interactional rank.   	attributional rank.   	
#12,041 In India, defilement is caused by:    	4	bodily transitions and processes.   	corpses.   	hair clippings.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#12,042 In India, Brahmin priests will take water in an earthenware pot only from:   	1	other Brahmins.   	Rajput Warriors and Brahmins.   	any members of clean castes.   	any worshippers who have purified themselves.   	any man who is clean, but no women.   	
#12,043 Bhangi sweepers will accept water from:    	2	only Brahmins.   	members of every caste.   	members of clean castes only.   	other untouchables, only.   	Brahmins and Rajputs only.   	
#12,044 In the Indian village of Nagar,               must sit apart from members of other clean castes when men sit and talk.   	3	Brahmins (priests)   	Rajputs (warriors)   	Bhangis (sweepers)   	Nais (barbers)   	Kisans (farmers)   	
#12,045 A. criterion of interactional rank that regulates who may eat together is called:   	1	commensality.   	proximity.   	social mobility.   	wealth.   	class structure.   	
#12,046 When Brahmins refuse to take water from a clay pot from members of any caste but their own, they are following rules of:   	3	proximity.   	attributional rank.   	interactional rank.   	egalitarian society.   	class stratification.   	
#12,047 The process of gaining rank in a system of social stratification is called:   	2	social movement.   	social mobility.   	interactional rank intensification.   	super stratification.   	commensalitization.   	
#12,048 When Nadars first became conscious as a group of their low status in South Indian caste system, they initially attempted to deal with the situation by:  	4	claiming Kshatriya status.   	changing attributes of rank.   	changing the way of interacting with other castes.   	converting to Christianity.   	wearing the traditional high caste breast cloth.   	
#12,049 One of the most dramatic changes in attributional rank made by Nadars in their quest for higher status was:   	5	their refusal to take meat from high caste people.   	their unwillingness to accept water from Brahmins.   	the cessation of cattle slaughter and beef eating.   	their use of the caste mark on their foreheads.   	the wearing of the traditional high caste breast cloth.  	
#12,050 In egalitarian societies, men often have the right to command the actions of women, and adult men and women can direct the activities of children.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,051 In the United States, there is both a class and a caste system.    	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,052 A. class system is a ranked hierarchy of groups in which recruitment is by birth and membership is permanent.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,053 IN INDIA, CASTE NOT ONLY GOVERNS RELATIVE PRIVLEGE, WEALTH, AND POWER, IT ALSO GUIDES THE WAY PEOPLE MUST SIT, TALK, AND SMOKE IN PUBLIC.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,054 In India, lower caste people are permitted to drink liquor whereas those of high caste are not allowed to do so.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,055 When an Indian claims that Chamar leather tanners are untouchables because they work with dead cattle, he is using an attributional ranking system to determine position within the Indian caste system. 	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,056 Interactional rank would be exemplified by the way the members of a particular Indian caste relate to polluting and purifying substances.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,057 In the Indian village of Nagar, members of all castes may share the hand pipe so long as no one touches it with his lips.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,058 In a class system, social mobility is a personal matter whereas in a caste system, the only way mobility is possible is by the movement of the entire caste groups.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,059 What is the "dualism in the basic assumptions" of the Anglo- Americans' perceptions of Mexican-Americans in "Border City," Texas?  	3	The Anglo-Americans pretend to admire the Mexican- American lifestyle, and then talk about the Mexicans behind their backs. 	The Anglo-Americans claim to dislike and distrust the Mexican-Americans, but secretly admire them.  	The Anglo-Americans assume all Mexicans can ultimately be assimilated into American culture, yet also assume Mexicans will always be different and inferior. 	The Anglo-Americans assume that Mexicans are incapable of full participation in American culture, yet have insisted that they be fully involved in all activities in Border City. 	The Anglos assume all Mexicans want to become fully Americanized, yet also assume that all Mexicans really want to return to Mexico where they belong. 	
#12,060 From the viewpoint of the Anglo-Americans in Border City, a "high type" of Mexican is:   	2	any true descendent of the original Mexican ranchers and hacienda owners of the 1850s.  	a Mexican whose lifestyle, occupation, and values most closely approximate Anglo lifestyles and values.  	the Mexicans who lead the most admirably moral lives in their own "colonia" characterized by close family ties and no drinking. 	the Mexicans who are most respectful towards the Anglos, and who fully accept the justice of their lower social position in Border City. 	the Mexicans whose lifestyle is the most purely Mexican, and least influenced by Anglo ways.  	
#12,061 The major function of the Anglo stereotypes of Mexicans in Border City, is   	4	to present a united front to the Mexican-Americans, so that Mexicans won't have a chance to learn what Anglos are "really" like. 	to maintain their image of the "ideal" Mexican as a standard of morality which they (the Anglos) try to achieve.  	to hold up to the Mexicans an image of success which the C. Mexicans can then attempt to live by and achieve.  	to justify the lower-class status and occupations of Mexicans, and their exclusion from power and prestige in Border City life. 	none of the above: The Anglo-Americans try very hard to live up to their own ideals of democracy, and therefore avoid stereotyping anyone. 	
#12,062 The Mexican-Americans in Border City hold which of the following stereotypes about the Anglo-Americans?   	1	Anglos are held to be for the most part, ambitious, industrious, mercenary, exploitative, and cold.  	Anglos are held to be friendly, open, and helpful to people less well-off than themselves.  	Anglos are held to be basically inferior to Mexicans, especially in morals, so that Mexicans take comfort in their own intrinsic superiority. 	Anglos and Anglo ways are held by all Mexicans to be far superior to anything Mexican.  	none of the above: Being more socially aware, Mexicans understand Anglos in all their variety, and do not stereotype them. 	
#12,063 Among the Mexican-Americans in Border City,    	5	It is the lower class Mexicans who are striving the hardest to improve their lot by rejecting Mexican ways in favor of Anglo ways. 	it is the middle class Mexicans who are clinging most tightly to their own "Mexican-ness" and rejecting Anglo ways.  	there is full agreement that all vestiges of Mexican-ness must be eliminated in order to become American.  	all are lower-class laborers, who are glad enough to have any work and do not even attempt to participate in the Anglo world.  	the middle-class Mexicans most explicitly hope to integrate the best of Anglo ways with the best of Mexican ways.  	
#12,064 If a paratrooper trainee gets scared and wants to drop out of the program, his instructor usually:   	1	assigns him quickly and quietly to some other unit, so other trainees won't "catch" his chicken-heartedness.  	calls a group meeting of all the trainees to discuss the men's fears and to give the faltering man support.  	forces him to go first on the next several jumps, so that he has to get over his panic.  	gives him a three-day pass as a "breather," so he can think it over, and hopefully return to finish training.  	publicly slaps the coward across the face, and makes him roll up all the other trainees' chutes for the rest of training.  	
#12,065 The process of becoming a paratrooper parallels non-Western initiation rites in which of the following ways?   	5	Trainees are separated from other military units and from the civilian world while they go through their special training.  	Trainees learn special paratrooper prayers, gestures, and songs which reinforce in-group solidarity.  	After completing training, the new paratroopers receive items of special clothing which symbolize their belonging to an elite group. 	Trainees learn and share a number of superstitious beliefs that help them jump safely.  	All of the above are characteristic of this and many other initiation rites of passage.  	
#12,066 The paratrooper trainee who pretended to be sick to avoid having to jump after touching a "jinxed" fellow trainee:   	5	was laughed at by all the other trainees and his NCO.   	was so ashamed of being superstitious and cowardly, he quit the program the next day.  	was ordered by his instructor to publically apologize to the so-called "jinx," and to be that man's jumping partner for the rest of training. 	had his bootlaces cut by his NCO, and was ordered to quit the program for his paranoid and undemocratic behavior.  	was listend to sympathetically and with agreement when he told friends his reason for not jumping.  	
#12,067 In the official "graduation" ceremony for paratroopers who have finished their training,   	3	the new paratroopers rejoin the units they belonged to before they left for the paratrooper training school.  	the new paratroopers stand with their own platoons, which reinforces the in-group solidarity of the men who went through training together. 	the new paratroopers stand in alphabetical order, which symbolizes the brotherhood of all paratroopers.  	the new paratroopers salute their officers, as a mark of respect for their leaders, and are then saluted in return.  	The NCO's, as the instructors, are required to formally introduce each of their trainees to the division commander.  	
#12,068 Why do the streetcorner men on Tally's corner show so little interest in, or commitment to, their jobs?   	2	They are basically lazy and irresponsible, and want to be provided for without having to do anything.  	The kinds of jobs they can get are unvalued by society at large, and therefore provide no rewards or satisfactions to these men. 	They are so much "present-oriented" that they have no concept of planning ahead, or working for future rewards and goals.  	They value themselves too highly to accept demeaning work, and are waiting for something better.  	They are mostly political activists, who refuse to do anything that keeps the white establishment going.  	
#12,069 Paratroopers, both during and after training, have been observed to engage in which of the following kinds of magical behavior or beliefs?  	4	avoiding people or things believed to be jinxed, in order to prevent accidents  	wearing lucky sweat socks, to ensure safe jumps   	giving one's original paratrooper wings to mom, in order not to lose them and risk death  	all of the above were examples of magic beliefs cited in the article.  	none of the above: These are intelligent, competent, rational military men, who would never behave in a superstitious way.  	
#12,070 Why do the Maroni River Caribs ("Female Initiation ... article) consider it necessary to keep a menstruating girl secluded in a hut far away from the river?  	2	They believe her bleeding will get into the river and pollute their water supply.  	They believe the waterspirit doesn't like the smell of menstruation, and would carry the girl away.  	They believe the blood means that she has sinned and must be punished.  	They believe her menstruation robs her of energy and life force, and she must remain in a quiet dark place to save what energy she has left. 	They believe the fertility spirit has entered her at this time, and that being outside or near running water would cause her fertility to be washed away from her. 	
#12,071 What does a Carib girl (from "Female Initiation ...) do during her period of reclusion in her menstrual hut?   	4	She dresses up in her finest clothes so that the god of fertility will be attracted to her.  	She sits for long hours of meditation and prayer to try to quiet the extra energy flow her body produces.  	She eats lots of sweet and fattening foods in the hopes that they will symbolically help make her "great with child".  	She spins cotton that she will later use to make a new hammock for a close kinsman.  	She invites all her girlfirends to join her in the hut, so they can all enjoy a few days of rest and friendship and celebration.  	
#12,072 On the last (eighth) day of her first menstrual period, a Carib girl goes through which of the following rituals to mark her entrance to adulthood?  	4	She is allowed to choose her favorite boyfriend and have sex with him in the menstrual hut.  	She washed herself in the river to symbolically remove the last traces of her polluting condition.  	She must grind an extra large pile of manioc to symbolize that her household will be well fed.  	A bit of burning cotton is placed in her hands, which she tosses back and forth to symbolize her future industriousness.  	She is whipped by her relatives with a willow switch to drive away any lingering evil associated with her first period.  	
#12,073 After a Carib girl has gone through her initiation,    	3	she usually goes to the big town to complete her schooling, so she can be a well-educated member of the household.  	she learns for the first time how to prepare manioc and take care of younger children.  	she is expected to stay home and keep busy doing domestic chores, spinning cotton in any spare time she may have.  	she is married off right away and leaves her home to go live with her husband's family.  	she is allowed a few years of idleness and "taking it easy", because her parents know how hard she will have to work once she is married. 	
#12,074 The rituals marking the end of a Carib girl's first menstruation, and her entry into adulthood symbolically stress which attributes of an adult woman?  	5	her beauty   	her fertility   	her spiritual dangerousness to men   	her inferiority to men   	her industriousness   	
#12,075 In the article on "Penny Capitalism ...", to what does the "wage-theft" system refer?   	3	The belief of employers that even minimum wage is overpaying these unskilled workers.  	The belief of employers that bing able to pay these workers so little, they (the employers) are almost "  	The practice of employers deliberately underpaying their workers on the assumption that their employees will make up the difference by stealing from the bosses. 	The practice of employers paying employees and then charging them a variety of fees, and thus "stealing back" a good protion of the employees' wages. 	   	
#12,076 How do the women speaking for themselves, in the "Maasai Women" movie, feel about female circumcision for themselves and for their daughters.  	1	They express happiness about it; their daughters look forward to it as their entry into womanhood.  	They regard the painfulness of this operation as a difficult but necessary experience for girls to go through in order to "toughen them up" for adult life. 	They resent the whole idea and practice of female circumcision as something they are forced to do in their male-dominated society. 	They dislike the practice, but accept it, with an air of resignation, as something that must be done simply because it is their custom. 	They are just now beginning to question the traditional thinking about this practice as they come to understand the true health risks involved 	
#12,077 How do the women in the "Maasai Women" movie respond to the male-dominated, male-centered society in which they live?   	4	They do not perceive their society as "male-centered" or that their own lives are controlled by men.  	They know that they have their own superior spiritual female power and so "allow" the men the illusion of "running things."  	They express a lot of anger and resentment about the structure of their society, but feel powerless to make any move to change things. 	They readily accept their lives as the way "things have always been," and seem content to live according to their culture's rules. 	Influenced by modern Western/European ideas, the younger Maasai women are beginning to insist on more rights of 'self-defemination' for themselves and their daughters. 	
#12,078 Among the Maasai of East Africa, the "moran" or warrior age set    	2	are encouraged to marry and start families soon after initiation in order to start producing the future warriors  	live as a group apart and hidden from the rest of the community  	must keep their heads shaved to symbolize their continued incompleteness and immaturity  	are not allowed to marry, so they must have their mothers do all the work that is appropriately women's work  	are the group responsibile for herding and protecting the cattle from predators or raiders  	
#12,079 Among the Maasai, the three stage age set system serves which of the following functions in the society?   	5	The age set create strong bonds of cooperation and loyalty among men who must work together to run the affairs of the tribe. 	The system prevents young men from competing with their elders for women or political power.  	It assigns important tasks for each set to do, which make good use of the particular physical or social capabilities of each age group. 	The system cuts across kinship lines, integrating males from several different descent groups.  	The age-set system serves all of these functions for the Maasai.   	
#12,080 As seen in the movie, "Maasai Women," when important occasions call for a blessing ritual, Maasai do which of the following?   	3	They draw a "safety circle" in the air in front of the faces of individuals to be blessed.  	They pass around a gourd of previously blessed water, from which everyone present takes a sip.  	They smear or spray milk on the faces of the individuals to be blessed.  	The laibon, or prophet, places his hand upon the head of each person to be blessed.  	The headman of the village makes an offering at the main ancestor shrine on behalf of his people.  	
#12,081 In a Maasai girl's rite of passage to adulthood, (as seen in the movie "Maasai Women"), which of the following events mark her "separation" from her child status?  	4	She is "circumcised" or undergoes a clitoridectomy.   	She gives away her jewelry to a younger sister.   	Her head is shaved.   	All of the above.   	None of the above:  In this patrilineal society, leaving her village upon marriage is what separates her from her childhood  	
#12,082 The myth told in the movie "Maasai Women" that explains why women are so controlled by and dependent upon men centers on which of the following ideas or themes?  	2	that First Woman was created from the flesh of First Man; thus women would have no existence at all were it not for the prior presence of men 	that women neglected their own herds of animals, which then became wild, leaving women dependent on the animals owned by men 	that women, being by nature the weaker sex, are not capable of doing the hard physical labor of herding cattle or building homes that Maasai life depends upon 	that First Woman was created from the soft flesh of the cow, while First Man was created from the study bone  	that the herds originally owned by women were stolen from them by men, who thus assumed control of Maasai life through force and treachery 	
#12,083 When the author of the article "Initiation of a Maasai Warrior" was preparing to go through his own circumcision process, what was the response of his family and other relatives?  	1	They cursed and insulted him, distancing from him, fearing that he would shame them.  	They went through purification rituals of their own, so that they could be present at the actual ceremony.  	They sang songs of praise and encouragement, proud that he would soon be a true warrior.  	They took especially good care of him, spoiling him with favorite foods, knowing this was their last chance to treat him as a beloved child. 	They went about their daily chores in a very "business as usual" manner, to convey the idea that this was a normal part of life and "no big deal." 	
#12,084 In his account of his own initiation as a Maasai warrior, one of the author's biggest challenges as a newly circumcised man was   	1	to successfully approach and sleep with a Maasai woman for the first time.  	to successfully track and kill a lion on his own   	to learn by heart the complex sacred songs and rituals that adult men must know to communicate with the ancestors  	to go on his first raid on a neighboring enemy's herd of cattle   	to go alone into the wilderness with no food or weapons on a vision quest, seeking the lifelong aid of supernatural spirit guardians  	
#12,085 According to Initiation of a Maasai Warrior after recovering from the operation, how did the lives of a newly circumcised men differ from their lives prior to circumcision?  	4	Once circumcised, the yound men were sent to instensive training camps to learn the fighting skills they would need as true warriors  	After circumcision, young men married the brides chosen for them by their parents, to begin having children to add to the lineages and clans 	After circumcision, young Maasai men gave up the carefree lives of boys, to assume adult responsibilities of managing the homestead  	After circumcision, the young men roamed the plains in groups, looking for adventure and girls  	After circumcision, the young men no longer enjoyed sexual freedom that had been permitted in their 'wild and reckless' youth  	
#12,090 In Sierra Lenoe, West Africa, what is the Bunda bush?    	1	It's the straw tent outside of town where young girls are taken to be circumcised  	It's the special hut behind each family's home where girls and women stay during thei menstrual period each month  	It's a camp or area outside of town where young women of marriagable age are allowed to take lovers prior to choosing a husband  	It's a special kind of tree where women leave offerings to their goddess of fertility in hopes of being granted a child  	It's the area outside of town where young men live to avoid coming into contact with sisters  	
#12,091 In Sierra Leone, West Africa (Bunda Article), how do most young girls like the author think or feel about the prospect of being circumcised?   	2	They look forward to this, in spite of the pain, because afterwards they will be able to get married  	They fear and dread this, and often have to be tricked into going through it  	It is so secret a process that young girls don't even know about it C. until it's their time  	They are glad and pround when it is their time to provetheir courage and their ability to withstand the future pain of childbirth  	They mostly accept if [without question] as the natural order of things, and figure that they have more important things to think about  	
#12,092 When the author of Bundu Trap was a young girl, who was going to have the final say as to when she would be circumcised?   	4	Her mother, who was in charge of all her daughters   	Her father, as head of her kinship group   	The girl herself was expected to make her own decision when she felt ready  	Her grandmother (father's mother) as teh eldest female in the lineage   	The village chief, who was responsible for all community event decisions   	
#12,093 In Bundu Trap, who was Mami Sowe?    	3	She was the girl's 'godmother', who looked out for her best interests and well-being  	She was the girl's mother, responsible for her discipline   	She was the trained circumciser, much feared by the girls   	She was the girl's grandmother (father's mother), who protected her   	She was the girl's favorite aunt   	
#12,094 Why did the women in Bundu Bush react with horror at the thought of a girl getting circumcised in the hospital?   	5	because in a hospital, a girl would be given anethesia and would not experience the pain considered a necessary part of A. the process 	because in a hospital this delicate 'woman's operation' would probably have to be performed by a man  	because in a hospital, a girl would have to go through the operation alone, and miss the bonding with her peers and friends  	because it would deprive the circumciser and assistants of their rightful employment  	because in a hospital, a girl would not be taught all the things she'll need to know as a respectful and respectable adult woman  	
#12,501 Joseph-Armand Bombardier was motivated to invent the snow- mobile because of:   	3	the plight of the Indians in Northern Canada.   	the lack of air travel in the far noth.   	his son's death.   	the possibilities of commercial reindeer herding.   	his wife's illness.   	
#12,502 The study of the way organisms interact with each other within an environment is called:   	1	ecology   	ecosystemology   	environmental determinism   	environmental possibilism   	physical environmentalism   	
#12,503 The study of how people use their culture to adapt to paticular environments is called:   	2	ecology   	cultural ecology   	environmentalism   	environmental determinism   	enviromental possibilism   	
#12,504 Cultural ecology is:    	3	the study of plants and animals.   	the interrelated plants, animals, and features of a particular environment.  	the study of the way people use culture to adapt to particular environments.  	the study of how the environment determines culture.   	the study of how the environment limits culture.   	
#12,505 Some scholars have argued that humid tropical climates make people lethargic.  Such an assertion would most likely come from a(n)  	4	cultural ecologist.   	environmentalist.   	environmental possibilist.   	environmental determinist.   	an ecosystemologist.   	
#12,506 According to anthropologist Marvin Harris, the protection of cattle in India:   	1	arose as a way to conserve a valuable resource.   	seriously blocks national development.   	is a religious survival that has no value ecologically.   	arose thousands of years ago when the invaders of India were still primarily pastoralists.  	all of the above   	
#12,507 In the far north environment of Lappland, reindeer occupy the:    	2	bottom of the food chain.   	the middle of the food chain.   	the top of the food chain.   	the cottonwood forests.   	lake bottoms.   	
#12,508 One reason that the Slave Indians of Canada have at least 13 different categories of ice is that they:   	4	harvest ice for sale to meat packing companies.   	use ice as house sites in winter.   	need to drive reindeer across frozen lakes.   	need to travel over ice when they trap and hunt.   	all of the above   	
#12,509 Farming carried out with simple hand tools such as the digging stick is called:   	1	horticulture.   	pastoralism   	agriculture.   	hunting and gathering.   	deforestation.   	
#12,510 The Karimojong described in Chapter 7 are:    	3	hunters and gatherers.   	agriculturists.   	pastoralists.   	horticulturists.   	industrialists.   	
#12,511 The Bhils described in Chapters 5 and 6 employ a food-getting technique best described as:   	2	pastoralism.   	agriculture.   	horticulture.   	industrial.   	hunting and gathering.   	
#12,512 In the years before the introduction of the snowmobile, Lapps:    	4	kept domesticated reindeer herds the year round.   	let reindeer roam wild throughout the year, hunting them down on skis when they needed meat.  	captured the herd in the summer and let animals go in the winter.  	captured the herd in the winter and let animals roam wild in the summer.  	had nothing to do with reindeer, depending for food on fish and lichen.  	
#12,513 The introduction of the snowmobile among the Skolt Lapps of Finland has:   	5	made reindeer herding more democratic since now every family can make it to roundups.  	made it possible for Lapps to keep their animals domesticated the year round.  	decreased their dependence on outside forces like the Finnish Government.  	contributed to the equality of Lapp women by providing an independent means of travel.  	decreased the weight of reindeer who become frightened by the noisy machines.  	
#12,514 The seasonal variation in the traditional life of the Skolt Lapps was mainly a response to the needs of:   	2	fish.   	reindeer.   	sled dogs.   	snowmobiles.   	lichen.   	
#12,515 The snowmobile quickly became popular among the Skolt Lapps because it was:   	1	much faster than traditional modes of travel.   	cheaper than dog sleds and their teams.   	much more effective during reindeer roundups because animals were herded together quickly by the noise.  	safer and more reliable than dog sleds.   	all of the above   	
#12,516 In Lapp culture, the snowmobile has rapidly come to be associated with:   	1	increasing dependence on resources supplied by outside world.   	a strong sense of equality.   	a strong family life.   	an increase in the size and health of reindeer herds.   	an increase in the amount of meat provided by single reindeer at slaughter.  	
#12,517 As a result of the introduction of the snowmobile among the Skolt Lapps, the health and vitality of reindeer herds has:   	4	improved dramatically.   	improved only slightly.   	remained about the same.   	deteriorated.   	not been determined.   	
#12,518 Environmental determinists believed that human beings were able to alter and change their environment through progress and the use of advanced technology.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,519 Recently, some anthropologists (most notibly Marvin Harris) have argued that most human customs, no matter how useless they seem to be, have adaptive utility.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,520 Marvin Harris, taking the position of the cultural ecologist, has shown how cattle in India are a drain on the Indian national economy.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,522 Slave Indians have a much more complex classification of ice than do most people living in the United States.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,523 Because they consider ice to be unreliable, Slave Indians avoid travelling across it when they go trapping.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,524 Technology includes tools and the cultural strategies for making and using them.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,525 Many anthropologists argue that food-getting strategies have little impact on the shape of society.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,526 To the Slave Indians, "brittle," "slippery," "blue," and "black" are categories of obsidian from which to make hand polished stone axes.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,527 Although their traditional society was egalitarian, the adoption of the snowmobile has led to differences in rank among the Skolt Lapps.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,528 The adoption of the snowmobile by the Skolt Lapps has created inequality by permitting families with members who are successful mechanics to collect and mark more animals during reindeer roundups. 	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,529 The snowmobile has enabled Skolt Lapps to care more closely for their reindeer because people are able to travel to the herds more easily.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,530 The economic system may be defined as:    	3	the activity rendering material items useful and making them available for human use.  	the cultural rules people employ to assign rights of ownership and use of resouces.  	the provision of goods and services to meet biological and social wants.  	the rules that govern the assignment of jobs to people.   	the transfer of goods and services based on price, supply, and demand.  	
#12,531 The activity of rendering material items useful and making them available for human use is called:   	4	the economic system   	the unit of production.   	market exchange   	production.   	distribution.   	
#12,532 The cultural rules people employ to assign rights to the ownership and use of resources is called:   	5	private ownership.   	unit of production.   	the economic system.   	production.   	allocation of resources.   	
#12,533 The cultural knowledge for making and using tools and extracting and refining raw materials is called:   	2	production.   	technology.   	unit of production.   	division of labor.   	private property.   	
#12,534 The division of labor is defined as:    	3	the provision of goods and services to meet biological and social wants.  	the activity of rendering material items useful and making them available for human use.  	the rules that govern the assignment of jobs to people.   	the person or organized group responsible for producing something.  	the cultural knowledge for making and using tools.   	
#12,535 The person or organized group responsible for producing something is called:   	4	private ownership association.   	the economic system.   	the division of labor.   	the unit of production.   	the unit of distribution.   	
#12,536 An automobile factory, a one-person repair shop, and a group of people who remodel houses are all examples of:   	5	a labor division.   	technological crews.   	economic system.   	resouce allocations.   	units of production.   	
#12,537 The most important unit of production in many agrarian societies such as the Bhils of India is:   	1	the family.   	the lineage.   	the factory.   	the individual.   	the village.   	
#12,538 The most important unit of production in Santo Domingo is the:   	2	village cooperative.   	family.   	lineage.   	government sponsored work cooperative.   	individual.   	
#12,539 The cultural rules for the transfer of goods and services among people is called:   	3	the division of labor.   	the unit of production.   	economic exchange.   	the economic system.   	the allocation of resources.   	
#12,540 The transfer of goods and servies based on price, supply, and demand is called:   	4	the allocation of resources.   	reciprocity.   	non-market exchange.   	market exchange.   	redistribution.   	
#12,541 Reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange are all kinds of:   	5	production units.   	productive systems.   	ways to sell goods.   	gift giving arrangements.   	exchange systems.   	
#12,542 The transfer of goods and services between two people or groups based on role obligation is called:   	1	reciprocal exchange.   	redistributive exchange.   	market exchange.   	productive exchange.   	direct exchange.   	
#12,543 Direct need, maximization, and the setting of the value of goods are all characteristics of:   	2	reciprocal exchange.   	market exchange.   	redistributive exchange.   	nonmarket exchange.   	none of the above   	
#12,544 Taxes would best be classified as:    	5	a non-economic exchange.   	a unit of production.   	market exchange.   	reciprocal exchange.   	redistributive exchange.   	
#12,545 The exchange of gifts at Christmas in the United States is an example of:   	3	market exchange.   	redistributive exchange.   	reciprocal exchange.   	direct need and the setting of value.   	money.   	
#12,546 The compadrazgo system found in Santo Domingo and other Mexican communities often involves:   	5	the permanent adoption of children.   	the ownership of children.   	market exchange.   	redistributive exchange.   	reciprocal exchange.   	
#12,547 The !Kung of the Kalahari desert place a strong value on the private ownership of goods and resources.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,548 As nations industrialize, each individual task performed by individuals becomes more complex than tasks found in nonindustrial societies.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,549 In virtually every society, from the !Kung of the Kalahari desert to the suburbanites of Bayonne, New Jersey, men and women perform at least some tasks exclusively.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,550 Clans are the most important units of production in kinship organized societies.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,551 In the village of Santo Domingo discussed in the text, most Mexican families cannot meet their economic wants through farming alone.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,552 As described in the text, a major economic productive activity of the Estrada family is the manufacture of handcrafted silver items for sale to American tourists.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,553 In the Mexican village of Santo Domingo described in the text, most manufacturing processes are performed from start to finish by the same person.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,554 When the Estradas sell pottery in the Mexican village of Santo Domingo or in nearby towns, they engage in what anthropologists call market exchange.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,555 Reciprocal exchange is associated with large societies where people must be able to procure a wide variety of goods from strangers.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,556 Money is a market device designed to facilitate exchange by acting as a medium for it.  It is also used to state the value of goods.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,557 When someone has a birthday and receives presents from family members, the exchange cannot be called reciprocal because that person does not give gifts back to this kin at the same time.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,558 Because they are based on one's role obligation, tax payments are a kind of reciprocal exchange.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,559 Cultural ecology studies have clearly demonstrated that:    	2	the natural environment determines what cultural adaptations will be developed by a society.  	the natural environment sets limits within which cultures may adapt in a variety of ways.  	cultural adaptations enable humans to ignore the natural environments.  	cultural adaptations grow out of causes internal to a society and have little to do with natural environmental settings.  	   	
#12,560 The "snowmobile revolution" has had which of the following effects on the lives of the Skolt Lapps of Finland?   	1	It has resulted in increasing social stratification in a formerly mostly egalitarian culture.  	It has greatly increased the efficiency of the winter round-up, as much larger herds of reindeer can be collected and herded by fewer men in shorter time. 	It has benefited the health of the reindeer, as they no longer have to undergo the long, tiring winter drives.  	It has decreased the Lapps' economic dependence on outside forces such as the Finnish government.  	All of the above are consequences of the recent introduction of the snowmobile.  	
#12,561 The "snowmobile revolution" case illustrates which of the following anthropological principles?   	2	that the introduction of modern technology improves the economic well-being of people in traditional cultures.  	that a culture is an integrated system, so that a change in one part often affects many other aspects of a culture.  	That people in traditional cultures carefully consider all possible consequences, before adopting a new technology.  	that people in traditional cultures usually refuse to adopt new ideas from outside sources that challenge old ways.  	All of the above processes of culture change are clearly illusrated in this case study.  	
#12,562 The concept of "cultural environment" most accurately refers to:    	4	the tools, shelters, and other humanly produced items that enable people to adapt to their physical environment.  	The social networks of statuses and roles which make up a society.  	the special areas in which a society displays its finest arts, like museums.  	the cultural categories into which people of a given culture classify the most important features of their environment.  	Those aspects of a culture which are not immediately connected with food production and other survival-necessary tasks.  	
#12,563 An economic system is defined most accurately as comprising:    	3	hoticulture and agriculture.   	reciprocity and redistribution.   	a system of production and a system of distribution.   	technology and resources.   	a natural environment and a cultural environment.   	
#12,564 In the case study of the economic system in Santo Domingo, a pottery producing town in Oaxaca, Mexico, the most important unit of production seems to be:  	3	the village.   	the individual.   	the family.   	the neighborhood.   	the state.   	
#12,565 When Maria Estrada, of Santo Domingo, exchanges her pottery for as much money or corn as she can get, she is primarily engaging in:  	1	market exchange.   	reciprocity.   	redistribution.   	allocation of resources.   	production.   	
#12,566 People are generally motivated to engage in which kind of transaction by an immediate or direct need/want for the goods to be acquired?  	2	reciprocity   	market exchange   	redistribution   	allocation of resources   	primary production   	
#12,567 The passing of the collection plate in church is an example of:   	3	reciprocity.   	market exchange.   	redistribution.   	allocation of resources.   	primary production.   	
#12,568 Buddies at a college pub taking turns sending drinks to each other across the room are engaging in:   	1	reciprocity.   	market exchange.   	redistribution.   	allocation of resources.   	primary production.   	
#12,569 A. major objective of which kind of exchange is maximization of your investment of time, energy, skill, etc.?   	2	reciprocity   	market exchange   	redistribution   	allocation of resources   	primary production   	
#12,570 Which kind of exchange is most likely to occur between strangers, whose relationship exists only during and for the purpose of the transaction?  	2	reciprocity   	market exchange   	redistribution   	allocation of resources   	primary production   	
#12,600 What was the traditional or original use for camels in India's "land of kings," prior to independence from the British in the 1940's?  	2	Camels were used primarily in long-distance trade caravans across the barren desert of central India.  	Camels were used extensively in warfare both as a fighting unit and for military transport.  	Camels were kept for sport, specially bred and trained for racing to entertain the princely courts.  	Camels were a major source of meat in the diets of Hindus, who could not eat the flesh of sacred cows.  	Camels were valued most for their renewable by-products of milk and hair.  	
#12,601 In the forty-fifty years since India's independence, the camel breeders of Rajasthan have been able to make their living by providing camels primarily for  	1	camel-cart transportation of goods across the barren, often roadless expanses of central/western India  	the growing tourist trade, for popular camel rides and for longer safari expeditions through the game reserves  	the military, which uses the camels to patrol the largely unpopulated borders between India and Pakistan  	the milk and milk by-products camels can offer to a nation often close to famine  	none of the above.  That's the trouble:  there simply are no uses for camels in the modern world  	
#12,602 The Raikas, camel breeders of central India, are similar to the Maasai cattle keepers of eastern Africa in which of the following ways?  	5	Both groups have creation myths which explain their A. traditional ties to their animals as acts of God.  	Herders in both groups have very detailed knowledge of, and emotional attachment to, each individual animal in their herds.  	Both cultures have lost access to large parts of their traditional grazing areas as new demands or claims are made on these lands 	Herders of both groups are skilled at controlling their animals with soft-spoken vocalizations (words or songs).  	All of the above   	
#12,603 Raika camel breeders of India are similar to Maasai cattle keepers of Africa in their efficient and thorough usage of all products and parts of their animals.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#12,604 Raika camel herders of India and Skolt Lapp reindeer herders have both experienced which of the following changes in their lives in recent times?  	4	A new transport technology has revitalized their traditional life-styles, improving the standard of living for whole communities. 	With availability of modern veterinary knowledge, the health of their herds has noticeably improved.  	In response to difficult times, both groups are using their animals for meat a great deal more than they used to.  	Both groups have watched their animals' health and fertility deteriorate (worsen) in response to changes of the past few decades. 	None of the above:  The central Indian desert and the Arctic tundra are too different to permit any comparison of herding life-styles. 	
#12,605 A. possible new source of income for the Raika camel breeders of India may be   	3	to supply camels for the growing tourist industry of safaris through India's new game reserves  	to sell the fine wool of their camels to the growing world market in natural fiber clothing  	to sell their camels' milk to the tea vendors (sellers) in Indian towns  	to supply camels for the desert branches of India's army to patrol the long borders with often hostile neighbors  	none of the above:  The Raikas refuse to sell their camels or any camel products across caste lines or to outsiders  	
#12,606 The Raika camel breeders of central India have traditionally followed which of the following self-, or caste-imposed restrictions on the commercial usage of their animals?  	5	Caste rules prohibit selling milk for a profit; if there is extra, it should be given to the needy.  	They believe it is wrong to in anyway process the camel milk into longer lasting milk products, such as cheese  	Caste rules prohibit Raika use of products of dead camels, such as leather or bone  	They refuse to slaughter their animals to use them for meat.   	All of the above are traditional Raika rules which limit commercial use of their animals.  	
#12,607 In the article on bananas, pineapples, and watermelon, why did the author and his family end up with "no watermelon at all"?  	3	The only source of watermelon in this region of Papua, New Guinea, was in a village currently hostile to the village they were staying in 	Their host family had a clan taboo against eating watermelon, so, as guests, the author's family felt obliged to honor that restriction. 	They had to return the watermelon they had bought, and it was the end of watermelon season.  	The watermelons that year had been infested with a fungus disease, and could not be eaten.  	They don't grow watermelons in Papua, New Guinea!   	
#12,608 In the article on bananas, etc., how did the author and his family acquire fresh food?   	1	They participated in the village gift exchange system, receiving food as gifts and offering their tobacco and gum supplies in exchange. 	They were given their own garden plot, and taught how to grow the whole range of native foods--a real exercise in participant-observation 	They bought their food supplies at the weekly market, as did all the villagers, thus supporting the local economy  	They brought in their own supplies of canned food, so as not to be a drain on the scarce food supply in this region.  	They learned to go from door to door asking for food; village rules of hospitality assured that they could not be turned down.  	
#12,609 In the article on bananas and other fruits, what did the author and his family finally learn to do about the "too many bananas"?   	3	They learned to let the stalks of bananas pile up, and rot, on their porch, as a sign of their high status as guests.  	They buried the bananas they couldn't eat in their garden, so the villagers would not think them ungrateful for the gifts.  	They figured out they could give the bananas they had been given to other visitors from the village.  	They offered their excess supply to the headman, to contribute to his position as local "Big Man."  	They learned to love, and eat, a lot of bananas!  No such thing as "too many."  	
#12,610 In the article on bananas, etc., what lesson did the author and family have to learn in the pineapple incident?   	4	They finally learned where and how to "draw the line" on the woman who "freeloaded," by refusing to give her anything unless she brought them something first. 	They learned that old women were to be pitied, and were not expected to participate in gift exchange.  	They learned that they were not supposed to buy anything, but had to wait until it was offered, even if it meant going hungry. 	They learned that they had been wrong both to refuse the old woman's requests and to demand a gift from her, even if she was owing. 	They learned that "borrowing" is the same as "stealing."   	
#13,000 The process of making and carrying out public policy according to cultural categories and rules is called:   	1	the political process.   	legitimacy.   	support.   	government.   	coercion.   	
#13,002 Guidelines that lead directly to action are called:    	3	public statements.   	political directives.   	policy.   	political rules.   	government regulations.   	
#13,003 Which one of the following could best be classified as a "public"?   	4	a Bhil lineage   	a Karimojong homestead   	an American college student body   	all of the above   	a government   	
#13,004 A. group composed of political specialists and associated with a state is called:   	5	a tribe.   	a public.   	a state.   	authorities.   	a government.   	
#13,005 According to the text, the Cree Indians living at Rupert's House, Quebec, were traditionally:   	1	a stateless society.   	part of a larger Cree state.   	the center of traditional Cree government.   	lacking any sign of a political process.   	ruled by elected leaders.   	
#13,006 The right to make and enforce public policy is called:    	2	coercion.   	authority.   	support.   	divine kingship   	leadership.   	
#13,007 A. faction is a kind of:    	3	segmentary opposition.   	interest group.   	conflict group.   	state.   	political process.   	
#13,008 Conflict groups that represent the division of existing groups and that exist solely for the purpose of contesting public policy are called:  	4	states.   	segments.   	interest groups.   	factions   	families.   	
#13,009 As described in the text, the group known as the CEL (Citizens Environmental League), which opposed the discharge of wastes from the Monticello Nuclear Plant, would best be classified as a:  	2	faction.   	interest group.   	segment.   	authority group.   	support group.   	
#13,010 Anyone who is able to influence the members of a group to act together is called a(n):   	3	king.   	president.   	leader.   	authority.   	president.   	
#13,011 Anything that contributes to the adoption of public policy and its enforcement is called:   	4	authority.   	coercion.   	legitimacy.   	support.   	the political system.   	
#13,012 When people feel that a policy is wrong, but accept it because they value the government that makes the policy, they are giving a kind of support called:  	1	legitimacy.   	coercion.   	authority.   	governmental.   	popular.   	
#13,013 Groups that lack a formal government and clearcut territories are called:   	2	states.   	stateless societies.   	rank societies.   	kingdoms.   	maximal territories.   	
#13,014 Every society has:    	3	a government.   	a king.   	a political system.   	a formally designated leader.   	none of the above   	
#13,015 When a conflict group represents a division of an existing social group, it is called a:   	5	segment of opposition.   	interest group.   	stateless society.   	party.   	faction.   	
#13,016 Although they may be relatively small and simply constructed, stateless societies do have governments.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,017 Stateless societies such as the Cree lack a government and do not engage in political activity.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,018 Families, neighborhoods, states, villages, fraternities, and the American Motorcyclist Association can all be conflict groups in the political process.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,019 As described in the text, the CEL (Citizens Environmental League) is best classified as a conflict group called a faction.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,020 In the political process surrounding the licensing of the Monticello Nuclear Plant, the CEL (Citizens Environmental League) had the authority to make public policy.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,021 Bhil headmen have the authority to make and enforce public policy in every matter concerning a whole village.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,022 Coercion is a kind of support based on the threat or use of force.  However, if a person gives support on the basis of a short-term gain, such as a bribe, we also call it coercion.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,023 According to the text, members of the CEL (Citizens Environmental League) managed to block the construction of the Monticello Nuclear Plant.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,024 One of the goals of conflict groups is to generate public support for their point of view.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,025 The threat or use of force to generate support for public policy is called authority.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,026 The cultural knowledge that people use to settle disputes by means of agents who have recognized authority is called:   	1	law.   	substantive law.   	the court system.   	procedural law.   	self redress.   	
#13,027 Law is the cultural knowledge that people use to settle disputes through:   	2	the use of force.   	agents who have recognized authority.   	courts.   	judges.   	the police.   	
#13,028 The Zapotec live in:    	3	Central India.   	northern Peru.   	southern Mexico.   	Panama.   	western Brazil.   	
#13,029 The reason that Laura Nader's dispute with the priest of Ralu'a (described in text, chapter on law) never became a legal matter is because:  	1	it never reached agents with authority to settle it.   	she managed to settle it herself.   	the priest moved to another village.   	the local court could not come to a decision.   	people living in the village wanted to cover it up.   	
#13,030 As described in the text, there was a dispute among some women of Ralu'a over which stones they could use for washing clothes at the well.  When it first started, this was a(n):  	2	legal dispute.   	infralegal dispute.   	extralegal dispute.   	procedural dispute.   	feud.   	
#13,031 Any dispute that is below the level of the legal process is a(n):   	3	legal dispute.   	extralegal dispute.   	infralegal dispute.   	feud.   	war.   	
#13,032 A. feud is an example of:    	5	procedural law.   	a legal dispute.   	an ordeal.   	an infralegal dispute.   	an extralegal dispute.   	
#13,033 As discussed in the text, when the men's well association in Ralu'a decided to intervene in the dispute among women over rights to washing stones at the well, the dispute became:  	1	a legal dispute.   	an extralegal dispute.   	a feud.   	an infralegal dispute.   	a moot.   	
#13,034 The legal statutes that define right and wrong are called:    	4	legal rules.   	extralegal rules.   	procedural law.   	substantive law.   	infralegal law.   	
#13,035 The informal rule that states, "When you see a poor man on skid row who is drunk, arrest him; those of the middle and upper classes who are drunk in other parts of town need not be arrested," is an example of: 	5	an extralegal rule   	a legal principle.   	self redress.   	procedural law.   	substantive law.   	
#13,036 In Ralu'a, two people were fined for flirting with each other by the presidente.  This prohibition on flirting is an example of:   	1	substantive law.   	procedural law.   	a legal principle.   	the infralegal principle.   	the extralegal dispute system.   	
#13,037 The agreed upon ways to settle a dispute are called:    	3	courts.   	legal principles.   	procedural law.   	substantive law.   	self-redress.   	
#13,038 Which one of the following is not a mechanism for settling legal disputes?   	4	self-redress   	the use of a go-between   	the contest   	the feud   	the moot   	
#13,039 When disputes are settled through a community meeting that provides for an informal airing of the conflict, we term this kind of settlement process:  	5	an ordeal.   	self-redress.   	a court.   	a contest.   	a moot.   	
#13,040 A. tramp who has been arrested for public drunkenness goes before a judge and is sentenced to 30 days in jail.  This kind of dispute settlement process is called:  	2	an ordeal.   	a court.   	a moot.   	self-redress.   	a contest.   	
#13,041 A. broad conception of some desirable state of affairs that gives rise to many substantive and procedural rules is calld:   	4	a moot.   	a verdict.   	making the balance.   	a legal principle.   	the legal structure.   	
#13,042 In Ralu'a the notion that, "it is good to know how to make the balance," is a:   	3	substantive law.   	procedural law.   	a legal principle.   	a moot point.   	an extralegal principle.   	
#13,043 According to anthropologist Laura Nader, in Ralu'a which of the following is a strong value which underlies the community's substantive and procedural law?  	5	private property   	hard work   	becoming successful   	privacy   	maintaining equilibrium   	
#13,044 The primary means of gaining conformity and order from individual members of a society is through enculturation.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,045 Stateless societies that have no formal system of government also lack a legal system.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,046 Many disputes that mark human interaction are never settled legally or in any other way.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,047 When the anthropologist arrived in Ralu'a, she quickly found herself in a dispute with the local priest over whether or not she was a spy sent by the American Government.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,048 The dispute over washing stone rights among the women of Ralu'a is a good example of the extralegal dispute called a feud.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,049 In Ralu'a the presidente is part of the village legal system.    	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,050 In Ralu'a, law prohibits a man from beating his wife.    	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,051 In the village of Ralu'a, there is no substantive law that prohibits a man from beating his wife.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,052 When disputes are settled through a community meeting that provides for an informal airing of the conflict we call the settlement process self-redress.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,053 In some societies, such as the Apache, it is legal for a person to settle a dispute himself, even to the point of killing the transgressor.  Such a dispute settlement process is called self-redress. 	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,054 In the village of Ralu'a, to make the balance means that in any dispute, settlement requires that no guilt be established and that parties to the dispute receive equal fines or other punishment. 	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,055 Politics, as seen from an anthropological viewpoint,    	2	is a defining characteristic of complex, urban societies, and as such is never found in the more simple, kin- based "folk" societies. 	is the process of making and carrying out decisions which affect a group.  	requires elected or appointed full-time specialists and an organized bureaucratic system.  	is the process by which 2 or more opposing factions nominate candidates for public office, and then put the choice to the public to select the best qualified leaders. 	is a dirty, ugly business of conflict and backstabbing between special interest groups and therefore is not worthy of anthropological study. 	
#13,056 Which of the following was the principle political issue involved in the Twin Cities dispute regarding the dumping of nuclear wastes into the river?  	1	whether disposal of waste materials was a private concern of the power company or a matter of public concern, open to political debate and subject to public policy-making procedures. 	whether citizens of American cities have a right to question or disagree with policies decided upon by their local, state, or federal governments. 	whether the Atomic Energy Commission had been given too much power by the federal government.  	who should lead the newly formed Citizens' Environmental league of Saint Paul.  	whether the concerned citizens had a right to try to blow up the nuclear power plant in order to protect themselves from its harmful effects. 	
#13,057 Authority is:    	4	complete control over the behavior of others.   	bureaucracies, backed up by military and police power.   	the ability to lead without threat or coercion.   	the publicly recognized right to make and enforce public policy.  	   	
#13,058 When Anthropologist Laura Nader went to the Zapotec town in Oaxaca to study its legal system,   	3	she was denied access to dispute cases, because Zapotecs regard law as men's affair.  	the village priest expressed misgivings about the fact that she was not a wife and mother, and therefore might be a prostitute. 	the village priest denounced her as a Protestant missionary, who had come to stir up trouble between the Catholics and the Protestants in town. 	she discovered that all Zapotec disputes were settled by the village priest, acting as God's agent.  	all of the above   	
#13,059 In the Zapotec town, the Well Association resolved the controversy over the washing stones by:   	3	calling a town meeting to discuss the problem, air grievances, and encourage the two women to patch up their quarrel.  	assigning blame--finding one of the women guilty and ordering B. her to pay a fine to the other woman.  	taking action to remove the source of the problem.   	calling in the district authorities to settle the case.   	threatening to publicly thrash both women if they did not resolve their differences.  	
#13,060 From an anthropological point of view, "law" or a "legal system"    	5	includes all forms of social control utilized by a society.   	exists only in societies organized into states, where political authority exists to back up legal decisions.  	requires the existence of organized courts with full-time legal specialists such as police forces, judges, etc.  	refers to any methods used by people or groups to resolve disputes among themselves.  	refers to methods of dispute settlement or norm enforcement regarded by the public at large as being done in a legitimate manner by persons of recognized authority. 	
#13,061 The stories and case studies about filial disobedience in the text show that the Zapotecs believe that:   	4	sons may, with just cause, disobey their fathers.   	sons may disobey their fathers but never hit them.   	sons must always obey their fathers but that fathers must never- theless fulfill their obligations to support and protect their sons. 	fathers are always right and must always be obeyed, and that they are obliged neither to protect nor to support their sons.  	   	
#13,062 Among the Zapotecs, the main legal principle underlying their handling of many specific cases is:   	1	to achieve a balance, a state of equilibrium in the universe.   	to determine the objective truth.   	to assign blame.   	to restore friendly cooperative relationships.   	to uphold the power and authority of the male elders.   	
#13,063 Ba Ila and Ifugao legal systems are similar in which of the following ways?   	5	In both cultures, a man can expect his kin group to support him in a dispute.  	In both cultures, it is expected that men in dispute with each other will lie, if they can get away with it, in order to support their case. 	In both cultures, the possibility of feud exists if the negotiating process breaks down.  	In both cultures, settlement of legal cases is considered a male activity.  	All of the above are noticeable similaritis between the two cultures' approaches to law.  	
#13,064 Ba Ila and Ifugao legal systems are similar in which of these following ways?   	1	Both cultures have a legal concept that injury to another can be cancelled by payment of an appropriate fine.  	Both cultures have both private and public law as alternative methods of dispute settlement.  	Both cultures employ the use of go-betweens who argue both sides of the case in an attempt to get the disputants to reach a compromise. 	In both cultures there is an ultimate authority who may be called in to decide a case if and when all other means of resolution fail. 	All of the above are clear similarities between these two primitive cultures' legal systems.  	
#13,065 In the Ba Ila dispute between Nabatu (of the Zebras) and Shako (of the Scorpions), Nabatu eventually lost his case because:   	2	it was Shako who had actually fought the lion and therefore A. deserved the compensation for his injuries.  	Nabatu had askd for Shako's help and was therefore legally responsible for anything that happened to Shako.  	Nabatu lied under oath before the chief, and thereby lost his otherwise rightful claim.  	it was determined that Nabatu had run away from the lion, and because of his cowardice lost the support of his own elders.  	just the fact that the Scorpions were a much larger and more powerful clan persuaded the Zebras to back down and grant Shako his claim. 	
#13,066 The dispute between Eagle and Pitchpine, in the Ifugao case, was ultimately settled:   	2	by the go-between who quietly listened to both sides, and then declared his verdict which both men had to agree to.  	by the weight of public opinion, aghast at the extralegal stealing of a magic gong by a kinsman of Pitchpine's.  	by the village chief, who listend to the case as explained to him by the go-between, and then handed down his official verdict.  	by an organized duel, or contest, between representatives of each group, with the public understanding that whoever won the fight would also win the case. 	by using a special poison on two chickens to determine the guilty person.  	
#13,067 In the film on "Little Injustices," the main focus or goal of Laura Nader's study was:   	2	to see what had become of the Berkeley students who had been involved in demonstrations and clashes with police during the 60s. 	to investigate how the legal system in the United States handles problems concerning consumer complaints.  	to investigate the legal system's differential treatment of minority ethnic groups in the United States.  	to compare the roles played by judges and police in village Mexico with the roles these authorities play in urban United States. 	to analyze the relationships and historical continuity between E. the anti-war protests of the 60s and the anti-nuke protests of the late 70s and early 80s. 	
#13,068 In the village of Talea in Oaxaca, Mexico, (as seen in "little Injustices") Laura Nader found that judges:   	1	are men of the village with no particular legal training, but who are elected to their positions because they are respected for their experience and knowledge of village people and ways. 	are the most highly paid public "servants" in the community, who compete in extensive political campaigns to get themselves elected to this profitable and powerful position. 	are leaders of powerful political factions within the village, who clearly use their positons as legal authorities to benefit the special interest groups that put them into office. 	are appointed by governors in Oaxaca to serve four-year terms in outlying communities like Talea, which have no local people with the legal training necessary in a court of law. 	work very closely with local priests and other oficials of the church to assure that their verdicts will carry the weight of religious, as well as legal, authority. 	
#13,069 In the case in Talea of the chili merchant vs. the truck driver (as seen in film "Little Injustices"):   	3	the truck driver managed to dodge his responsibility for the incident by claiming that he was not under the jurisdiction of the court in Talea. 	The chili merchant, a local man, was awarded full damages.  The truck driver, seen as a wealthy outsider, had to pay for all the chilis in the damaged basket and was fined an extra 500 pesos. 	the truck driver was required to pay only for the chilis that had actually been damaged, and the chili merchant was warned to be more careful where he placed his baskets. 	The truck driver, angry at being called to court in this insigni- ficant village, dumped a basket of chilis all over the floor of the courtroom, and incurred a contempt of court charge as well. 	the judge decided that the chili merchant was a basket case and dismissed the dispute from the court.  	
#13,070 In dispute cases that are brought to court in Talea, the major responsibility or function of the judge is:   	4	to ascertain if a legal offense has, in fact, occured.  If so, the case would then be sent on to Oaxaca for trial.  	to discover who is to blame in the dispute, and to sentence that person to the appropriate legal punishment.  	to limit the testimony of participants in a dispute to the immediately and legally relevant and objectively verifiable facts of the case. 	to find solutions to disputes that will represent a balance between the claims of the opposing parties in a way that will minimize future hard feelings and disputes. 	to see to it that the jury hears all the relevant evidence of each case, and to then formally validate the verdict reached by the jury. 	
#13,071 In the case of the truck which overturned onto the roof of a house in Talea, (as seen in "Little Injustices"):   	5	the fact that the driver had been drunk and had no license meant that this incident HAD to be reported to the appropriate outside authorities and could not be settled locally. 	the owner of the damaged house was a woman who was, therefore, not allowed to come to the court herself, so she sent her son to speak for her. 	The truck driver and the owner accepted responsibility for the accident and agreed to repair the damage to the house and pay a fine to the court to be used to repair the road as well. 	The judge decided not to report the incident to outside authori- ties, because he felt the two men had already suffered enough and knew they'd get much harsher treatment in Oaxaca. 	both c and d above   	
#13,072 Which of the following factors contribute to the relative succes of the court in Talea in dealing with "little injustices" and civil disputes?  	5	People in Talea are knowledgeable about the content of law and know how to use it.  	People in Talea have ready access to the law.  They can take a problem right to court when it occurs and get it dealt with.  	People in Talea know & are interdependent with each other most of their lives; thus public opinion can be effective in minimiz- ing misconduct & encouraging people to resolve their differences. 	The court in Talea and the police system which backs it up, are so powerful and dreaded that people are quick to settle disputes on their own in lieu of going before authorities. 	all except d above   	
#13,073 In film on "Little Injusties," which of the following problems surfaced in the case of the mobile home rental company's suit for unpaid rent in a Small Claims court in Massachusetts?  	3	The owner of the mobile home rental company was trying to use the legal process to make a good profit by claiming far more money than he really deserved. 	The man who had rented the mobile home was trying to "rip off" the company, because he objected to the poor workmanship that had gone into the building of the mobile home. 	The man who had rented the mobile home didn't really know enough about his own legal rights and how to use them and had not con- tracted carefully enough with his insurance company. 	It turned out that the judge's son-in-law worked for the owner of the mobile home rental company; this influenced the judge to rule in favor of the company and against the renter. 	The owner of the company had hired an eloquent lawyer to present his case & thus had an unfair advantage over the renter who only had access to a preoccupied, indifferent court-appointed lawyer. 	
#13,074 Which of the following aspects of the consumer complaint cases, illustrated in the film "Little Injustices" did Laura Nader seem to find most interesting or significant?  	2	She was impressed with the willingness of most manufacturers in this country to apologize for and correct any defects, in a con- stant effort to improve the quality of their products. 	She was impressed at the strong sense of justice exhibited by B. these consumers and their willingness to keep working through the system until the injustices done them would be corrected. 	She was concerned to find a strong "anti-establishment" feeling among these consumers who were using these petty cases as part of a political campaign to disrupt the power structure in the U.S. 	She was intrigued with the development of a "victim" personality type in modern America, and was watching how these consumers had set themselves up to "be taken." 	She was impressed with the efficiency and humaneness of the Samll Claims Courts which enable consumers to get their grievances heard and fairly settled with a minimum of cost in time or money. 	
#13,075 The consumer complaint cases seen in "Little Injustices" suggest that the most effective way to get satisfactory response from the manufacturer of a defective product you had puchased would be:  	4	to register your complaint firmly, but politely, with the retail outlet which sold you that product.  	to register your complaint, in writing, with the president of the company which manufactured the product.  	to sue either the retailer or the manufacturer for the replace- ment value of that product in Small Claims Court.  	to get, or threaten to get, media attention on your complaint.   	to write to your Congressman, who can put pressure on the manu- facturer to respond to your claim.  	
#13,076 Which of the following strategies was used by the manufacturers and/or retailers of the defective products, documented in the film "Little Injustices" to deal with the consumers' complaints?  	1	The producers and/or sellers of the defective products tried to make the dissatisfied customers feel deviant, wrong or stupid, and alone in registering their complaints. 	The manufacturing companies sent their own representaives to per- suade the retail salespeople to repair or exchange the defective product. 	The manufacturers quickly replaced defective products, paying the buyers an extra bonus to keep quiet about the problem.  	The manufacturers, anxious to keep their good name, not only replaced or repaired the defective product of a consumer, but D. also notified all other owners of the same model of the problem. 	The manufacturers, and occasionally the retail merchants, threatened to sue for libel customers who complained about defective goods. 	
#13,077 Which of the following does Laura Nader see as among the problems in how "litle injustices" are handled in the United States?  	5	People involved in disputes are usually strangers, whose only relationship with each other is the transaction over which they are in dispute. 	Parties to many disputes, particularly consumer complaints, are of hugely unequal power--a factor which handicaps individual consumers. 	The corporations which manufacture consumer products are such large, complex organizations that there is often no one there who accepts responsibility for defects. 	Most Americans are "legally illiterate":  They do not know what their rights really are nor how to use the legal system to pro- tect their rights. 	All of the above hamper the effectiveness of our legal system in dealing with these small-scale, everyday complaints.  	
#13,078 The case involving purchasers of Caloric self-cleaning ovens illustrates which of the following observations about the process of making consumer complaints in the United States?  	1	Cases involving manufacturing defects tend to be handled one at a time, so that even if one customer does get the problem dealt with, other buyers don't benefit from the first person's gains. 	Consumers such as these tend to have unreasonable expectations of high-technology products which they purchase.  	It is more effective to take complaints about defective products to the manufacturers than to the sellers, because manufacturers tend to be more willing to take responsibility for the problem. 	Defects in products which could cause health or safety hazards are easier to get corrected than effects which simply cause products not to function, but are without risks. 	It sometimes does take threats or acts of physical violence E. (especially in the form of damage to their property) to persuade local retailers to replace or repair defective products. 	
#13,079 Which of the following does Laura Nader see as among the costs of the way these "little injustices" are handled in the United States?  	5	It adds to the feelings of powerlessness and apathy among people here, which in turn contributes to a loss of faith in our govern- ment and/or large organizations. 	It costs U.S. legislators too much time spent in dealing with a multitude of separate consumer problems.  	It adds to the increasing crime rate in our society as people lose respect for the law and seek ways to vent their angers and frustrations. 	Businsses lose potentially good ideas on ways they could improve their products by not listening to feedback from consumers.  	Nader sees all of the above as among the major costly conse- quences of the problems documented in this program.  	
#13,085 According to Lappe's article, European colonial powers saw their colonies primarily as:   	4	good examples of self-sufficient farming methods which could be used as models for European peasants to follow.  	large populations of simple, child-like natives who would need to be taken care of at the colonial government's expense.  	large populations of pagan souls just waiting to be saved by the good European missionaries.  	agricultural "mines":  places from which the colonial governments could extract wealth for the benefit of European interests. 	vast areas of difficult, unproductive lands which would be expensive to maintain.  	
#13,086 According to Lappe's article, colonial powers instituted which of the following practices into African and Asian farming?   	1	colonial governments instituted large-scale cash-crop farming of goods to be sold in European markets.  	colonial governments encouraged native farmers to try new, more productive food crops to help solve the chronic famine problems in the colonies. 	colonial governments forced native farmers to hire large numbers of unemployed Europeans, essentially 'dumping' European labor problems into the colonies' economies. 	colonial governments encouraged ambitious young 'natives' to get good European educations, so they could lead their peoples into the future. 	colonial governments mostly left the native peoples alone to continue their subsistence farming methods they had always used. 	
#13,087 According to Lappe's article, how were peasants in the colonies motivated to work in European-owned mines or plantations?   	4	They were sometimes literally coerced, with guns and whips, to work the European fields.  	They were required to pay colonial taxes, for which they needed cash and therefore had to work for wages.  	The best farming lands were taken over by colonial governments and European companies, leaving natives unable to support themselves, unless they worked for wages. 	All of the above were strategies explicitly developed by Europeans to assure themselves a cheap labor supply.  	None of the above were necessary - the benefits and purchasing power of cash were readily apparent and wage-work was eagerly adopted by most native peoples. 	
#13,088 According to Lappe's article, what were "marketing boards", and what was their effect in the colonies?   	2	marketing boards were councils of local (native) producers who met to share ideas for increasing farming efficiency.  	marketing boards, set up by colonial governments, purchased native crops at low prices and sold them in Europe at high prices. 	marketing boards, set up by colonial governments, saw to it that natives were paid fair prices for the goods they produced for sale in European markets. 	marketing boards were native councils that managed the local and regional food markets, long the primary centers for redistribution in most native societies. 	   	
#13,089 Why, according to Lappe's article, can't people in "developing" countries feed themselves?   	3	because soils are too poor and water is too scarce in most of these "Third World" countries to support effective farming.  	because people in these countries have different attitudes towards work than do the more achievement-oriented nations and are just not motivated to produce enough to feed themselves. 	because industrialized countries have taken over much of the productive land and labor in the "Third World" for use in profit-making (for the Europeans) export crops. 	because people in these usually tropical regions are so exhausted by malaria and other tropical diseases that they cannot maintain sufficient levels of agriculture to feed themselves. 	because these peoples' primitive technologies and backward cultural traditions prevent them from trying new, more efficient ideas or techniques that would improve their lot. 	
#13,090 What is sisal?    	1	a spiny, cactus-like plant, with long fibers in its leaves which can be made into rope and twine.  	a form of marijuana, originally grown for use in native rituals, and now increasingly grown as a cash crop for export to the U.S. 	a starchy root crop, somewhat like a potato, which is a staple of rural Brazilians' diet.  	a highly nutritious cereal grain, related to wheat, which can also be used to make a strong, dark native beer.  	a bamboo-like plant, used to make the native flutes regarded as necessary elements in Brazilian Indian healing rituals.  	
#13,091 As a result of the introduction of sisal as a cash crop in the Brazilian village Vila Nova, which of the following changes have taken place?  	4	Almost every family can now make a decent, if hardworking, living.  	Patterns of cooperation and mutual aid have increased among the farm families, who take turns working in each others fields to ensure maximum yield for all of them. 	People unused to having cash available to them spend their new profits unwisely on modern technologies they will not be able to maintain. 	Most villagers no longer grow their own food, and must work on the large plantations to earn money to buy imported foods.  	All of the above are mentioned as direct or indirect results of the new crop.  	
#13,092 Decortication refers to:    	1	stripping the fiber from the leaves of the sisal plants.   	Removing the thorns from the sisal bushes, so the leaves can be processed for food.  	soaking the sisal leaves in a salt water bath to remove the poisons in the leaves.  	the rapid erosion of the already thin top soil once a sisal crop has been harvested.  	the research method used to determine calorie intake and expenditure of the workers in the sisal fields.  	
#13,093 What changes have occurred in Vila Nova, Brazil, as a result of the turn to sisal as a cash crop?   	3	Because there is now money to buy foods from outside the region, everyone is eating a more balanced diet than before.  	Families are tending to be larger, as there is an economic incentive to have more workers.  	Most of the workers and small farmers have become dependent for necessary supplies on a new, relatively wealthy, C. class of small businessmen. 	The conflicts between cattle ranchers and sisal-growers have intensified, as farmers fence off what used to be free grazing range. 	The mechanization of sisal production has freed the children from laboring in the fields, so now more children are attending school. 	
#13,094 The nutritional studies carried out in Vila Nova, Brazil, reveal which of the following health patterns among sisal-workers' families?  	3	The grown-ups were depriving themselves of necessary calories and nutrition in order to be sure their children were well-fed. 	Because of government 'hot lunch' programs in the schools, children were often nutritionally better-off than their parents. 	Children's diets were more deficient in calories and nutrition than were their parents' diets.  	Although the quantity of food per household diminished, with the new foods, the nutritional quality increased.  	   	
#13,501 The cultural knowledge of the supernatural that people use to cope with the ultimate problems of human existence is called:  	5	personified power.   	mana.   	taboo.   	supernatural power.   	religion.   	
#13,502 Meaning, death, evil, and transcendent values are all:    	2	kinds of religions.   	ultimate human problems.   	components of supernatural beings.   	magical.   	sources of impersonal supernatural force.   	
#13,503 A. realm that is beyond human experience, but which is open or accessible to people is called:   	2	magic.   	the supernatural.   	the natural.   	the sacrificial.   	taboo.   	
#13,504 The Azande live in:    	1	the southern Sudan.   	southern Mexico.   	South Africa.   	Cenral India.   	Peru.   	
#13,505 Folk concepts of ghosts, spirits, ancestral spirits, and mana are according to most anthropologists, signs of belief in:  	1	the supernatural.   	taboo.   	magic.   	impersonal supernatural force.   	sacrifice.   	
#13,506 In the case of the Azande, when Nabani suddenly became ill, her husband Bazugba, eventually attributed the cause to:   	2	flies.   	witchcraft.   	the attack of a sorcerer.   	the attack of a malevolent deity.   	the devil.   	
#13,507 As described in the text, when Mary Jean Getz's apartment was ransacked by burglars a neighbor attributed the act to:   	3	the increasing crime wave in Chicago.   	God's punishment.   	the devil and his agents.   	magic.   	the work of an uban sorcerer.   	
#13,508 A. term anthropologists often used to label impersonal supernatural force is:   	4	taboo.   	witchcraft.   	divination   	mana.   	magic.   	
#13,509 In Melanesia and parts of Polynesia, objects could be endowed with so much impersonal supernatural force that they were dangerous.  They were said to be:  	5	mana.   	bewitched.   	divined.   	possessed.   	tabu.   	
#13,510 The act of giving up something of value to influence supernatural beings is called:   	1	sacrifice.   	prayer.   	divination.   	magic.   	sorcery.   	
#13,511 When someone is born with supernatural force that he uses to cause harm, his activities are called:   	3	magic.   	sorcery.   	witchcraft.   	imitative magic.   	contagious magic.   	
#13,512 When someone uses a set of well-defined procedures to control and manipulate supernatural force to gain some end, he or she is practicing:  	2	prayer.   	magic.   	witchcraft.   	transcendent religion.   	taboo.   	
#13,513 The malevolent practice of magic is labelled:    	5	divination.   	contagious magic.   	witchcraft.   	spirit possession.   	sorcery.   	
#13,514 When a supernatural being enters and controls the behavior of a human being so that the person is thought to be the supernatural being, the event is called:  	1	spirit possession.   	witchcraft.   	ghost intrusion.   	internal sorcery.   	personal mana.   	
#13,515 The poisoning of chickens among the Azande is a form of:    	3	witchcraft.   	sorcery.   	divination.   	spirit possession.   	sacrifice.   	
#13,516 Religious specialists who control supernaural power, often have a personal relationship with supernatural beings, and are likely to know magical spells and medicines are called:  	2	laymen.   	shamans.   	priests.   	witches.   	all of the above   	
#13,517 Religious specialists who mediate between people and the supernatural are called:   	4	witches.   	shamans.   	diviners.   	priests.   	lay people.   	
#13,518 Which one of the following is an attribute of a priest?    	5	control of supernatural power   	personal relationship with supernatural beings   	use of spells and medicines   	association with curing   	full time religious specialization   	
#13,519 The term "supernatural" focuses on people's knowldge of magic.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,521 According to the belief of the Jehovah's Witnesses, Satan is a spirit creature who ruled both heaven and earth for a long period before 1914  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,522 In some parts of Polynesia, chiefs were born with such high levels of mana that it was thought that their touch would harm commoners who posessed little mana.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,524 When a magician works an evil spell on some nail clippings of a victim, he is practicing contagious magic.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,525 The Azande seek answers to questions by poisoning chickens.  If a chicken lives, the answer is yes.  If it dies, the answer is no.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,526 Priests are religious specialists who control supernatural power and are often associated with curing.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,528 Shamans are religious specialists who interpret the moral and philosophical aspects of religion.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,529 Tarot cards, Ouija boards, and the I Ching are all used in the process of divination.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,530 The consequences of a particular cultural practice refer to their:   	3	world view.   	value.   	function   	context   	configuration   	
#13,531 The Mae Enga live:    	4	in the Southern Sudan.   	along the coast of British Columbia, Canada.   	in Central India.   	in the Central Highlands of New Guinea.   	on the border of Brazil and Venezuela.   	
#13,532 Among the Mae Enga, it is dangerous for a man to:    	5	live in the men's house during the dry season.   	raise pigs.   	belong to a clan.   	eat pigs whose tusks have curved.   	enter gardens when women's aprons are hanging from vines around them.  	
#13,534 A. major principle that characterizes Mae Enga world view is:    	3	the world is divided into passive and active features.   	the world is divided on the basis of right and left.   	the world is divided into male and female.   	the world is divided into horizontal and vertical.   	the world is divided into natural and supernatural.   	
#13,535 Any concept referring to a desirable or undesirable state of affairs is called:   	4	world view.   	ethos.   	a context.   	a value.   	a configuration.   	
#13,536 Values are heavily weighted mental conceptions that may be inferred by:   	4	Observing people's behavior.   	watching the way children are socialized   	listening to them expressed verbally.   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#13,537 Things as they ought to be are:    	5	facts.   	ethoses.   	configurations.   	desires.   	values.   	
#13,538 The most general concepts of desirable and undesirable states of affairs are called:   	2	values.   	core values.   	world views.   	ethos.   	configuration.   	
#13,539 For Americans, it is desirable to keep most material objects, including one's self, clean. this view represents a:  	3	configuration.   	world view.   	core value.   	fact.   	none of the above   	
#13,540 Which one of the following is not a Mae Enga core value?    	5	It is important to be on good terms with ghosts.   	Pigs are wealth, and it is desirable to increase the supply of pigs.  	A long life is desirable.   	A man ought to meet his social commitment to pigs.   	Women are the weaker sex and must be carefully protected.   	
#13,541 The way conflicting cultural elements are organized so as to minimize contradictions is called:   	1	cultural integration.   	cultural selection.   	configuration.   	core value.   	world view.   	
#13,542 The fact that each culture uses only a limited segment of all possible behavior is called:   	2	cultural integration.   	cultural selection.   	world view.   	core value.   	ethos.   	
#13,543 The fact that when the Mae Enga value late marriage for men and separate dwellings for men and women, they rule out a variety of other arrangements, is an example of:  	3	ethos.   	cultural integration.   	cultural selection.   	core value.   	world view.   	
#13,544 Cultural integration refers to:    	5	harmonious relations among different ethnic groups.   	the blending of different world views.   	mixing of ethnic and racial groups.   	the tying together of complementary core values.   	the way conflicting cultural elements ar organized so as to minimize contradictions.  	
#13,545 Among the Mae Enga, men should not enter the men's house when women are working in the village gardens.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,546 The mae enga men believe that women mature much later than men and should thus be avoided.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,547 Among the Mae Enga, ancestral spirits are thought to reside in each house, protecting occupants and performing regular beneficial acts for people.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,548 Among the Mae Enga, the core value that states it is desirable to have a srong body, beautiful complexion, and mental well-being is held most srongly by women.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,549 A. man's mental vigor, strength, and complexion are directly affected by his own "vital juices" according to the Mae Enga.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,550 The Mae Enga believe that male health, strength, and mental vigor may be seriously endangered by contact with yams.   	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,551 The Mae Enga core values associated with male health, strength, and vigor have the effect of actually separating the sexes.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#13,552 The authors of your text suggest that religion:    	3	develops in a culture only when there is sufficient leisure time and predictable security in people's lives to permit them to philosophize about the origins and causes of things. 	is a set of ultimately harmful fantasies, imaginings, illusions, or delusions that prevent people from perceiving and responding to the world as it really is. 	arises out of deeply felt emotional needs of human beings--the fears, angers, doubts, or griefs people feel when faced with forces in the world that seem to be beyond human control. 	by definition involves a belief in a single high God who created the world and controls the destinies of its inhabitants.  	is a logical, rational, intellectual system for learning and explaining how the world works.  	
#13,553 Mary Jean Getz, after joining the Jehovah's Witnesses in Chicago, came to believe that the troubles she had been experiencing in the big city (slashed tires, etc.) were caused by:  	2	Jehovah God who was punishing her for her wicked ways.   	Satan and his demons, attempting to destroy God's kingdom on earth.  	Neighborhood gangs of thieves or street toughs looking for kicks.   	Restless ancestral family ghosts who felt deserted by her when she moved to the city.  	Witchcraft or sorcery being practiced against her by someone she had unknowingly offended.  	
#13,554 THE BELIEF THAT THERE EXISTS IN CERTAIN OBJECTS OR PERSONS AN IMPERSONAL SUPERNATURAL POWER, WITH NO WILL OF ITS OWN, THAT CAN NONETHELESS AFFECT OR BE USED BY HUMANS IS CALLED:  	1	MANA.   	DIVINATION.   	ANIMISM.   	SPIRIT POSSESSION.   	DIVINE REVELATION.   	
#13,555 A. SORCERER ATTEMPTING TO HARM SOMEONE BY USING HIS VICTIM'S HAIR OR FINGERNAIL CLIPPINGS WOULD BE USING   	4	TABUS   	DIVINATION   	IMITATIVE MAGIC   	CONTAGIOUS MAGIC   	PRAYER   	
#13,556 WHEN BAZUGBA, THE AZANDE HUSBAND, BUT THE POISON "BENGE" INTO THE THROAT OF THE CHICKEN, THIS WAS A FORM OF   	4	SACRIFICE TO APPEASE ANGERED ANCESTRAL GHOSTS.   	SORCERY TO HARM ONE OF  HIS WIFE'S KINSMEN WITH WHOM HE HAD BEEN QUARRELING.  	RITUAL PREPARATION OF A SACRED FOWL THAT WOULD BE SPECIALLY COOKED AND SERVED AT THE BIRTH OF HIS 2ND WIFE'S CHILD.  	DIVINATION TO DETERMINE THE IDENTITY OF THE WITCH WHO WAS ATTACKING HIS WIFE.  	NONE OF THE ABOVE--IT WAS JUST PRIMITIVE SADISTIC TREATMENT OF A DEFENSELESS CREATURE--MUCH LIKE SMALL CHILDREN MIGHT PULL WINGS OFF OF FLIES. 	
#13,557 A. RABBIT'S FOOT (WHEN DETACHED FROM THE RABBIT AND CARRIED AROUND BY A MEMBER OF AMERICAN CULTURE) WOULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RELIGIOUS BELIEFS?  	5	DIVINATION   	ANIMISM   	ANIMALISM   	SPIRIT POSSESSION   	MANA   	
#13,558 A. BELIEF IN SUPERNATURAL BEINGS, SUCH AS GHOSTS, ANCESTORS, SPIRITS OR GODDESSES, WHO CAN ACTIVELY INTERVENE IN HUMAN LIVES, IS CALLED  	3	SPIRIT POSSESSION   	RELIGION   	ANIMISM   	MANA   	MAGIC   	
#13,559 THE WAY PEOPLE CHARACTERISTICALLY LOOK OUT ON THE UNIVERSE IS CALLED   	5	CULTURE PATTERN   	CORE VALUES   	UNIVERSAL PERSPECTIVE   	THEME   	WORLD VIEW   	
#13,560 THE ANTHROPOLOGIST STUDYING THE MAE ENGA OF NEW GUINEA WAS NOT ALLOWED TO BUILD HIS HUT NEAR THE CLUSTER OF LARGE HUTS HE SAW, BECAUSE:  	3	WHITE PEOPLE WERE NOT ALLOWED TO LIVE IN THE VILLAGE.   	THE HOUSES WERE ABANDONED AND CRAWLING WITH VERMIN.   	THE HOUSES WERE WOMEN'S HOUSES, AND NO MAN SHOULD EVER WANT TO LIVE NEXT TO THEM.  	THE HOUSES WERE OWNED AND INHABITED BY ANCESTRAL GHOSTS.   	THAT AREA OF THE VILLAGE AROUND THOSE HOUSES WAS SACRED TO THE PIGS, AND NO UNINITIATED PERSON WAS ALLOWED NEAR.  	
#13,561 A. CULTURE'S MOST GENERAL UNDERLYING CONCEPTS OF DESIRABLE AND UNDESIRABLE STATES OF AFFAIRS ARE CALLED ITS   	2	A WORLD VIEW   	CORE VALUES   	THEORIES OF VITAL JUICES   	CONFIGURATIONS   	ETHOS   	
#13,562 THE MAE ENGA ORGANIZE ALMOST EVERYTHING IN THEIR UNIVERSE AROUND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN   	4	ORGANIC AND INORGANIC   	PLANT AND ANIMAL   	HOT AND COLD   	MALE AND FEMALE   	PIGS AND ANCESTORS   	
#13,563 WHEN WAKUL'S NEPHEW (WAKUL WAS THE MAE ENGA INFORMANT) GOT MARRIED, HE DID NOT MOVE IN WITH HIS WIFE UNTIL A MONTH LATER BECAUSE:  	1	HE NEEDED TIME TO LEARN HOW TO USE THE MAGIC THAT WOULD PROTECT HIS VITAL JUICES FROM THE DANGERS OF SEXUAL CONTACT WITH HIS WIFE 	HE WAS ANGRY WITH HIS FATHER FOR FORCING HIM TO MARRY AGAINST HIS OWN DESIRES, AND SULKED IN THE FOREST UNTIL PERSUADED TO RETURN. 	HE NEEDED TO GO THROUGH A COMPLEX SET OF RITUALS TO GAIN THE BLESSINGS OF HIS WIFE'S ANCESTRAL GHOSTS BEFORE HE WOULD DARE TO TOUCH HER. 	HIS WIFE HAD NOT YET REACHED PUBERTY, SO HE LEFT IN ORDER NOT TO BE TEMPTED TO SLEEP WITH HER BEFORE SHE WAS READY.  	HE HAD TO WORK ON ANOTHER MAN'S FARM TO EARN ENOUGH PIGS TO PAY THE REST OF THE BRIDE-WEALTH, BEFORE HE WOULD BE ALLOWED TO SLEEP WITH HIS BRIDE. 	
#13,564 A. CULTURE'S CORE VALUES MAY HAVE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EFFECTS OR SERVE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS?   	5	THEY FORM A BASIS FOR THE SELECTION OF CULTURAL BEHAVIOR FROM ALL OF THE ALTERNATIVES THAT EXIST IN THE "ARC OF POSSIBLE BEHAVIOR." 	THEY ARE THE FOUNDATION FOR A SOCIETY'S SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, DETERMINING THE MAJOR GROUPINGS IN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE, AND THE TASKS ASSIGNED TO THEM. 	THEY ESTABLISH PRIORITIES AMONG THE SOMETIMES CONTRADICTORY C. VALUES OR CONFLICTING INTERESTS THAT EXIST IN A SOCIETY, AND THUS CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIAL AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION. 	THEY CAN OFFER EXPLANATIONS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF MISFORTUNE, THAT MAKE SENSE TO THE MEMBERS OF A SOCIETY AND HELP TO REINFORCE THEIR WORLD VIEW. 	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE EFFECTS OF OR FUNCTIONS SERVED BY A SOCIETY'S CORE VALUES.  	
#13,565 ANTHROPOLOGISTS STUDY RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN ORDER TO    	3	PROVE THE EXISTENCE OF A SUPREME BEING.   	SEARCH FOR THE TRUE METAPHYSICAL ANSWER TO THE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS OF HUMAN EXISTENCE.  	DISCOVER AND DEMONSTRATE THE FUNCTIONS SERVED BY RELIGIONS IN HUMAN SOCIETIES  	SHOW THAT SCIENCE CAN ANSWER MOST QUESTIONS ABOUT THE UNIVERSE WHICH RELIGIONS HOLD TO BE "UNKNOWNS".  	DEMONSTRATE THE HUMAN CAPACITY FOR SELF-DELUSION.   	
#13,566 THE MAE ENGA BELIEVE THAT MALE HEALTH, STRENGTH, AND MENTAL VIGOR MAY BE SERIOUSLY ENDANGERED BY CONTACT WITH   	4	ANCESTRAL GHOSTS   	BEINGS THAT LURK IN THE FOREST   	PIGS   	WOMEN   	SWEET POTATOES   	
#13,567 IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAYS DO MAE ENGA ATTEMPT TO BUILD UP THEIR HERDS OF PIGS?   	5	THEY STICK PIG BONES INTO THE WALLS OF THE FRONT ROOMS OF THEIR HOUSES TO ATTRACT MORE PIGS.  	THEY USE MAGICALLY PREPARED LEAVES TO MAKE THEIR PIGS FAT AND HEALTHY.  	THEY LEND PIGS TO OTHERS AND CHARGE INTEREST IN PIGS.   	MEN MARRY EXTRA WIVES SO THEY CAN TAKE CARE OF MORE PIGS.   	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE STRATEGIES USED TO INCREASE PIG WEALTH.   	
#13,568 A. MAE ANGA MAN KNOWS THAT HIS EVENTUAL DEATH IS MOST LIKELY TO BE CAUSED BY   	2	AN ENEMY RAIDER   	HIS FATHER'S GHOST   	AN INTESTINAL INFECTION FROM EATING POORLY COOKED PORK   	MALARIA   	A FIGHT WITH A JEALOUS KINSMAN   	
#13,569 AMONG THE MAE ENGA, ANCESTRAL SPIRITS OR GHOSTS ARE THOUGHT TO BE    	4	LIKE CARING AND WATCHFUL PARENTS, GUARDING THEIR OWN LIVING DESCENDANTS  	DISTANT AND TOO PREOCCUPIED WITH THEIR OWN AFFAIRS IN THE SPIRIT REALM TO PAY MUCH ATTENTION TO THEIR LIVING DESCENDANTS  	STERN, BUT ESSENTIALLY FAIR, GUARDIANS OF THE MORALITY OF THEIR DESCENDANTS, CONCERNED PRIMARILY THAT JUSTICE BE MAINTAINED  	BASICALLY MALICIOUS AND EVIL-INTENTIONED, INCLINED TO CAUSE HARM, ILLNESS AND DEATH UNLESS BOUGHT OFF BY THEIR LIVING KIN  	NONE OF THE ABOVE--THE MAE ENGA DO NOT EVEN HAVE A CONCEPT OF SOUL AND AFTERLIFE  	
#13,570 AMONG THE MAE ENGA, AT WHAT AGE WOULD A BOY MOST LIKELY LEAVE HIS MOTHER'S HOUSE?   	1	BY 5 OR 6 YEARS OLD, WHEN HE WILL MOVE INTO THE MEN'S HOUSE   	BY 12-14 YEARS OLD, WHEN HE WILL BECOME INTERESTED IN GIRLS AND SEXUALLY ACTIVE  	BY 18-20 YEARS OLD, WHEN HE HAS LEARNED THE SKILLS NECESSARY TO MAINTAINING A HOUSEHOLD OF HIS OWN  	WHENEVER HE GETS MARRIED AND HAS A WIFE TO MAINTAIN A HOUSE OF HIS OWN  	WHEN HE GOES THROUGH THE INITIATION CEREMONIES AND IS NO LONGER REGARDED AS A BOY, BUT IS OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED AS A MAN  	
#13,571 AMONG THE MAE ENGA, WHAT IS IT ABOUT WOMEN THAT THAT CAUSES THE MEN TO WANT TO AVOID THEM?   	2	WOMEN'S CONSTANT CHATTER AND GOSSIP GETS ON A MAN'S NERVES   	WOMEN'S MENSTRUAL BLOOD IS THOUGHT TO BE DANGEROUS TO A MAN'S HEALTH  	WOMEN'S GREATER SPIRITUAL POWER IS THOUGHT TO BE ESSENTIAL TO THE WELL-BEING OF THE WHOLE GROUP, AND IS WEAKENED BY CONTACT WITH MEN 	WOMEN ARE CONSIDERED TO BE TOO SHARP-TONGUED, ARGUMENTATIVE, AND DEMANDING, SO MEN ESCAPE WHENEVER THEY CAN  	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE ASPECTS OF FEMALENESS THAT MALES PREFER TO AVOID  	
#13,572 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF THE DIFFERENCES IN SEX ROLES OR CHARACTERISTICS AMONG THE MAE ENGA?   	2	WOMEN ARE SUPPOSED TO BE BEAUTIFUL AND GENTLE, MEN ARE SUPPOSED TO BE STRONG AND AGGRESSIVE  	WOMEN EAT RATS AND INSECTS, MEN EAT PORK AND SWEET POTATOES   	WOMEN ARE CLEVER IN ECONOMIC TRANSACTIONS, MEN ARE CLEVER IN POLITICAL AND LEGAL ENCOUNTERS  	WOMEN HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THE PIGS, AND MEN HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THE GARDENS  	WOMEN ARE EXPECTED TO BE MODEST AND EASILY EMBARRASSED BY REFERENCES TO THINGS SEXUAL, MEN ARE EXPECTED TO BRAG ABOUT THEIR SEXUAL "CONQUESTS" AND OUTDO EACH OTHER IN TELLING DIRTY JOKES 	
#13,573 HOW DID THE MAE ENGA EXPLAIN THE SUDDEN ILLNESS AND DEATH OF WAKUL'S SON, MAPU?   	1	THE GHOST OF WAKUL'S MOTHER (THE BOY'S GRANDMOTHER) BIT HIM BECAUSE SHE WAS STILL ANGRY AT WAKUL  	HE HAD PNEUMONIA AND COULD NOT BE GOTTEN TO THE HEALTH CLINIC IN TIME  	IT WAS JUST THE BOY'S FATE NOT TO REACH MANHOOD   	A SORCERER FROM ANOTHER VILLAGE, HOSTILE TO WAKUL, CAST A FATAL MAGICAL SPELL ON THE BOY  	THE BOY HAD GOTTEN CONTAMINATED BY BRUSHING AGAINST ONE OF THE APRONS HANGING AROUND HIS MOTHER'S GARDEN  	
#13,578 BELIEFS IN ANCESTRAL SPIRITS GENERALLY    	5	ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BELIEF IN SOULS WHICH CAN EXIST APART FROM THEIR BODIES.  	PROVIDE A SENSE OF CONTINUITY IN TIME FROM PAST TO PRESENT TO FUTURE.  	ATTRIBUTE A CONTINUATION OF VERY HUMAN EMOTIONS, NEEDS AND BEHAVIORS.  	ASSUME THESE BEINGS RETAIN AN ACTIVE INTEREST IN THE DAILY LIVES OF THE LIVING.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE TEND TO BE CHARACTERSTIC ASPECTS OF BELIEFS IN ANCESTOR SPIRITS.  	
#13,579 WHEN A MAYAN MAKES A SACRIFICE TO THE SPIRITS OF THE FOREST HE IS ABOUT TO CUT DOWN AND BURN IN ORDER TO MAKE A NEW CORN GARDEN, HE IS DEMONSTRATING A BELIEF IN WHAT ANTHROPOLOGISTS CALL:  	5	MANA.   	ANCESTRAL SPIRITS.   	CREATOR GODS.   	ANIMATION.   	ANIMISM.   	
#13,581 A. SHAMAN    	1	USUALLY OPERATES AS AN INDIVIDUAL -- BOTH IN ACQUIRING SKILLS AND/OR POWER AND IN PRACTICING.  	IS ALMOST ALWAYS A WOMAN.   	WOULD NEVER BE FOUND IN A MODERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY   	USUALLY BELONGS TO A LOCAL ORGANIZATION OF RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS.  	IS USUALLY APPOINTED TO A POSITION AS RELIGIOUS SPECIALIST BY A COMMUNITY'S POLITICAL LEADERS.  	
#13,582 "DIVINATION" IS    	3	THE FINAL STAGE IN TAKING THE FORMAL VOWS OF PRIESTHOOD   	THE TRANSFORMATION OF A ONCE LIVING PERSON INTO A SEMI-DIVINE BEING SUCH AS A SAINT.  	THE USE OF MAGICAL PROCEDURE TO DISCOVER THE CAUSE OF A PARTICULAR EVENT.  	THE OFFERING OF A SACRIFICE TO APPEASE, OR TO REQUEST FAVORS FROM, THE LOCAL DEITIES.  	THE PROCESS BY WHICH SHAMAN ACQUIRES SUPERNATURAL POWERS   	
#13,584 THE CONCEPT THAT A QUESTION NUMBERED 13 MAY CAUSE YOU TO GET IT WRONG, JUST BECAUSE IT IS THE NUMBER 13, WOULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF   	1	MANA.   	ANIMISM.   	DIVINE JUSTICE.   	THE WORKINGS OF SATAN.   	IMITATIVE MAGIC.   	
#13,585 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEHAVIORS WOULD BE THE MOST LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE AND CLEAREST REFLECTION OF A BELIEF IN CONTAGIOUS MAGIC ?  	4	NOT GOING OUT AT NIGHT WHEN GHOSTS ARE OUT.   	PUTTING MONEY IN THE COLLECTION PLATE AT CHURCH.   	READING TEA LEAVES OR TAROT CARDS.   	PERSONALLY SWEEPING UP ALL YOUR HAIR CLIPPINGS AND TAKING THEM HOME TO BURY OR FLUSH DOWN THE TOILET.  	PRAYING TO YOUR PERSONAL GUARDIAN SPIRIT.   	
#13,590 Which of the following, according to Jill Dubisch in "You Are What You Eat," would best illustrate the concept of "mana" in the health food movement?  	3	health food journals   	Pepsi and potato chips   	bean sprouts and tofu   	Adelle Davis   	penicillin   	
#13,591 Which of the following is/are cultural premises of the health food movement?   	5	There is a connection between the food you eat and your physical and mental health.  	Some foods are intrinsically beneficial, and some are intrinsically harmful.  	Individuals are responsible for their own well-being.   	People should work in harmony with nature, not against it.   	All of the above are basic, stated or unstated, assumptions fundamental to the health food movement.  	
#13,592 Which one of the following pairs of items reflects the health food movement's assumption (cultural premise) of a fundamental dualism in the universe?  	1	honey versus sugar.   	hot dogs versus hamburgers.   	Pepsi versus Coca-Cola.   	tofu versus yogurt.   	aspirin versus bufferin.   	
#13,593 The central theme of most of the Melanesian 'cargo cults' is the idea that:   	2	foreigners and all their ways are evil and their influence in the islands must be eliminated.  	the world, as presently organized, is about to end, to be replaced by a new 'heaven-sent' world order and golden age.  	the hardships of life are a just punishment for the sins of this and many earlier generations, and are therefore a burden that must be accepted with an attitude of contrite humility. 	the way to salvation lies in accepting Christianity as their sole religion, leaving behind all traces of their former pagan beliefs and rituals. 	all of the above are central themes to these 'cargo cults'.   	
#13,594 According to the article on cargo cults, which of the following aspects of Christianity did Melanesian natives find the most easy to accept?   	4	the idea of original sin.   	the idea of the Holy Trinity - a three-in-one God.   	the concept of a fiery Hell below the earth.   	the teachings of the Apocalypse with their themes of destruction and resurrection or a second coming.  	all of the above are Christian elements that have closely corresponding concepts in native Melanesian beliefs.  	
#13,595 In Melanesian mythology, the culture hero Mansren most closely parallels which of the following figures and themes out of the Christian Bible?   	1	Jesus Christ and the death and rebirth of god theme.   	Noah and the chosen survivor of a great flood theme.   	Job and the virtuous, long-suffering servant of God theme.   	Lucifer of Satan and the fallen-angel-become-devil theme.   	the Good Samaritan and the help-thy-neighbor theme.   	
#13,596 According the article on "Baseball" which of the following baseball players are most likely to rely on magic to help them in their game?  	1	pitchers   	batters   	outfielders   	second basemen   	umpires--who "really" need all the help they can get!   	
#13,597 According to the "Baseball" article, how do players learn the rituals or taboos that they will need to play successfully?   	3	The team coach counsels each player, suggesting a combination of rituals that will fit each player's individual needs.  	Each player goes on a kind of "vision quest" when a rookie, and in dreams, receives instructions from Hall of Fame players, as to what rituals will work best. 	Each player tries to remember everything he did on the day of a successful game, and to repeat those behaviors exactly as long as they bring him success. 	Each rookie player "apprentices" to a more experienced player, and tends to adopt that "teacher's" rituals.  	On the day of a game, each player takes time to pray for help and guidance, and then attributes success or failure to the will of God.  	
#13,598 As described in "Baseball", which of the following behaviors of baseball players could be seen as illustrating belief in "Mana"?   	5	wearing the same clothes game after game.   	using a bat only a certain number of times, and not at all if it has been ritually mishandled.  	keeping "lucky" bobbypins in a particular pocket.   	tagging bases in particular sequences when coming on or off the field.   	all of the above behaviors illustrate beliefs in something like mana.   	
#13,599 As described in the "Baseball" article, which of the following behaviors of baseball players would best illustrate a belief in "imitative magic"?  	2	eating pancakes for lunch on the day of a game.   	refusing to allow uniforms to be washed or cleaned during a winning streak.  	taking the same route to the ballpark each day.   	keeping a lucky coin or stone in a pocket.   	refusing to wear uniforms with certain numbers on them.   	
#13,600 From reading the article "Paavahu and Paanaqawu," the syllable "paa" in Hopi language probably refers to   	4	mother earth   	spirituality   	a clan identity   	water   	harmony   	
#13,601 Pea claims that Hopi wells and springs are drying up primarily due to   	3	their company's usage of water to transport coal mined from Black Mesa  	neighboring Navajo sheepherders' overuse of water to supply their increasingly large flocks  	population growth and increased water consumption in Hopi and Navajo villages and towns  	hydroelectric dams farther north on the Colorado River that D. lower the water table for the whole region  	   	
#13,602 At the deepest philosophical level, the Hopi concern with the drying up of their springs centers on   	1	their growing inability to keep their moral commitment to the gods to take care of the earth and all its resources  	their resistance to and resentment of all things "foreign" -- introduced into their world by Navajo and Anglo intruders  	their belief in a cosmic battle between forces of life and death represented by springs of water in their desert landscape  	their concepts of purity and pollution as measures of "closeness to god"  	a kind of "separation of church and state" -- a belief that sacred things should not be used for private or commercial gain  	
#13,701 How did the island of Bali become incorporated into the Dutch colonial empire?   	3	When the Dutch took over, they allowed the Balinese kings and their courts who had surrendered immediately, to remain on as a puppet government. 	As Bali was just beginning to produce enough surplus to trade on the world market, they realized they would benefit by having access to other Dutch colonies and requested inclusion in the Dutch empire. 	The Dutch invaded the island with considerable military force and ruthlessly wiped out all the royal courts and any other opposition they encountered. 	Bali had been part of the British Empire and was traded by the British to the Dutch in exchange for major Dutch holdings in India. D 	The Balinese developed an effective guerilla underground which after 35 years finally drove the Dutch out of the island.  	
#13,702 What are the "three worlds of Bali" referred to on this program?    	2	the world of the past, the world of the present, and the world of the future.  	the upper world of gods, the middle world of people, and the lower world of demons  	the world of art, the world of science, and the world of religion   	the world of the royalty, the world of the nobility, and the world of the common people  	the world of the physical being, the world of the mind, and the world of the spirit  	
#13,703 The arts on Bali are designed and intended primarily for which of the following purposes?   	5	They are encouraged and funded by the government of Bali as a means of educating the illiterate people of the villages--to help to bring Ball into the modern world. 	They are used to transmit political messages and decrees from Bali's rulers to the people.  	They are promoted by the Balinese government to provide a few spots of beauty and entertainment in the bleak and harsh lives of the people. 	They are produced by an elite class of artists and intellectuals as a form of social commentary.  	They are produced by the people of Bali as offerings to the gods and the demons.  	
#13,704 According to the Balinese the important aspect of a work of art is   	1	how close to perfection it can come.   	how deeply the artist felt his or her Inspiration while producing or performing it  	how efficiently it can be produced so that the best can be "made of scarce resources, time and energy."  	how much it will sell for in the expanding tourist market," which has become so basic to the economic survival of the island. 	how long it will last--each artist hoping his work. will be known and admired centuries after his death.  	
#13,705 The Balinese think of time in which of the following ways?    	4	Time is conceived of as a rare commodity, a special gift to" "people from the gods, which most be used wisely and well," lest the gods become angry and take it away 	Time is conceived of as an evil force, a second cousin to" "Death, which lurks out there in the invisible universe," making people do its bidding. 	Time is an infinite straight line, extending from the" "past into the future, divided into segments against which " humans can measure and record the passage of their lives. 	Time is thought of as a complex series of ever-repeating "intersecting cycles which reflect the rhythms of growth," "decay, and rebirth in the natural world." 	Time is thought of as a stern, but kindly grandfather-like" "figure, who tells people when to do all the activities" necessary for their survival. 	
#13,706 Which of the following beliefs characterize Balinese religion?   	5	a belief that the world we live in is only an illusion--that the real world is beyond the reach of our senses  	a belief in reincarnation   	a belief in an underlying unity of all elements of the universe  	a belief in supernatural forces, such as gods, demons, and" ancestors  	all of the above are included in their religion   	
#13,707 The temples on Bali play which of the following roles in the economic life of the island?   	3	They collect a portion of every family's harvest, and store" these crops in huge warehouse complexes for distribution to "the needy, or for emergency use in times of crisis," 	In addition to religious functions, the temples also function" politically as the island's central government; as such they determine all national and international economic policy. 	Through the timing of their festivals, the temples regulate" the alternating agricultural cycles of rice planting and harvesting for the whole island 	The temples hire village artists to produce the beautiful "native crafts for sale to the steadily growing tourist market," thus providing local employment and items for export. 	none of the above.  The temples are the center of the "religious life of the people, and avoid contaminating their" sacred obligations with secular economic or political concerns. 	
#13,708 .A ""demon wall"" in a Balinese temple"    	3	is considered to be the earthly home of the local village "demons, a stopping place on their lengthy travels."  	is a wall on which demons, who are caught doing evil" "things, are hung and tortured until they promise to mend their" ways. 	is placed between the entrance gate and the sacred inner courtyard of the temple so demons will run into $t and not be able to get into the inner sanctum. 	represents the sacred demons who guard the temple against any humans who would come there with impure hearts.  	serves as a village scapegoat--whenever things go wrong," people can throw stones or rotten food at the pictures of the demons they believe to responsible for their particular troubles. 	
#13,709 The blue-green algae that grow in the rice fields    	2	are no real problem, because they only accumulate after the" rice harvest and are killed off when the fields are drained and left fallow for several months. 	Th are deliberately allowed to grow to provide fertilizer for the growing rice.  	are deliberately grown to feed the ducks, which compromise" the main source of animal protein for the village population. 	are grown as a second crop in the rice fields, harvested for" their rich protein and vitamin content a few weeks after the rice has been harvested. 	have only become a problem since the Balinese farmers followed the advice of outside experts to plant their fields continuously. 	
#13,710 .The term ""wayang"" refers to"    	5	the supreme god of the Hindu pantheon.   	the concept of beauty and harmony that is the basis of Balinese religion.  	the collective of all the demons, roughly translated as ""the" faces of evil.  	the sacred waters from the crater lake in the island's "largest volcano, Mt. Agung."  	none of the above   	
#13,711 The ceremony called Eka Desa Rudra    	1	is intended to control the forces of decay in the universe by transforming the demons into gods.  	is a title when all Balinese repent for the sins of the past year and seek forgiveness of the gods.  	is performed in great secrecy by the high priests in isolated mountain monasteries.  	celebrates the eruption of the great volcano in 1963 which proved that the spiritual powers which govern the universe are greater than human political powers. 	celebrates the coming of the New Year in the Balinese calendar.  	
#13,712 The performances of shadow puppet shows    	2	are done strictly for their entertainment value and are particular favorites at weddings and birthdays.  	are believed to present to people in this world shadows of the invisible realities of the worlds which lie beyond our senses and thus provide our only glimpses into these other worlds. 	have traditionally been in the hands of women who have the high shrill voices deemed necessary to impersonate the demons they represent. 	are derived from the tradition of Dutch puppet theater and demonstrated the ease and ingenuity with which the Balinese incorporate foreign elements into their own traditions. 	have become, more than anything else, a satirical forum for" "the expression of political views, relying heavily on the" anonymity provided by the medium. 	
#13,713 When animals are sacrificed during the ceremonies "surrounding Eka Desa Rudra, it Is believed that"   	4	the animals must have sinned greatly In their previous "lives, or else they wouldn't have been chosen for such a" death. 	the animals must have lived very good lives to be so fortunate as to be chosen for sacrifice in this ceremony.  	their deaths will symbolize the dissolving of nature into its basic elements from which Shiva will be able to create a more perfect order in the universe. 	B and C above   	none of the above.   	
#13,714 How do the Balinese manage to keep from being overwhelmed by all the outside influences that have been brought to their island with the increasing numbers of tourists? 	4	Because of their traditional focus on the spiritual life," Balinese have nothing but scorn for new ideas and new "technologies, and they simply refuse to adopt them." 	The government has imposed a series of restrictive "regulations upon tourists, prohibiting them entirely from" influencing impressionable natives in the villages. 	The government has refused to install electricity in the villages where most of the population lives; this slows down the people's awareness of the media and outside world. 	The Balinese have pride in their ability to select only those aspects of the modern world they can use to help them maintain their traditions. 	none of the above.  Already in the last ten years most of traditional Balinese life has been irrevocably changed.  	
#14,001 Adjustment anthropology, advocate anthropology, and action anthropology are all kinds of:   	1	applied anthropology.   	academic anthropology.   	innovation blueprints.   	cultural distinctions.   	requirements for action.   	
#14,002 Any use of anthropological knowledge to influence social interaction, to maintain or change social institutions, or to direct the course of cultural change is called:  	5	academic anthropology.   	adustment anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	administrative anthropology.   	applied anthropology.   	
#14,003 The use of anthropological knowledge to inform, enlighten, or increase the understanding of some individual or group is called:  	2	applied anthropology.   	academic anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	action anthropology.   	innovation blueprint.   	
#14,004 When an anthropology professor makes a film on Gilbertese family life, he is doing:   	3	action anthropology.   	applied anthropology.   	academic anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	administrative anthropology.   	
#14,005 Planned cultural change involves:    	4	research.   	the determination of a goal.   	the innovation blueprint.   	all of the above.   	action anthropology.   	
#14,006 The main distinction between administrative, action, and advocate anthropology hinges on:   	3	the nature of suggested innovation blueprints.   	the goal of planned change.   	who has the power to select goals and innovation blueprints.   	how innovation is implemented.   	the way research is conducted to decide on a plan.   	
#14,007 The Hausa case, in which the British eliminated sleeping sickness in one part of Nigeria by implementing a plan to cut brush along stream beds where tsetse flies lived, is a clear case of: 	5	academic anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	adjustment anthropology.   	action anthropology.   	administrative anthropology.   	
#14,008 The use of anthropological knowledge for planned change by those in power over the local cultural group is called:   	1	administrative anthropology.   	academic anthropology.   	action anthropology.   	adjustment anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	
#14,009 In action anthropology,            initiate(s), control(s) and implement(s) planned change.   	2	administrators   	the people affected by change   	the anthropologist   	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#14,010 The anthropologist acts as a(n)             in action anthropology.   	5	leader   	detatched observer   	director   	administrator   	catalyst   	
#14,011 Which one of the following would make the poorest prospect for a successful program of action anthropology?   	2	the Fox Indians   	tramps   	the Kwakiutl   	the Bhils   	all of the above   	
#14,012 Any use of anthropological knowledge by the anthropologist to increase the power of self-determination for a particular culture group is called:  	3	action anthropology.   	academic anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	adjustment anthropology.   	administrative anthropology.   	
#14,013 When the anthropologist released a report on the tramps' perception of the Seattle jail and law enforcement system to officials and the press, he was doing:  	4	academic anthropology   	action anthropology.   	adustment anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	administrative anthropology.   	
#14,014 In the description of applied anthropology among tramps in Seattle, the responsibility for selecting goals and desired changes was assumed by:  	5	the news media.   	the tramps themselves.   	the judicial system.   	the city council.   	the anthropologist.   	
#14,015 Research, teaching, writing, and film making are all kinds of academic anthropology.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,016 When an anthropology professor directs the shooting of a film on Gilbertese family life, he is doing applied anthropology.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,017 Applied anthropology focuses on the use of anthropological knowledge to inform, enlighten, or increase the understanding of some individual or group.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,018 An anthroplogist attempts to influence the way people treat tramps by revealing tramp culture, thus making tramps more predictable. Such an anthropologist would be doing...  	1	adjustment anthropology   	action anthropology.   	administrative anthropology.   	academic anthropology.   	advocate anthropology.   	
#14,019 It is probably impossible to formulate a plan for culture change in which everyone involved accepts the goal and the innnovation blueprint as the most desirable.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,020 Administrative anthropology involves the use of anthropological knowledge for planned change by those who are external to the local cultural group.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,021 According to the authors of the text, the most important ethical question in applied anthropology is who will choose the means and the ends in the process of applied culture change.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,022 Action anthropology requires that the group which is to change has some legitimate process for making decisions.   	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,023 The advocate anthropologist seeks to use the power that knowledge gives in order to increase the power of self-determination for the cultural group he investigates.  	1	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,024 Because they regularly interact with each other, police, judges, and psychologists share the view of tramp life and culture that tramps themselves have.  	2	True   	False   	   	   	   	
#14,027 WHEN THE ANTHROPOLOGIST RELEASED A REPORT ON THE TRAMPS' PERCEPTION OF THE SEATTLE JAIL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM TO OFFICIALS AND THE PRESS, HE WAS DOING  	4	ACADEMIC ANTHROPOLOGY.   	ACTION ANTHROPOLOGY.   	ADJUSTMENT ANTHROPOLOGY.   	ADVOCATE ANTHROPOLOGY.   	ADMINISTRATIVE ANTHROPOLOGY.   	
#14,050 Which of the following would be examples of what the appendix of your text refers to as a "cultural scene"?   	5	Riding a bus   	A bowling alley   	A veterinarian's office   	The multicultural center at L.C.C.   	All of the above are cultural scenes.   	
#14,051 Which of the following does your text advise you to avoid when you choose a cultural scene to study?  The text suggests that you should avoid  	2	Using foreign students as informants   	Using a scene that is familiar to you from your own participation in it  	Scenes where you will need to talk to participants   	Scenes that include observation of children   	Cultural scenes that are in public-use spaces   	
#14,052 The student who visited his father in the hospital chose which of the following as the cultural scene for his class project?   	5	All the activities in his father's room   	The hospital gift/flower shop   	The information desk in the hospital lobby   	The cleaning/janitorial staff   	The elevator   	
#14,053 A. cultural domain is    	1	A large category of knowledge that includes smaller categories inside it  	A cultural scene in which you feel comfortable and "at home"   	The cultural scene in which your main informant is in charge   	The geographic region in which the activities you are studying are carried out  	The characteristics that enable you to distinguish one folk term from another  	
#14,054 To observe that "frets are a part of a guitar" is an example of which of the following semantic relationships for organizing cultural domain   	5	Strict inclusion   	Cause-effect   	Means-end   	Rationale   	Part-whole   	
#14,055 To observe that "multiple choice is a kind of test" is an example of which of the following semantic relationships for organizing cultural domains?  	1	Strict inclusion   	Rationale   	Part-whole   	Means-end   	Sequence   	
#14,056 To observe that "you first have to separate the egg yolks from the egg whites" is an example of which of the following semantic relationships for organizing cultural domains?  	2	Strict inclusion   	Sequence   	Cause-effect   	Part-whole   	Purpose   	
#14,057 To observe that "looking down is a way to avoid attention" is an example of which of the following semantic relationships for organizing cultural domains?  	3	Strict inclusion   	Part-whole   	Means-end   	Sequence   	Cause-effect   	
#14,058 Constructing a taxonomy of a cultural domain involves which of the following?   	5	Locating cover terms   	Asking structural questions to identify included terms   	Noting the contrast sets among the included terms   	Making a diagram showing the terms and how they are related to each other  	All of the above are parts of the process   	
#14,059 Which of the following would illustrate what your text refers to as "contrast sets" within a cultural domain?   	5	Garbage, trash, and rubbish   	Guest, daughter, and simpleton   	Cross-cousins and parallel cousins   	Rubber tramp, home-guard tramp, and box car tramp   	All of the above are contrast sets in their respective domains   	
#14,060 At Brady's Bar, which of the following is the attribute that best distinguishes between the contrast sets of "regulars" and "people off the street"?  	3	Their sex   	The kind of beer they drink   	How often they come to Brady's   	How well they tip the waitresses   	The clothes they wear   	
#14,061 At Brady's Bar, the contrast sets of "regulars" and "female customers" are distinguishable by which of the following attributes?   	4	The kinds of drinks they order   	The way they pay for their drinks   	The reasons they come to Brady's   	All of the above are distinguishing attributes   	None of the above.  They are all "paying customers" and are treated the same by the staff at Brady's.  	
#14,062 A. new waitress at Brady's must learn about which of the following cultural domains?   	5	Kinds of drinks   	Ways to present drink orders to bartenders   	Kinds of customers   	Parts/areas within the bar   	All of the above are important domains for a waitress at Brady's to understand  	
#14,063 A. waitress at Brady's learns to recognize which of the following as the domain most important to her success and comfort in this college bar?  The domain of  	4	Kinds of customers   	Kinds of drinks   	Ways to mix drinks   	Ways to keep the bartenders happy   	Ways to keep the customers happy   	
#14,064 In the cultural domain of "reasons for going to Brady's Bar", which of the following would be most clearly characteristic of the regulars and real regulars?  	4	To study   	To get drunk   	To "pick up girls"   	To "hang out with the guys"   	To "get away from the spouse and kids"   	
#15,000 At Brady's Bar, the "cross-over" phenomenon refers to the fact that:    	1	waitresses will sometimes be allowed to work behind the bar (which is regarded as a privilege) whereas bartenders would never consent to work the tables. 	waitresses can wear pants to work, but bartenders can never wear skirts.  	waitresses will sometimes help out in another waitress' section.  	customers will sometimes make their own drinks.   	customers will sometimes order drinks to be sent to friends across the room.  	
#15,001 In the INFORMAL status hierarchy at Brady's, as seen by wait- resses, which kinds of customers ranks the lowest?   	2	Loners   	People off the street   	Regulars   	Female customers   	None of the above--the waitresses are very careful to treat all customers alike.  	
#15,002 Towards which of the following categories of people do the waitresses feel the most antagonism?   	3	the bartenders who boss them around   	the other cocktail waitresses with whom they compete for the bartender's attention  	female customers who are hard to please and unrewarding to serve  	the real regulars who get fresh with them and demand special attention  	the owner, old Mr. Brady, who stops in to check up on them and is almost always critical of their work  	
#15,003 In the informal status hierarchy at Brady's, where do the waitresses fit?   	2	on a level with the bartenders, just below the manager  	below the bartenders, real regulars, and regulars, B. but above female customers  	just below bartenders and above all customers   	below everyone else in the bar, servants to all   	   	
#15,004 Waitresses at Brady's don't like to serve female customers for which of the following reasons?   	4	Female customers usually want fancy drinks which bartenders hate to prepare.  	Female customers seldom order in rounds, but insist on paying separately.  	Female customers ask lots of questions about drinks, and often change their minds on second rounds.  	All of the above create problems for cocktail waitresses.   	None of the above--waitresses prefer to serve other women because they are more polite, and are sympathetic to the difficulties of being a woman working in a man's world. 	
#15,005 Which of the following attributes characterize the joking relationship at Brady's?   	5	It happens primarily between waitresses, to boost their morale and contribute to their feeling of unity in their difficult situation. 	It happens mostly within the male inner circle of bartenders and real regulars, reinforcing their solidarity and high status as an "in" group. 	It happens very discreetly "behind the scenes" between bartenders and waitresses--a secret privilege that reinforces the solidarity of the working unit at Brady's. 	It can cover a wide variety to topics, usually, however, related to college life like tests, classes, etc.  	None of the above accurately describes the joking relationship at Brady's.  	
#15,006 Why, in the "Cocktail Waitress, did the authors decide to do this ethnography from a woman`s point of view?   	3	Because the waitresses fill the most important statuses at Brady`s and are the main focus of and moving force behind, most of the activities which take place there. 	Because the waitresses, having less to do than the bartenders, would have more time to talk with the anthropologists and answer their questions. 	Because so few anthropological studies have described cultural settings through a woman's perspective.  	Because women are more talkative and are also more open and honest than men, the authors felt they could be trusted to give more accurate and  unbiased data about Brady's. 	It really didn't matter from whose perspective they did the study; the events at Brady's would be seen in the same way be any participant in the scene. 	
#15,007 Which of the following situations best illustrate the "handicap rule" in action at Brady's?   	2	Because of the lengthy sign-in procedures, waitresses cannot start work on time and therefore seldom have their tables ready before the crowds of customers arrive. 	The waitresses are not allowed to have a drink before starting work; the bartenders can drink whatever they want.  	The bartenders are not allowed to bring drinks to the tables, and therefore don`t have the same opportunities for friendly visiting with customers that the waitresses do. 	Female customers are not allowed to sit at the bar, and must therefore always "be stuck" at tables in dark corners where it`s hard to get good service. 	None of the above happens at Brady's--Brady's is a democratic co-operative endeavor in which waitresses and bartenders are equal partners. 	
#15,008 Which of the following illustrates what the authors mean by the "asymmetry" of the male-female relationships at Brady`s?   	5	The bartenders can use "foul" language and make explicitly sexual comments about the waitresses, but the waitresses cannot use the same language or make equivalent comments about the men. 	If service and drinks are pleasing to customers, bartenders usually get the credit; if customers are dissatisfied, the waitresses get blamed. 	If the bartenders stand around talking and laughing with friends who are customers it is "PR" and good for business; if waitresses visit with friends who are customers they are "goofing off". 	Orders for drinks must be presented to the bartender in the way most convenient to him, rather than in a manner that would make the waitress`s work easier. 	All of the above incidents occur at Brady`s and reflect the asymmetry in male-female relationships.  	
#15,009 The fact that female customers get "carded" more often than male customers at Brady's can best be attributed to which of the following factors?  	5	The bar serves more female than male customers, so of course more women get asked to show I.D.s.  	The manager's at Brady's know that violations of the drinking age laws are more strictly enforced for young women than for young men. 	College girls are bolder than college boys about trying to pass as 'of age', and therefore get caught more frequently. 	Waitresses more frequently card female customers because they know women will be flattered to be thought younger than they are, and will probably tip better. 	None of the above adequately explains this discrepancy in carding behavior.  	
#15,010 Which of the following behaviors at Brady's do the authors suggest as contributing to its function as a men's club, reinforcing male values and identities?  	4	The frequent sexual jokes and passes made at waitresses call public attention to men as sexually aggressive, and to women as sexual objects. 	The drinking contests emphasize the men's willingness to respond to a dare, and their strength, endurance, and ability to hold their liquor--culturally defined as desirable male traits. 	Readiness to pick a fight with another customer by skilled use of insults and follow through on it with fists demonstrates a man's individualism, courage and toughness. 	A and B above   	All of the above strategies are frequently used by men at Brady'S.  	
#15,011 The Brady family includes which of the following people?    	3	Old Mr. Brady and his nephews   	The bartenders and waitresses   	The managers, bartenders, waitresses, and real regulars.   	Mr. and Mrs. Brady, their two sons, Mark and John, and their daughter, Denice.  	Everyone in the bar becomes a temporary member of the Brady family for as long as they are there.  	
#15,012 New waitresses at Brady's soon learn which of the following rules for establishing priorities in the services they render?   	1	The bartender's wishes and needs come first   	The customer's needs come first.   	Help whichever waitress has the busiest section, and then take care of your own customers.  	Help customers sitting at the bar first, then wait on customers at the tables.  	   	
#15,013 Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the relationships among the waitresses at Brady's?   	4	The waitresses cooperate efficiently to get their job done, but have little sense of personal friendship with each other. 	Blatantly competitive, each waitress jealously guards her own turf-- both territorial and masculine--against the others.  	In response to their shared low rank, the waitresses also share strong bonds of mutual support and friendship  	Although most are good friends and mutually supportive against attacks by the men, their need for approval creates an undercurrent of divisiveness. 	   	
#15,025 FROM TURNBULL'S DESCRIPTION OF THE PYGMIES' REACTIONS TO THE DEATHS OF CEPHU'S DAUGHTER AND THEN OF THE OLD WOMAN, A PYGMY POSTULATE MIGHT BE:  	5	DEATHS ARE UNNATURAL, FEARED EVENTS BELIEVED TO BE CAUSED BY WITCHCRAFT.  	NO DEEP FEELINGS ARE TO BE EXPRESSED--MOURNING MUST BE DONE ACCORDING TO FORMALIZED RULES.  	ALL DEATHS ARE SERIOUS, "GRAVE" MATTERS, RESPONDED TO WITH SOLEMN RESPECT AND CONCERN AND GRIEF.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	NONE OF THE ABOVE.   	
#15,026 THE MEMBERS OF A PYGMY BAND ARE ALL:    	1	RELATED BY KINSHIP TIES.   	ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT STARTING PLANTATIONS.   	UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF ONE CHIEF.   	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	   	
#15,027 THE RULES SURROUNDING THE INITIATION OF BOYS INTO MANHOOD:    	1	WERE PART OF THE TRADITIONS OF THE VILLAGERS, NOT THE PYGMIES   	WERE RIGOROUSLY FOLLOWED BY THE PYGMIES.   	WERE AN OLD PYGMY TRADITION WHICH THE VILLAGERS HAD ADOPTED FOR THEIR OWN.  	PROVED HOW DEPENDENT THE PYGMIES WERE UPON THE VILLAGERS.   	   	
#15,028 IN SETTING UP A NEW PYGMY CAMP, THE LOCATIONS OF THE HUTS ARE DETERMINED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING METHODS?   	4	GROUP DISCUSSION ARRIVING AT A CONSENSUS AS TO WHO WILL LIVE WHERE.  	STRONG TRADITION DICTATES WHO LIVES NEXT TO WHOM.   	IMPORTANT PEOPLE GET TO CHOOSE FIRST, AND THEN ASSIGN THE REMAINING SPACES TO THE REST OF THE BAND.  	INDIVIDUALS (MEN OR THEIR WIVES) SELECT THE PLACES THEY WANT TO BE, USUALLY BUILDING NEAR FRIENDS OR CLOSEST RELATIVES.  	   	
#15,029 THE COLLECTION OF FOOD FOR THE MOLIMO BASKET, AMONG THE PYGMIES, WOULD BE MOST ACCURATELY SEEN AS AN EXAMPLE OF:   	2	HORTICULTURE.   	REDISTRIBUTION.   	RECIPROCITY.   	COERCION.   	   	
#15,030 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DEGREES OF DEADNESS FOR THE PYGMIES WOULD CORRESPOND TO OUR CONCEPT OF DEAD?   	2	DEAD   	DEAD FOREVER   	COMPLETELY OR ABSOLUTELY DEAD   	ALL OF THESE REFER TO THE SAME CONDITION--DEAD IS DEAD   	   	
#15,031 FROM HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO THE PYGMIES, THEY WERE:    	4	KNOWN TO ANCIENT EGYPTIANS AND GREEKS.   	DESCRIBED AS HAVING TAILS AND FLITTING THROUGH TREETOPS.   	THOUGHT TO BE MYTHICAL CREATURES, ABLE TO MAKE THEMSELVES INVISIBLE.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	   	
#15,032 TURNBULL WAS OFFENDED AT HIS FIRST SIGHT OF THE MOLIMO PRIMARILY BECAUSE:   	3	IT WAS A BEAUTIFULLLY CARVED INSTRUMENT, WHICH SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN LEFT OUT IN THE OPEN.  	THE PYGMIES WERE BAD TO HAVE STOLEN THE PIPE FROM CONSTRUCTION CREWS.  	THEIR SOMEWHAT CRUDE JOKING AND PLAYING WITH IT WHEN THEY FIRST GOT IT RAN COUNTER TO TURNBULL'S IDEAS OF REVERENCE TOWARDS SACRED OBJECTS. 	THE PYGMIES HAD JUST BEEN "PUTTING HIM ON" TO WATCH HIM RUN ALL THAT WAY THROUGH THE FOREST.  	   	
#15,033 AMONG THE PYGMIES, A MAN CAN GAIN PRESTIGE AND POWER BY:    	4	BEING A CHIEF.   	USING HUNTING MAGIC TO CATCH LOTS OF GAME.   	HAVING SEVERAL WIVES.   	NONE OF THE ABOVE.   	   	
#15,034 THE PYGMIES SUBMIT THEIR SONS TO THE VILLAGERS' INITIATION RITES BECAUSE:   	1	THIS IS THE ONLY WAY THEY CAN BE REGARDED AND TREATED AS ADULT MEN IN THE VILLAGERS' EYES.  	THEY KNOW THEIR SONS NEED THE TOUGHENING UP PROCESS AND THE SEX EDUCATION IN ORDER TO COPE WITH THEIR LIVES IN THE FOREST.  	IT IS ONLY INITIATED MEN WHO WILL BE ABLE TO JOIN AND WORK FOR THE VILLAGE ANCESTORS AFTER THEIR DEATH.  	THIS INITIATION PROCESS IS SOMETHING THEY DO REGULARLY IN THE FOREST ANYWAY, SO IF THEY DO IT IN THE VILLAGE THEY GET AN EXTRA FEAST. 	   	
#15,035 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TRANSACTIONS COULD BE THE BEST EXAMPLE OF RECIPROCITY?   	1	SISTER-EXCHANGE AMONG THE PYGMIES.   	TAXATION   	A CHURCH POTLUCK   	BUYING GROCERIES AT SAFEWAY   	   	
#15,036 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING METHODS OF SETTLING DISPUTES WOULD BE LEAST CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PYGMIES?   	3	RIDICULE   	FIGHTING IT OUT   	TAKING THE QUARREL TO THE VILLAGE CHIEF TO DECIDE   	A GATHERING OF THE CAMP ELDERS, AND ANY OTHER INTERESTED PERSONS, TO DISCUSS THE CASE AND AIR OPINIONS.  	   	
#15,037 KENGE HAD DIFFICULTY AT FIRST ACCEPTING THE GRASSLANDS OF THE GAME RESERVE BECAUSE:   	4	THERE WERE NOT ANY TREES, AND THAT MADE IT A "BAD" PLACE.   	HE WAS NOT ALLOWED TO HUNT ALL THAT GOOD GAME THAT WAS GOING TO WASTE.  	HE WAS FRIGHTENED TO WATCH THE "INSECTS" ON THE PLAINS BECOME LARGE BUFFALO AS THE CAR APPROACHED THEM.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	   	
#15,038 THE VILLAGE CHIEF WHO SENT HIS DAUGHTER (AMINA) TO SLEEP WITH TURNBULL DID THIS BECAUSE:   	2	HE FELT SORRY FOR TURNBULL NOT HAVING A WOMEN.   	HE HOPED TO WIN THE LOYALTY OF THE PYGMIES.   	TURNBULL HAD HELPED HIM OUT IN THE PAST, AND THIS WAS THE CHIEF'S WAY OF RETURNING THE FAVOR.  	THE PYGMIES LIKED AMINA AND WANTED HER TO JOIN THEIR GROUP, BUT WERE NOT THEMSELVES ALLOWED TO MARRY VILLAGE WOMEN.  	   	
#15,039 TURNBULL SUGGESTS THAT THE IMPORTANT PART PLAYED BY THE OLD WOMAN AT THE CLOSING OF THE MOLIMO FESTIVAL MIGHT BEST BE UNDERSTOOD AS:  	2	A WAY THE WOMEN HAD OF GETTING BACK AT THE MEN FOR HAVING MADE THEM STAY COOPED UP EVERY NIGHT.  	A SYMBOLIC RECOGNITION OF THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF MAN AND WOMEN IN ALL ASPECTS OF PYGMY LIFE.  	CONFUSION IN THE PYGMIES' MINDS AS TO WHAT THE MOLIMO WAS ALL ABOUT ANYWAY.  	INDICATIVE OF THE MEN'S EXHAUSTION AT HAVING HAD TO STAY UP EVERY NIGHT SINGING WHILE THE WOMEN GOT TO SLEEP.  	   	
#15,040 IN THE LIVES AND WORLD VIEW OF THE VILLAGERS, THE FOREST WAS    	5	THREATENING, HOSTILE PLACE BECAUSE: A. THEY HAD TO WORK SO HARD TO CLEAR LAND FOR PLANTATIONS, AND TO GET THEIR CROPS TO GROW. 	THE FOREST WAS POPULATED WITH EVIL SPIRITS.   	IT WAS NOT THE RIGHTFUL HOME OF THEIR ANCESTORS, SO THERE COULD BE NO REAL SENSE OF BELONGING.  	THE PYGMIES KEPT ATTACKING THEM AND DRIVING THEM OUT OF THE FOREST.  	ALL BUT (D) ABOVE.   	
#15,041 THE PYGMIES' GENERAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE VILLAGERS MIGHT BEST BE DESCRIBED AS ONE OF:   	2	FEAR--BOTH OF THE VILLAGERS' POLITICAL POWER AND OF THEIR ABILITY TO USE WITCHCRAFT.  	DISRESPECTFUL TOLERANCE -- A WILLINGNESS TO GO ALONG WITH VILLAGER'S DEMANDS TO THE EXTENT THAT THEY (THE PYGMIES) GOT SOMETHING THEY WANTED 	ANGER, RESENTMENT AND HATRED OF ALL VILLAGERS, FOR THEIR INTRUSION INTO THE PYGMIES' SACRED FOREST.  	ADMIRATION AND ENVY FOR THE VILLAGERS' SECURE AND SEDENTARY LIFE, AND FOR THEIR ACCESS TO THE WHITE PEOPLE'S WORLD. 	   	
#15,042 THE PYGMIES REGARD A GIRL'S FIRST MENSTRUAL PERIOD AS A(N):    	3	PERSONAL AND PRIVATE EVENT, TO BE DISCUSSED ONLY WITH HER MOTHER AND HER CLOSEST GIRLFRIEND.  	AWESOME AND FEARFUL EVENT, AN OMEN OF EVIL AND A. CURSE UPON THE WHOLE COMMUNITY.  	A CAUSE FOR REJOICING, TO BE SHARED AND CELE- BRATED WITH THE WHOLE COMMUNITY.  	A SIGN FROM THE VILLAGERS' ANCESTORS THAT THE GIRL IS NOW SUPPOSED TO BECOME A WIFE.  	   	
#15,043 THE GIRLS' INITIATION CEREMONY IS CALLED:    	2	AN NKUMBI.   	AN ELIMA.   	A MOLIMO.   	A BAMBUTI.   	   	
#15,044 THE VILLAGERS WERE OFFENDED AT THE WAY THE PYGMIES HANDLED THE GIRLS' INITIATION BECAUSE:   	4	THE GIRLS REFUSED TO WEAR THE SKIRTS MADE WITH THE RITUALLY SAFE LEAVES.  	GIRLS HAD BEEN ALLOWED TO LEAVE THE MENSTRUAL HUT AND WANDER ALL AROUND THE COUNTRYSIDE--THUS ENDANGERING SEVERAL COMMUNITIES. 	THE PYGMIES HAD HELD THE INITIATION DEEP IN THE FOREST, AND HAD REFUSED TO ALLOW THE VILLAGERS TO PARTICIPATE.  	A AND B ABOVE.   	ALL OF THE ABOVE.   	
#15,045 FROM THE DESCRIPTIONS TURNBULL GIVES OF THREE PYGMY WEDDINGS (AKIDINIMBA/ATETE; KENGE/MALIAMO; YAMBABO/TAPHU), IT IS CLEAR THAT:  	3	PYGMIES CONSIDER WEDDING CEREMONIES TO BE SERIOUS, SACRED, AND FORMAL RITUALS, TO BE CARRIED OUT WITH SOLEMNITY A. AND REVERENCE. 	PYGMY WOMEN HAVE NO SAY IN WHOM THEY WILL MARRY, AS THEY MEEKLY AND OBEDIENTLY MARRY THE MAN THEIR FATHER OR THEIR BROTHER HAS CHOSEN FOR THEM. 	NORMALLY, A PYGMY BRIDE LEAVES HER OWN CAMP TO MOVE IN WITH HER HUSBAND IN HIS CAMP.  	A MARRIAGE IS LEGITIMATE ONLY WHEN THE GROOM'S FAMILY HAS PAID BRIDE WEALTH TO THE BRIDE'S FAMILY, TO ENSURE THAT THE BRIDE CAN'T LEAVE HIM AND GO HOME. 	PYGMY GROOMS AND BRIDES ARE AS EXCITED AND NERVOUS ON THEIR WEDDING DAY AS ARE AMERICAN COUPLES.  	
#15,046 WHEN KENGE WAS TRYING TO ARRAGNGE HIS MARRIAGE WITH MALIAMO, HE RAN INTO DIFFICULTIES BECAUSE:   	1	HIS SISTER, YAMBABO, HAD TO CONSENT TO MARRY MALIAMO'S BROTHER TO COMPLETE THE "SISTER-EXCHANGE"--AND SHE WAS UNWILLING TO COOPERATE. 	THE OTHER PYGMIES IN KENGE'S CAMP WERE APPALLED THAT HE SHOULD BEAT HIS SISTER, AND DROVE HIM OUR OF CAMP FOR HIS VIOLENCE AGAINST A KINSWOMAN. 	THE VILLAGERS WANTED MALIAMO TO MARRY SOMEONE OF THEIR CHOICE, RATHER THAN KENGE.  	KENGE'S MOTHER DISAPPROVED OF HIS CHOICE OF A BRIDE AND REFUSED TO GRANT HER PERMISSION, WITHOUT WHICH KENGE COULD NOT MARRY. 	MALIAMO BELONGED TO ANOTHER BAND OF PYGMIES, AND WAS TEREFORE REGARDED AS AN UNWELCOME OUTSIDER BY KENGE'S GROUP. 	
#15,047 THE VILLAGERS INSIST ON INITIATING PYGMY BOYS ALONG WITH THEIR OWN SONS BECAUSE:   	5	THEY BELIEVE THIS PUTS THE PYGMIES UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL OF THE VILLIAGE ANCESTORS, WHO FROM THEN ON WILL BE ABLE TO PUNISH DISOBEDIENT PYGMIES. 	THEY BELIEVE THAT THEY CREATE AN EVEN STRONGER BOND OF RECIPROCITY OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL PAIRS OF VILLAGE AND PYGMY BOYS 	THEY BELIEVE THAT THE ANCESTORS WOULD BE ANGRY WITH C. THEM AND PUNISH THEM IF THEY DID NOT INITIATE THE PYGMIES, AS WELL AS THEIR OWN BOYS 	THEY BELIEVE THAT THIS GUARANTEES THAT INITIATED PYGMIES WILL CONTINUE TO SERVE VILLAGE ANCESTORS AFTER DEATH.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE CONSIDERATIONS IN THE VILLAGERS' MINDS.  	
#15,048 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS BEST DESCRIBES PYGMY ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHILDREN AND THEIR CHILD REARING TECHNIQUES?   	4	CHILDREN ARE UNABLE TO UNDERSTAND ADULT THINGS AND SO MUST NOT BE EXPOSED TO ADULT ACTIVITIES UNTIL THEY ARE IN THEIR TEENS. 	CHILDREN ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THEIR BIOLOGICAL PARENTS, AND NO ONE SHOULD INTERFERE WITH HOW PARENTS TREAT THEIR OWN CHILDREN. 	CHILDREN ARE PART OF THE WOMEN'S WORLD AND NO SELF-RESPECTING PYGMY FATHER WOULD PLAY WITH THEM.  	CHILDREN AS MUCH A PART OF THE GROUP AS ANY OTHER PYGMIES AND PARTICIPATE IN THE LIFE OF THE CAMP AS THEY GAIN THE SKILLS NECESSARY TO DO SO. 	CHILDREN ARE THE CENTER OF THE PYGMY WORLD, AND ALMOST ALL DECISIONS A FAMILY MAKES REVOLVE AROUND THE CHILDREN'S WANTS AND NEEDS. 	
#15,049 THE PYGMIES' VALUING OF THE INDIVIDUAL (AS LONG AS THE INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT THREATEN THE WELL-BEING OF THE GROUP) IS REFLECTED IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF PYGMY LIFE?  	5	THAT CEPHU THE NUISANCE, WAS STILL ENJOYED AS "THE BEST STORY TELLER IN THE FOREST".  	THAT EKIANGE COULD CHOOSE TO HAVE THREE WIVES, EVEN THOUGH THAT IS NOT NORMAL FOR PYGMIES.  	THAT EACH PERSON IS ALLOWED TO CHOOSE WHEN AND HOW HE OR SHE WILL PARTICIPATE IN ANY PARTICULAR ACTIVITY.  	THAT CHILDREN ARE ALLOWED TO GROW UP AND ACQUIRE ADULT SKILLS AT THEIR OWN RATE.  	ALL OF THE ABOVE COULD BE SEEN AS REFLECTIONS OF A VALUING OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE PYGMY WORLD.  	
#15,050 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE AMONG THE PROBLEMS CAUSED FOR PYGMIES BY SISTER-EXCHANGE MARRIAGES?   	4	IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO FIND A WILLING "SISTER" OR "BROTHER" TO COMPLETE THE EXCHANGE.  	IF ONE MARRIAGE BREAKS UP, AND THE WIFE LEAVES, THE OTHER MARRIAGE MAY HAVE TO BREAK UP, TOO.  	IF THE EXCHANGE HAS BEEN WITHIN ONE CAMP, THERE CAN BE MORE SEVERE ROLE CONFLICT FOR A WOMAN, IF HER HUSBAND AND HER BROTHER GET IN A FIGHT. 	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF SISTER- EXCHANGE MARRIAGES.  	   	
#15,051 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CULTURES YOU'VE READ ABOUT THIS TERM WOULD BE THE BEST EXAMPLE OF AN EGALITARIAN SOCIETY ?   	3	THE TIV (OF SHAKESPEARE IN THE BUSH)   	THE KWAKIUTL   	THE BA MOUTI   	THE MAE ENGA   	ALL OF THESE COULD BE CLASSIFIED AS PRIMITIVE CULTURES AND THEREFORE ARE EGALITARIAN IN THEIR SOCIAL STRUCTURES.  	
#15,052 IN THE FILM ON THE FAMILY IN INDIA, WHICH (OF HER MANY ROLES) IS DADI'S MOST IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FAMILY?   	3	HER ROLE AS MOTHER   	HER ROLE AS WIFE   	HER ROLE AS MOTHER-IN-LAW   	HER ROLE AS GRANDMOTHER   	HER ROLE AS SISTER   	
#15,053 IN THE WEDDING OF DADI'S YOUNGEST SON, RAJINDAR, TO KANTA, WHICH WAS THE MOST UNTRADITIONAL ASPECT OF THE MARRIAGE?   	4	THE FACT THAT KANTA BELONGED TO A DIFFERENT, AND LOWER, CASTE THAN RAJINDAR  	THE FACT THAT KANTA AND HER PARENTS WERE NOT FROM THE SAME VILLAGE AS RAJINDAR  	THE FACT THAT THE WEDDING TOOK PLACE AT THE BRIDE'S HOUSE RATHER THAN AT RAJINDAR'S HOME  	THE FACT THAT RAJINDAR HAD CHOSEN HIS OWN BRIDE   	THE FACT THAT RAJINDAR WAS GETTING MARRIED BEFORE HIS TWO OLDER BROTHERS HAD FOUND WIVES  	
#15,054 IN TRADITIONAL INDIAN MARRIAGES, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RULES IS USUALLY FOLLOWED IN DECIDING WHERE A NEWLY MARRIED COUPLE WILL LIVE?  	1	THE BRIDE USUALLY MOVES IN WITH HER HUSBAND'S FAMILY OR KIN GROUP, IN HER HUSBAND'S VILLAGE  	THE GROOM USUALLY MOVES TO HIS BRIDE'S VILLAGE AND MOVES IN WITH HER KIN GROUP  	THE BRIDE AND GROOM SET UP A NEW HOUSEHOLD OF THEIR OWN, INDEPENDENT OF EITHER FAMILY  	THE COUPLE LIVES FOR THE FIRST FEW YEARS WITH THE BRIDE'S FAMILY AND THEN MOVES BACK TO THE GROOM'S FAMILY AFTER THE FIRST SON IS BORN 	THE COUPLE MOVES IN WITH THE GROOM'S FAMILY UNTIL THE FIRST CHILD IS BORN AND THEN THEY SET UP A HOUSEHOLD OF THEIR OWN 	
#15,055 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS MOST ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE WORK PATTERNS OF THE WOMEN IN DADI'S FAMILY?   	2	THE DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW DO ALL THE COOKING AND HOUSEWORK, WHILE DADI, FREED FROM THESE CHORES BECAUSE OF HER AGE, MINDS THE CHILDREN 	ALL THE ADULT WOMEN DO THEIR SHARE OF COOKING AND HOUSEWORK AND THE YOUNGER WOMEN ALSO DO MUCH WORK IN THE FIELDS  	EACH WOMAN IS PRIMARILY INVOLVED IN TAKING CARE OF AND EDUCATING HER OWN CHILDREN; THEY HIRE LOWER CASTE WOMEN AS MAIDS TO DO THE HOUSEWORK AND COOKING 	THE WOMEN ARE ALL NEEDED TO HELP THE MEN WORK IN THE FIELDS SO THEY MUST HIRE LOWER CASTE WOMEN TO TAKE CARE OF D. THEIR CHILDREN AND DO THE HOUSEHOLD TASKS 	TO MAXIMIZE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE HOUSEHOLD, EACH WOMAN SPECIALIZES IN ONE KIND OF WORK: ONE DOES ALL THE COOKING, ANOTHER DOES ALL THE WEAVING AND SEWING, ETC. 	
#15,056 HOW DID THE WOMEN IN DADI'S HOUSEHOLD (DADI, HER DAUGHTERS, AND HER DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW) REACT TO THE COMING OF A NEW BRIDE, KANTA, INTO THE FAMILY?  	3	THEY WERE ALL SOMEWHAT IN AWE OF KANTA BECAUSE OF HER EDUCATION AND HER JOB IN THE CITY  	THEY WERE ALL PRIMARILY GLAD THAT THERE WOULD SOON BE ONE MORE PERSON IN THE HOUSEHOLD TO HELP WITH THE WORK  	THEY SEEMED SOMEWHAT NEGATIVE TOWARDS KANTA BECAUSE AS A CITY GIRL SHE WOULDN'T KNOW HOW, OR BE WILLING TO DO, THE KIND OF WORK EXPECTED OF THEMSELVES 	THEY SEEMED INDIFFERENT TO KANTA'S COMING BECAUSE THEY WERE BUSY WITH THEIR OWN LIVES; BESIDES, NEW BRIDES HAVE SUCH LOW STATUS THAT NO ONE PAYS MUCH ATTENTION TO THEM 	THEY WERE ACTIVELY HOSTILE TOWARDS KANTA BECAUSE THEY KNEW SHE MUST HAVE USED WITCHCRAFT TO ENSNARE HER HUSBAND AGAINST THE FAMILY'S WISHES 	
#15,057 WHAT DID DARSHINI (DADI'S FIRST DAUGHTER-IN-LAW) SEE AS THE ADVANTAGE OF PARTICIPATION IN THIS JOINT FAMILY?   	4	SHE THOUGHT OF HOW MUCH MORE WORK SHE WOULD HAVE TO DO IF SHE AND HER HUSBAND SET UP AN INDEPENDENT HOUSEHOLD  	SHE EXPRESSED RELIEF THAT THE BURDEN OF DECISION- MAKING WAS NOT IN HER OWN OR HER HUSBAND'S HANDS  	SHE KNEW THAT THE JOINT FAMILY WOULD PROVIDE WELL FOR HER CHILDREN AND WOULD PAY FOR THEIR EDUCATION AND THEIR MARRIAGES 	ALL OF THE ABOVE WERE PERCEIVED BY DARSHINI AS POSITIVE ASPECTS OF MEMBERSHIP IN A JOINT FAMILY  	NONE OF THE ABOVE REFLECT DARSHINI'S VIEWS-SHE CONSTANTLY EXPRESSED ONLY RESENTMENT AND FRUSTRATION AT BEING FORCED TO WORK FOR HER HUSBAND'S FAMILY, FOR NOTHING IN RETURN 	
#15,058 WHY WERE SEVERAL MEMBERS OF DADI'S FAMILY CONCERNED OR WORRIED ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF RAJINDAR'S MARRIAGE TO KANTA?   	3	THEY WERE WORRIED THAT RAJINDAR, WITH HIS FANCY COLLEGE EDUCATION, WOULD TRY TO TAKE OVER THE RUNNING OF THE FAMILY'S FARM 	THEY WERE CONCERNED THAT HIS UNTRADITIONAL MARRIAGE WOULD BE OFFENSIVE TO THE GODS WHO WOULD CAUSE DISASTERS TO FALL UPON THE WHOLE FAMILY 	THEY WERE CONCERNED THAT RAJINDAR AND KANTA, LIVING IN THE CITY, WOULD SOONER OR LATER WANT TO CUT THEIR ECONOMIC TIES WITH THE FAMILY 	THEY WERE WORRIED THAT THE HIGH EXPENSES OF CITY LIVING WOULD FORCE RAJINDAR TO KEEP BORROWING MONEY FROM THE JOINT FAMILY AND UNDERMINE THE FAMILY'S SECURITY 	ALL OF THE ABOVE WERE EQUALLY OF CONCERN TO MOST MEMBERS OF DADI'S FAMILY  	
#15,059 ACCORDING TO SEVERAL WOMEN (AND A FEW OF THE MEN) IN THE FILM, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHANGES IN WOMEN'S BEHAVIOR HAVE OCCURRED SINCE DADI WAS A YOUNG BRIDE?  	5	WIVES NOW TALK WITH AND TO THEIR HUSBANDS, EVEN TO THE POINT OF CRITICIZING THEM OR ASKING THEM TO DO THINGS  	DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW ARE LESS AFRAID OF, AND LESS SUBMISSIVE TO, THEIR MOTHERS-IN-LAW  	WOMEN ARE WANTING, AND HAVING, FEWER CHILDREN   	WIVES NOW EAT WITH THEIR HUSBANDS AND DON'T COVER THEIR FACES IN THEIR HUSBAND'S PRESENCE  	ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE CHANGES FROM THE TRADITIONAL WIFELY BEHAVIORS OF 40 YEARS AGO  	
#15,060 WHY DID SITA'S HUSBAND (DADI'S SECOND SON) WANT FOR HER TO HAVE A DAUGHTER AND NOT STOP AT TWO SONS?   	1	HE THOUGHT SHE WOULD BE MORE UNDERSTANDING OF HER SONS' BRIDES IF SHE HAD TO SEND A DAUGHTER OF HER OWN AWAY AS A BRIDE 	HE LOVED SITA AND WANTED TO HAVE A LITTLE GIRL JUST LIKE HER TO COMPLETE THE FAMILY  	DAUGHTERS ARE IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ASSETS BECAUSE OF THE LARGE BRIDE PRICE THAT IS PAID TO THEIR FATHERS AT THE TIME OF THEIR MARRIAGE 	DAUGHTERS ARE VALUED FOR THE WORK THEY DO, IN THE HOUSE AND IN THE FIELDS, ESSENTIALLY AS A FORM OF FREE LABOR 	BECAUSE SITA REALLY WANTED TO HAVE ONLY TWO CHILDREN; HIS INSISTENCE ON A THIRD WAS HIS WAY OF DEMONSTRATING HIS RIGHTFUL AUTHORITY IN THE MARRIAGE 	
#15,061 WHAT KINDS OF PROBLEMS IN LIVING IN A JOINT FAMILY WERE ILLUSTRATED IN THE SCENE WHERE DARSHINI IS UPSET AND CRYING, COMPLAINING ABOUT HER LIFE IN DADI'S HOUSEHOLD?  	5	MALICIOUS GOSSIP AMONG THE WOMEN ABOUT EACH OTHER   	INEQUITY IN THE ASSIGNMENT OF WORK LOADS AMONG THE HOUSEHOLD'S WOMEN  	A MOTHER-IN-LAW'S INTERFERENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF HER SON AND HIS WIFE  	INEQUITY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF REWARDS (SUCH AS TIME, PRIVACY, MATERIAL GOODS, ETC.) AMONT THE DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW  	ALL OF THE ABOVE WERE SOURCES OF TENSION AND CAUSES OF COMPLAINT FOR DARSHINI IN THIS SCENE  	
#15,062 WHAT WERE DADI'S REACTIONS TO DARSHINI'S TIRADE?    	3	DADI WAS FURIOUS WITH DARSHINI FOR DARING TO CHALLENGE OR CRITICIZE HER (DADI'S) AUTHORITY AND DECISIONS  	DADI WAS IRRITATED AT THE PETTY WHINING THAT WAS PREVENTING DARSHINI FROM DOING HER WORK  	DADI WAS CONCILIATORY AND SYMPATHETIC, TRYING TO ASSURE DARSHINI OF HER SUPPORT  	DADI SIMPLY IGNORED DARSHINI, KNOWING THAT SHE'D CALM DOWN AFTER SHE HAD HAD A CHANCE TO BLOW OFF STEAM  	DADI CALLED IN DARSHINI'S HUSBAND TO DEAL WITH HER TANTRUM HOWEVER HE SAW FIT  	
#15,063 IN STREET SCENES IN VILLAGES OF THE PART OF INDIA WHERE DADI LIVES, WOMEN WALKING IN PUBLIC WITH THEIR FACES UNCOVERED ARE PROBABLY:  	2	WIVES OF MEN OF THE VILLAGE   	DAUGHTERS OF VILLAGE FAMILIES   	WOMEN OF LOW CASTE NOT SUBJECT TO THE LAWS OF VEILING  	"MODERN" WOMEN WHO HAVE A COLLEGE EDUCATION   	PROSTITUTES OR AT LEAST SHAMELESS WOMEN LOOKING FOR TROUBLE  	
#15,064 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST CHARACTERIZES THE ATTITUDES AND AMBITIONS OF SITA, DADI'S SECOND DAUGHTER-IN-LAW, TOWARDS THE JOINT FAMILY AND HER LIFE IN IT?  	2	SITA SEEMED TO HATE EVERYTHING AND EVERYONE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS FAMILY AND WAS ACTIVELY AND CONTINUALLY TRYING TO PERSUADE HER HUSBAND TO BREAK AWAY AND GO TO THE CITY 	SITA DISLIKED THE WORK OF FARMING BUT WAS WILLING TO PUT UP WITH IT UNTIL HER CHILDREN COULD GET THEIR EDUCATION; HER PRIMARY CONCERN WAS A BETTER LIFE FOR THE CHILDREN 	SITA WAS PROUD OF THE PROSPERITY OF THE LAND AND OF THE FAMILY AND WANTED HER CHILDREN TO GROW UP VALUING FARMING AND THE JOINT FAMILY AS MUCH AS SHE DID 	SITA SEEMED TO BE SUBMISSIVE AND ACQUIESCENT, A. MODEL WIFE AND DAUGHTER-IN-LAW, DOING WHATEVER WAS EXPECTED OF HER; SHE DIDN'T EXPRESS HER OWN FEELINGS 	   	
#15,101 Among the Yir Yoront of Australia ("Steel Axes..." article), stone axes   	5	were used only by elder men   	were used primarily for butchering game B  	were manufactured entirely out of local, easily available resources  	all of the above   	none of the above   	
#15,102 The Yir Yoront world view was based on a belief that    	2	the universe is populated by hostile spirit beings who are jealous of living humans  	the present and the future are, and should continue to be, a repeat of the mythical past  	all men are created equal   	the only constant in the universe is change   	individuals are responsible for their own destinies   	
#15,103 One consequence of the introduction of steel axes into Yir Yoront culture was that   	1	people spent more time sleeping A  	people could do more tasks much more efficiently than with the stone axes and thus significantly improved their standard of living 	elder men gained even more power and authority over others than they had had before  	Yir Yoront men gained a stronger bargaining position in their traditional trading relationships  	all of the above   	
#15,104 When steel axes became readily available to the Yir Yoront of Australia, which of the following groups of people were most immediately disturbed by the unforeseen consequences?  	3	The Yir Yoront women were upset because their husbands were unwilling to share the shiny new axes as generously as they had shared the traditional stone axes. 	The Yir Yoront shamans were upset because the steel axes didn't contain the magical power of the traditional stone axes.  	The Yir Yoront adult men were upset because women and young men no longer needed to borrow stone axes from them.  	The missionaries were upset because as soon as their new "converts" gained possession of the steel axes, they disappeared back into "the bush" and went back to their pagan ways 	The civil (government) authorities were upset because the number of killings among the Yir Yoront rose sharply once they had their new, more lethal, weapons 	
#15,105 The traditional stone axe of the Yir Yoront has what relevance to their religious beliefs?   	1	It is an important totem of one of the clans, whose members have exclusive right to use it in sacred rituals.  	It is a source of healing power that can only be released and used by specially trained shamans.  	It is the major magical weapon Yir Yoront sorcerers use in their spiritual battles with each other, or with sorcerers from other tribes. 	It is the one essential gift that must accompany a dead person's soul on its journey to the afterlife.  	None of the above.  The stone axe was regarded as essential in many practical food-getting activities; it had no particular association with Yir Yoront religious beliefs or practices 	
#15,106 In the article, "Steel Axes...," how did the introduction of steel axes alter daily or seasonal subsistence patterns for the Yir Yoront of Australia?  	5	Because there was more prestige to owning and using the steel axes, adult men took over many of the wood-chopping chores previously done by women. 	Because they could be so much more efficient in their daily subsistence tasks, they now had time and energy to devote to improving their surroundings and/or their skills in other areas. 	Because the steel axes were so highly valued, the trading activity with distant groups increased dramatically.  	Because the missionaries expected them to work at the mission in order to earn the axes, they had little time or energy to put into their own subsistence tasks. 	Because they used the steel axes in essentially the same ways that they used the stone axes, the only change in subsistence patterns was that they gained some extra time for sleeping. 	
#15,107 The Yir Yoront (of "Steel Axes...." article) believed which of the following basic premises about the universe to be true?   	4	Men are naturally and rightfully superior, dominant, and of more importance and value than women.  	There is no such thing as true equality in interpersonal relation- ships:  one person is always subordinate (or dominant) to another in any pair of people. 	The world is, and should remain, exactly as it was when the original ancestors shaped it and left it to their descendants.  	All of the above seem to have been major themes or premises running through traditional Yir Yoront culture. E 	   	
#16,000 How many points can you earn for perfect attendance in this class?    	2	50   	30   	20   	45   	12   	
#16,001 Attendence points will be worth approximately what percent of your final grade for the term?   	2	10%   	15%   	20%   	5%   	50%   	
#16,002 Each quiz for the term will have how many questions on it?    	5	20   	25   	15   	40   	10   	
#16,003 How does Ingrid spell her last name?    	3	Graeme   	Graham   	Gram   	Gramm   	Grahame   	
#16,004 What are Ingrid's regularily scheduled office hours this term?    	2	11:00 - 12:00 M-F   	1:00 - 2:30 M-F   	12:00 - 1:30 pm M,U,H,F   	9:00 - 10:30 am UH   	3:00 - 4:00 pm M-F   	
#16,005 The Appendix in your textbook contains which of the following kinds of information?   	5	brief definitions of all of the new Anthropology terms   	a brief history of the major events in the development of the discipline of Anthropology  	brief biographies of people who have done or are doing particularily significant research in the field  	a map of the world locating all of the cultures referred to in the text  	instructions on how to carry out a field work project of your own  	
#16,006 The glossary in your textbook contains which of the following kinds opf information?   	3	brief summaries of the main points in each chapter   	sample quizzes which students can use as "self-tests" on the material  	definitions of the anthropological terms used in the text   	page references for all the topics discussed in the text   	instructions on how to do a field research project of your own during the term  	
#16,007 If you got/get 100% on every quiz this term, you will have earned how many points towards your final grade?   	4	100 points   	150 points   	240 points   	110 points   	200 points   	
#16,008 According to tramp culture in Seattle, the phrase "taking a nose dive" refers to which of the following behaviors?   	3	ducking quickly down an alley to avoid being seen by a policeman  	curling up in a doorstep along an alley to sleep for the night  	participating in prayer sessions when staying at one of the missions  	agreeing to be the personb who actually goes and buys the bottle for a group of tramps to share  	stumbling and falling in the process of hopping a slow train  	
#16,009 "Folk terms" are to "analytical terms" as:    	3	tacit culture is to explicit culture.   	real culture is to ideal.   	insider's view is to outsider's view.   	manifest is to latent.   	   	
#16,010 How many times will you be able to take the quiz on the "Cocktail Waitress" on the computer?   	2	once   	twice   	three times   	five times   	none, there is only an essay quiz available for this book  	
#16,011 How many times will you be able to take each of the quizzes covering the main text on the computer?   	4	five times   	three times   	once   	twice   	until you get the grade you want   	
#16,012 In the tramp culture on Skid Row in Seattle, policemen are referred to by which term?   	5	"Officers"   	"Cops"   	"Policemen"   	"Pigs"   	"Bulls"   	
#16,013 "Jar talk" is a pattern of behavior observed among:    	2	the skid row tramps of Seattle.   	the Subanun of Mindanao (Philippines).   	the garbage collectors of an American town.   	the real regulars at Brady's.   	the pharmacists at an American drugstore.   	
#16,014 The term "skid row" originally referred to:    	4	railroad yards.   	snowy streets.   	ski runs.   	part of a logging operation.   	tire manufacturing areas.