1. Dr. Joseph Breuer, a forerunner in the development of psychoanalysis, treated Anna O. by
A.  forcing her to admit that she was feigning the illness.
B.  discovering the physiological basis of her problem.
C.  asking her to verbalize associations under hypnosis.
D.  preventing the development of a catharsis.
E. 
Answer: 
  2. Freud discovered that although a patient consciously wanted to remember events, the process of ________ prevented the patient from becoming aware of them and kept the memories in the unconscious.
A.  fixation
B.  sublimation
C.  resistance
D.  catharsis
E. 
Answer: 
  3. Freud suggested that destructive or socially unacceptable wishes are repressed because they
A.  are incompatible with the Oedipal stage.
B.  are in conflict with one's self-image.
C.  would otherwise find an outlet in hysterical symptoms.
D.  are in opposition to the iD.
E. 
Answer: 
  4. In free association, the patient is directed to
A.  employ logical thought processes.
B.  verbalize whatever comes to minD.
C.  employ aesthetic considerations.
D.  verbalize socially acceptable thoughts.
E. 
Answer: 
  5. Free association is based on the premise that
A.  the associations are accidental and insignificant.
B.  the associations allude to the original problem.
C.  mental life is free and undetermineD.
D.  the patient will talk directly about the problem.
E. 
Answer: 
  6. Freud believed that slips of the tongue
A.  stand in the way of recovery.
B.  are meaningless.
C.  are the result of physiological causes.
D.  have more than one determining factor.
E. 
Answer: 
  7. The dream we remember in the morning is known as the ________ dream, whereas its underlying meaning is referred to as the ________ dream.
A.  manifest; latent
B.  primary; secondary
C.  latent; manifest
D.  secondary; primary
E. 
Answer: 
  8. Anxiety dreams are caused by
A.  an unsuccessful dream disguise.
B.  identical manifest and latent contents.
C.  the repression of a conscious forbidden wish.
D.  neurosis.  
E. 
Answer: 
  9. According to Freud, the nature of our repressed wishes is
A.  manifest.
B.  erotiC.
C.  trivial.
D.  immoral.
E. 
Answer: 
 10. What does the term libido refer to?
A.  Repressed aggressive impulses
B.  The energy derived from the sex drive
C.  The physical component of sexuality
D.  The term for "sexual intercourse" in German
E. 
Answer: 
 11. Which of the following would appropriately fit the definition of drive in Freud's theory?
A.  The envy Lena feels when she looks at Sally's car
B.  The lust Dennis feels on his wedding night
C.  The sadness Glenda felt when she lost her dog
D.  The headache Ron got from straining his vision
E. 
Answer: 
 12. Freud believed that the primary purpose of sexuality is
A.  to accommodate latent aggression.
B.  to facilitate interpersonal relations.
C.  to seek pleasure and reduce tension.
D.  reproduction.
E. 
Answer: 
 13. What did Freud suggest concerning children and sexual activity?
A.  That their sexual activity was similar to that of adults
B.  That children are incapable of sexual feelings
C.  That the child's sexual activity is essentially autoerotic
D.  That children's sexual behavior should be severely restricted
E. 
Answer: 
 14. The Oedipal conflict is resolved through the mechanism of
A.  denial.
B.  identification.
C.  rationalization.
D.  sublimation.
E. 
Answer: 
 15. Psychic forces develop that inhibit the sexual drive and narrow its direction during which period of development?
A.  Latency
B.  Phallic
C.  Anal
D.  Oral
E. 
Answer: 
 16. Adult behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and gossiping are ascribed to fixation at which stage of development?
A.  Oral
B.  Anal
C.  Phallic
D.  Genital
E. 
Answer: 
 17. Prototypes of sadistic and masochistic forms of behavior are present during which stage of psychosexual development?
A.  Anal
B.  Genital
C.  Oral
D.  Phallic
E. 
Answer: 
 18. The structure of personality that represents our basic drives, needs, and wishes is called the 
A.  ego.
B.  id.
C.  unconscious.
D.  superego.
E. 
Answer: 
 19. Ego is to id as ________ is to _________.
A.  life instinct; death instinct
B.  sexuality; morality
C.  reality principle; pleasure principle
D.  unconscious; conscious
E. 
Answer: 
 20. The ________ employs primary processes, whereas the ________ employs secondary processes.
A.  ego; id
B.  id; ego
C.  superego; ego
D.  ego; superego
E. 
Answer: 
 21. The capacity for self-evaluation, criticism, and reproach is referred to as the
A.  superego.
B.  id.
C.  ego-ideal.
D.  conscience.
E. 
Answer: 
 22. Which part of the personality is in charge in the well-adjusted adult personality?
A.  Ego
B.  Superego
C.  Ego-ideal
D.  Id
E. 
Answer: 
 23. In Freud's theory, the ego may be described as
A.  "the beast within."
B.  the most primitive part of the personality.
C.  "a rider trying to control a wild horse."
D.  what we understand to be our parents' moral judgment.
E. 
Answer: 
 24. The ego develops defense mechanisms in order for the individual to cope with
A.  the superego.
B.  reaction formation.
C.  unconscious processes.
D.  anxiety.
E. 
Answer: 
 25. What is one thing that all defense mechanisms have in common?
A.  They are difficult to observe in preschool-age children.
B.  They are always maladaptive.
C.  They always occur on a conscious level.
D.  They keep threatening impulses from becoming conscious.  
E. 
Answer: 
 26. Many people who indulge in substance abuse believe that what happens to other people will not happen to them.  This is the defense mechanism of 
A.  denial.
B.  displacement.
C.  reaction formation.
D.  projection.
E. 
Answer: 
 27. Parents who resent their children and consequently become overprotective of them are using which of the following defense mechanisms?
A.  Projection
B.  Reaction formation
C.  Rationalization
D.  Sublimation
E. 
Answer: 
 28. John is angry that his boss passed him over for promotion.  Instead of telling his boss how he feels, he yells at his wife and child when he gets home.  This is an example of which defense mechanism?
A.  Sublimation
B.  Displacement
C.  Reaction formation
D.  Projection
E. 
Answer: 
 29. Which defense mechanism did Freud believe was crucial to the development of culture and civilization?
A.  Rationalization
B.  Reaction formation
C.  Identification
D.  Sublimation
E. 
Answer: 
 30. When a patient in psychoanalysis re-experiences emotions and conflicts from his or her past but focuses these feelings on the therapist, he or she is said to be experiencing
A.  transference.
B.  identification.
C.  free association.
D.  catharsis.
E. 
Answer: 
 31. Which of the following Freudian ideas has been most consistent with research findings?
A.  The oral and anal personality types
B.  The defense mechanism of repression
C.  The idea that people protect themselves by projecting their own undesirable traits on others
D.  The idea that mental disturbance results from conflicting sexual or aggressive wishes
E. 
Answer: 
 32. What is the result of the efforts undertaken to define Freud's concepts operationally?
A.  Almost none of the concepts have been supported by research.
B.  Almost the entire theory has now been validateD.
C.  Only his views on the psychology of females have been affirmed, so far.
D.  Researchers have oversimplified or distorted many of the concepts.
E. 
Answer: 
 33. Freud has recently been criticized for
A.  the failure of his clinical data to support his theory.
B.  relying too much on projective tests.
C.  underestimating the importance of biology in the development of the personality.
D.  failing to discern people's great capacity to aggress.
E. 
Answer: 
 34. Freud considered his theory to function as
A.  philosophy.
B.  sociology.
C.  science.
D.  art.
E. 
Answer: 
 35. Some of Freud's statements function as philosophy because
A.  they are concerned with empirical datA.
B.  they are based on the subjective technique of free association.
C.  they are based on controlled laboratory findings.
D.  there is no phenomenon that could disprove them.
E. 
Answer: