1. Adler chose the term ________ for his conception of personality because he was interested in investigating the uniqueness of the person.
A.  social psychology
B.  individual psychology
C.  analytic psychology
D.  psychoanalysis
E. 
Answer: 
  2. Adler's theory marks a shift from a stress on ________ phenomena to an emphasis on ________ aspects.
A.  intrapsychic; interpsychic
B.  mental; physical
C.  social; sexual
D.  unique; universal
E. 
Answer: 
  3. Adler referred to the urge in human nature to adapt oneself to the conditions of the social environment by the term
A.  goal of superiority.
B.  compensation.
C.  social interest.
D.  finalism.
E. 
Answer: 
  4. According to Adler, social interest is expressed
A.  only in a constructive fashion.
B.  automatically.
C.  only if it is nurtured.
D.  on a subconscious level.
E. 
Answer: 
  5. When Adler said, "The psychic life of man is determined by his goal," he was expressing a ________ viewpoint.
A.  deterministic
B.  mechanistic
C.  pessimistic
D.  teleological
E. 
Answer: 
  6. Adler suggested that many of our beliefs are fictional finalisms because they
A.  prevent us from realizing our goals.
B.  are usually unrealistic.
C.  are concerned with instinctual satisfactions.
D.  cannot be tested empirically.
E. 
Answer: 
  7. Fictional finalisms are best considered as
A.  erroneous belief systems.
B.  philosophical assumptions.
C.  scientific hypotheses.
D.  empirical generalizations.
E. 
Answer: 
  8. In his early theorizing, Adler believed that humans' primary motivating force was
A.  drive reduction.
B.  equilibrium.
C.  aggression.
D.  sexuality.
E. 
Answer: 
  9. Adler's final concept of the essential dynamic of human nature was its
A.  will to power.
B.  striving for a superior society.
C.  masculine protest.
D.  aggressive dimension.
E. 
Answer: 
 10. According to Adler, life is motivated by the need to
A.  reduce tension produced by unconscious forces.
B.  feel superior to everyone else.
C.  move up from a position of inferiority.
D.  restore equilibrium to the personality structure.
E. 
Answer: 
 11. What is the origin of inferiority feelings?
A.  They are genetically determined and are therefore innate.
B.  They are culturally determined and exclusive to females.
C.  They have their origin in neurosis.
D.  They result from an infant's interaction with his environment.
E. 
Answer: 
 12. In his later writings, Adler's attitude toward women changed.  He came to believe that
A.  femininity was synonymous with inferiority.
B.  women employed the masculine protest to better their position in society.
C.  inferiority feelings were found in both sexes.
D.  women were much less likely than men to exhibit feelings of inferiority.
E. 
Answer: 
 13. Each individual seeks to cope with the environment and develop superiority in a unique way.  This describes Adler's concept of
A.  style of life.
B.  overcompensation.
C.  constellation.
D.  will to power.
E. 
Answer: 
 14. Adler suggested that the style of life is pretty well established by
A.  adulthood.
B.  the age of two.
C.  the age of five.
D.  adolescence.
E. 
Answer: 
 15. The term family constellation refers to
A.  the astrological signs of the family members.
B.  the drawing power that a family has to attract new acquaintances.
C.  one's position within the family birth order.
D.  the emotional climate of the family.
E. 
Answer: 
 16. Adler believed that older children tend to be ________, whereas lastborn children tend to be ________.
A.  concerned with power; sociable
B.  competitive; concerned with sexuality
C.  sociable; concerned with power
D.  concerned with sexuality; competitive
E. 
Answer: 
 17. What characteristic did Adler attribute to only children?
A.  They are more apt to be spoiled.
B.  They tend to be immature.
C.  They are much shyer than other children are.  
D.  They prefer the company of their peers to that of adults.
E. 
Answer: 
 18. Lee is ambitious and competitive and has a recurring dream of running to catch a train.  In Adler's birth-order theory, Lee would be a typical
A.  only child.
B.  firstborn.
C.  second child.
D.  lastborn.
E. 
Answer: 
 19. To describe the quality of emotional relationships in a family, Adler used the term
A.  family environment.
B.  family style.
C.  family atmosphere.
D.  family constellation.
E. 
Answer: 
 20. In Adler's theory, the goals of the individual are established, maintained, and pursued by the
A.  creative self.
B.  unconscious.
C.  ego.
D.  superego.
E. 
Answer: 
 21. The essential idea behind the creative self is that humans construct their own personalities from ________ and ________.
A.  feelings; thoughts
B.  heredity; experience
C.  self-evaluations; others' evaluations of the self
D.  conscious elements; unconscious elements
E. 
Answer: 
 22. In the concept of the creative self, Adler reestablished
A.  consciousness as the center of the personality.
B.  the potency of unconscious forces.
C.  the primacy of determinism.
D.  the conflict inherent in human nature.
E. 
Answer: 
 23. Freud's biggest bone of contention with Adler was that Adler
A.  overemphasized the role of sexuality.
B.  minimized the potency of unconscious forces.
C.  considered birth order to be important.
D.  held an early feminist position.
E. 
Answer: 
 24. Adler's concept of the creative self suggests that he thought of unconscious forces as
A.  nonexistent.
B.  temporary unawareness.
C.  primarily in control of behavior.
D.  shared and collective.
E. 
Answer: 
 25. According to Adler, neuroses entail
A.  unrealistic life goals and inappropriate life-styles.
B.  imbalance among different elements of the psyche.
C.  conflict between the id, ego, and superego.
D.  repressed sexual and aggressive impulses.
E. 
Answer: 
 26. Which of the following illustrates overcompensation?
A.  A girl who is too shy to act in the school play volunteers to work on set design.
B.  A young man who was a weakling as a child develops his muscles using a rigorous exercise routine.
C.  A child with a reading disability is brought up to grade level by an inspiring, hard-working teacher.
D.  A hard-of-hearing senior stops socializing and instead stays home and listens to the radio at full volume.
E. 
Answer: 
 27. In Adlerian terms, an individual who exaggerates his or her own importance may be suffering from a(n) ________ complex.
A.  superiority
B.  overcompensation
C.  masculine
D.  inferiority
E. 
Answer: 
 28. The fact that Adler overcame many earlier problems in his life would be explained by his theory in terms of
A.  sublimation.
B.  repression.
C.  compensation.
D.  reaction formation.
E. 
Answer: 
 29. An important goal of Adler's psychotherapy was to
A.  get in touch with repressed sexual feelings.
B.  overcompensate for weaknesses.
C.  work toward realistic life goals.
D.  rework unsatisfactory childhood experiences.
E. 
Answer: 
 30. Adler placed a great deal of emphasis on the value of
A.  education and child rearing.
B.  recent memories.
C.  word associations.
D.  archetypal patterns.
E. 
Answer: 
 31. In his list of "three entrance gates to mental life," Adler included birth order, dreams, and 
A.  sexual history.
B.  medical history.
C.  early memories.
D.  social history.
E. 
Answer: 
 32. In Adler's theory, dreams
A.  can give us insight into our style of life.
B.  are oriented toward the past.
C.  serve to fulfill unconscious sexual wishes.
D.  are maladaptive.
E. 
Answer: 
 33. To the criteria for judging philosophical assumptions, Adler added
A.  coherence.
B.  usefulness.
C.  compellingness.
D.  comprehensiveness.
E. 
Answer: 
34. Adler's theory is identified with ________, whereas Freud's theory is identified with ________.
A.  causality; finalism
B.  free will; determinism
C.  nativism; radical environmentalism
D.  teleology; mechanism
E. 
Answer: