1. Dr. Joseph Breuer, a forerunner in the development of psychoanalysis, treated Anna O. by    
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forcing her to admit that she was feigning the illness.   
discovering the physiological basis of her problem.   
asking her to verbalize associations under hypnosis.   
preventing the development of a catharsis.   
   

  2. Freud discovered that although a patient consciously wanted to remember events, the process of ________ prevented the patient from becoming aware of them and kept the memories in the unconscious.    
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fixation   
sublimation   
resistance   
catharsis   
   

  3. Freud suggested that destructive or socially unacceptable wishes are repressed because they    
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are incompatible with the Oedipal stage.   
are in conflict with one's self-image.   
would otherwise find an outlet in hysterical symptoms.   
are in opposition to the iD.   
   

  4. In free association, the patient is directed to    
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employ logical thought processes.   
verbalize whatever comes to minD.   
employ aesthetic considerations.   
verbalize socially acceptable thoughts.   
   

  5. Free association is based on the premise that    
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the associations are accidental and insignificant.   
the associations allude to the original problem.   
mental life is free and undetermineD.   
the patient will talk directly about the problem.   
   

  6. Freud believed that slips of the tongue    
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stand in the way of recovery.   
are meaningless.   
are the result of physiological causes.   
have more than one determining factor.   
   

  7. The dream we remember in the morning is known as the ________ dream, whereas its underlying meaning is referred to as the ________ dream.    
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manifest; latent   
primary; secondary   
latent; manifest   
secondary; primary   
   

  8. Anxiety dreams are caused by    
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an unsuccessful dream disguise.   
identical manifest and latent contents.   
the repression of a conscious forbidden wish.   
neurosis.     
   

  9. According to Freud, the nature of our repressed wishes is    
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manifest.   
erotiC.   
trivial.   
immoral.   
   

 10. What does the term libido refer to?    
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Repressed aggressive impulses   
The energy derived from the sex drive   
The physical component of sexuality   
The term for "sexual intercourse" in German   
   

 11. Which of the following would appropriately fit the definition of drive in Freud's theory?    
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The envy Lena feels when she looks at Sally's car   
The lust Dennis feels on his wedding night   
The sadness Glenda felt when she lost her dog   
The headache Ron got from straining his vision   
   

 12. Freud believed that the primary purpose of sexuality is    
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to accommodate latent aggression.   
to facilitate interpersonal relations.   
to seek pleasure and reduce tension.   
reproduction.   
   

 13. What did Freud suggest concerning children and sexual activity?    
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That their sexual activity was similar to that of adults   
That children are incapable of sexual feelings   
That the child's sexual activity is essentially autoerotic   
That children's sexual behavior should be severely restricted   
   

 14. The Oedipal conflict is resolved through the mechanism of    
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denial.   
identification.   
rationalization.   
sublimation.   
   

 15. Psychic forces develop that inhibit the sexual drive and narrow its direction during which period of development?    
1
Latency   
Phallic   
Anal   
Oral   
   

 16. Adult behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and gossiping are ascribed to fixation at which stage of development?    
1
Oral   
Anal   
Phallic   
Genital   
   

 17. Prototypes of sadistic and masochistic forms of behavior are present during which stage of psychosexual development?    
1
Anal   
Genital   
Oral   
Phallic   
   

 18. The structure of personality that represents our basic drives, needs, and wishes is called the     
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ego.   
id.   
unconscious.   
superego.   
   

 19. Ego is to id as ________ is to _________.    
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life instinct; death instinct   
sexuality; morality   
reality principle; pleasure principle   
unconscious; conscious   
   

 20. The ________ employs primary processes, whereas the ________ employs secondary processes.    
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ego; id   
id; ego   
superego; ego   
ego; superego   
   

 21. The capacity for self-evaluation, criticism, and reproach is referred to as the    
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superego.   
id.   
ego-ideal.   
conscience.   
   

 22. Which part of the personality is in charge in the well-adjusted adult personality?    
1
Ego   
Superego   
Ego-ideal   
Id   
   

 23. In Freud's theory, the ego may be described as    
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"the beast within."   
the most primitive part of the personality.   
"a rider trying to control a wild horse."   
what we understand to be our parents' moral judgment.   
   

 24. The ego develops defense mechanisms in order for the individual to cope with    
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the superego.   
reaction formation.   
unconscious processes.   
anxiety.   
   

 25. What is one thing that all defense mechanisms have in common?    
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They are difficult to observe in preschool-age children.   
They are always maladaptive.   
They always occur on a conscious level.   
They keep threatening impulses from becoming conscious.     
   

 26. Many people who indulge in substance abuse believe that what happens to other people will not happen to them.  This is the defense mechanism of     
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denial.   
displacement.   
reaction formation.   
projection.   
   

 27. Parents who resent their children and consequently become overprotective of them are using which of the following defense mechanisms?    
2
Projection   
Reaction formation   
Rationalization   
Sublimation   
   

 28. John is angry that his boss passed him over for promotion.  Instead of telling his boss how he feels, he yells at his wife and child when he gets home.  This is an example of which defense mechanism?    
2
Sublimation   
Displacement   
Reaction formation   
Projection   
   

 29. Which defense mechanism did Freud believe was crucial to the development of culture and civilization?    
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Rationalization   
Reaction formation   
Identification   
Sublimation   
   

 30. When a patient in psychoanalysis re-experiences emotions and conflicts from his or her past but focuses these feelings on the therapist, he or she is said to be experiencing    
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transference.   
identification.   
free association.   
catharsis.   
   

 31. Which of the following Freudian ideas has been most consistent with research findings?    
1
The oral and anal personality types   
The defense mechanism of repression   
The idea that people protect themselves by projecting their own undesirable traits on others   
The idea that mental disturbance results from conflicting sexual or aggressive wishes   
   

 32. What is the result of the efforts undertaken to define Freud's concepts operationally?    
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Almost none of the concepts have been supported by research.   
Almost the entire theory has now been validateD.   
Only his views on the psychology of females have been affirmed, so far.   
Researchers have oversimplified or distorted many of the concepts.   
   

 33. Freud has recently been criticized for    
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the failure of his clinical data to support his theory.   
relying too much on projective tests.   
underestimating the importance of biology in the development of the personality.   
failing to discern people's great capacity to aggress.   
   

 34. Freud considered his theory to function as    
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philosophy.   
sociology.   
science.   
art.   
   

 35. Some of Freud's statements function as philosophy because    
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they are concerned with empirical datA.   
they are based on the subjective technique of free association.   
they are based on controlled laboratory findings.   
there is no phenomenon that could disprove them.