1. Cognitive theories of personality emphasize   
4
the analysis of environmental stimuli and responses to the environment.   
emotional processes.   
the contribution that unconscious processes make to our self-concept.   
the process by which a person becomes aware of the world and responds to it.   
   

  2. George Kelly's theory of personality is seen as compatible with the recent emphasis in psychology on    
1
cognition.   
emotion.   
learning.   
unconscious forces.   
   

  3. Kelly suggests that we conceive of ourselves and other people as    
3
mechanical robots.   
artists.   
scientists.   
philosophers.   
   

  4. Kelly's theory is considered a cognitive theory because    
3
it recognizes the environment and genes to be the primary determinants of behavior.   
he made up the term constructive alternativism as a synonym for cognition.   
it suggests that behavior is influenced by one's attitudes, expectations, and beliefs.   
it suggests that people respond passively to stimuli in their environment.   
   

  5. Kelly's theory of personality is based on the philosophical position of    
4
empirical behaviorism.   
rational subjectivism.   
existentialism.   
constructive alternativism.   
   

  6. A patient reports that he was turned down when he asked a co-worker to go out on a date.  According to Kelly, it is important to explore    
2
his motive in asking her out.   
what her turning him down means to him.   
her motives in turning him down.   
whether his reasoning about her turning him down is logical.   
   

  7. Constructive alternativism maintains that any event    
3
can be reduced to a common denominator.   
has an underlying ultimate meaning.   
is open to a variety of interpretations.   
can overwhelmingly influence the personality.   
   

  8. According to Kelly, the primary impetus of behavior lies in the    
3
past.   
present.   
future.   
environment.   
   

9. Probably the most important word in Kelly's fundamental postulate is    
3
psychologically.   
processes.   
anticipates.   
channelized.   
   

 10. The individuality corollary implies that    
1
no two people interpret events in the same way.   
no two people are genetically alike.   
it is difficult to communicate our personal constructs.   
few of our constructs are shared by others.   
   

 11. The dichotomy construct implies that black has no meaning without ________ and dark has no meaning without ________.    
4
blue; gray   
box; room   
shadow; curtains   
white; light   
   

 12. Which of Kelly's corollaries implies that constructs can be altered?    
3
Choice   
Construction   
Modulation   
Organization   
   

 13. According to the choice construct,     
3
one's constructs are largely determined by what one has been taught by others.   
one's choice of constructs is dictated by one's social role.   
people are free and able to choose constructs among alternatives.   
adults should not vary from their choice of constructs.   
   

 14. To say that constructs are impermeable is to say that they are     
1
fixed and rigid.   
fragmented.   
narrowly conceived.   
open to change and alteration.   
   

 15. Kelly's theory implies that if Arthur calls Jeff a "snob," it follows that    
4
Arthur will now feel guilty and alter his construct of Jeff.   
Jeff holds the same opinion of Arthur.   
Jeff and Arthur probably share similar constructs.   
snobbishness and friendliness are a dimension in Arthur's constructs.   
   

 16. The corollary that equates similarity in constructs to similarity in psychological processes is called the ________ corollary.    
2
sociability   
communality   
dichotomy   
fragmentation   
   

17. Which of Kelly's corollaries explains why people sometimes employ constructs that are incompatible with each other?    
4
Experience   
Choice   
Organization   
Fragmentation   
   

 18. Fragmentation is likely to occur when one's constructs are    
2
incorporated or copied from other people.   
either impermeable and concrete or undergoing change.   
easily penetrated by any new experiences.   
broadly applied to new experiences of the person.   
   

 19. According to Kelly, the self-construct is based primarily on    
3
other people's expectations of us.   
our drives and needs.   
a perception of pattern in our own behavior.   
an idealized concept of self.   
   

 20. According to Kelly, the term role refers to    
4
the therapist's conception of his or her client.   
our drives and needs.   
a set of behavioral expectations set forth by society.   
one's behavior based on his or her construct of others' behavior.   
   

 21. Kelly referred to his theory as a "jackass" theory because    
1
it emphasizes forces within the organism.   
it accounts for behavior in terms of outside forces.   
people, like jackasses, need to be prodded to act.   
it looks at the nature of the organism itself.   
   

 22. Kelly suggested that emotions arise when constructs are    
1
in a state of change.   
repressed.   
undergoing validation.   
verbalized.   
   

 23. In Kelly's system, anxiety occurs when    
1
events lie beyond one's construction system.   
past experiences come back to haunt us.   
our constructs anticipate the future.   
we are confronted by changes.   
   

 24. In Kelly's theory, guilt occurs when we    
3
force other people to fit into our current constructs.   
actively elaborate our perceptual field.   
behave in a way that violates our core role structure.   
can no longer understand ourselves in terms of past experiences.   
   

 25. According to Kelly, which of the following people is most likely to experience guilt?    
3
A dependent wife who dents the bumper on the family car   
An elderly woman who forgets to call her friend   
An overprotective mother sending her child to sleep-away camp   
A rebelling teen who stays out all night without calling his or her parents   
   

26. Kelly uses the term aggression in the way most of us use the term    
3
resistance.   
anger.   
assertiveness.   
hostility.   
   

 27. In assessing students who came to him, Kelly primarily used    
1
the interview.   
questionnaires.   
the analysis of early memories.   
dream interpretation.   
   

 28. What does the REP Test do?    
2
It reveals one's discarded constructs.   
It reveals one's personal constructs and their complexity.   
It reveals those constructs that are dominated by unconscious complexes.   
It reveals the constructs of the individual's significant others.   
   

 29. An individual who takes the REP Test is asked to    
2
act out how he or she would behave under certain circumstances.   
compare and contrast important persons in his or her life.   
make a list of his most important constructs.   
complete an extensive questionnaire about the different roles he or she plays.   
   

 30. Research related to the REP Test has focused on ________, the ability to perceive differences in the way in which one construes other people.    
3
role playing   
constructive alternativism   
cognitive complexity   
modulation   
   

 31. An individual who is high in cognitive complexity    
1
is better able to predict what others will do and how to relate to them.   
is usually more creative and intelligent than the average person.   
tends to be high in emotional complexity as well.   
will also have unusually complicated personal constructs.   
   

 32. Which of the following constructs is higher in cognitive complexity?    
3
"My brother and mother both have dark hair, but my sister is a light brunette."   
"My brother and sister live in Minnesota, but my mother lives in North Carolina."   
"My brother and mother are impatient and short-tempered, but my sister is very mellow."     
"My brother and mother are good cooks, but my sister doesn't know how to turn on the oven."   
   

 33. Kelly's contribution to therapeutic methodology was    
2
free imagination.   
role-playing and role reversal.   
systematic desensitization.   
a new method of dream interpretation.   
   

34. In order to increase his clients' awareness of alternative constructs that they might adopt, Kelly used the technique of    
4
elaborating the complaint.   
elaborating the construct system.   
psychodrama.   
fixed-role therapy.   
   

 35. In employing fixed-role therapy, it is important that the role be    
3
very similar to the client's normal role.   
spontaneous and unrehearsed.   
realistic and not too threatening.   
a radical departure.