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MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST ITEMS

  1. Two major trends that Rollo May's work brings together are

a.  psychoanalysis and existentialism.
b.  existentialism and cognitive theory.
c.  learning theory and psychoanalysis.
d.  learning theory and cognitive theory.

  2. Existentialism and psychoanalysis are alike in that both

a.  originated in the same era.
b.  take a teleological perspective.
c.  try to understand anxiety, despair, and alienation.
d.  emphasize the ontological state of human beings.

  3. What does the existential approach in psychology focus on?

a.  Understanding human beings in terms of forces, drives, and conditioned reflexes
b.  The human being as he or she is emerging and becoming
c.  The unchanging principles and laws that govern human existence
d.  The essence of being human

  4. Which of the following would be the closest to the posture of an existentialist?

a.  The jockey who is riding the horse in a race
b.  The horse's owner
c.  The judge who decides which horse came in first
d.  The spectators in the stands

  5. According to an existentialist, knowledge is first of the ________, then of the ________.

a.  external world; self
b.  unconscious; conscious
c.  planning; doing
d.  irrational; rational

  6. May believes that psychologists' concern with lawfulness and predictability

a.  may stand in their way of understanding the real person.
b.  is their greatest contribution to understanding human nature.
c.  is also shared by psychoanalysts.
d.  was neglected by the behaviorist movement.

  7. Which statement best describes the existentialist attitude toward empiricism?

a.  Existentialism suggests that we need to simplify complex empirical data.
b.  Existentialism criticizes contemporary psychology for being too empirical.
c.  Existentialism seeks to be less empirical by first developing an abstract concept of what it means to be human.
d.  Existentialism seeks to be more empirical by looking at the whole human being.

  8. Existentialists believe that knowledge is not only objective and subjective, it is also

a.  constructive.
b.  hierarchical.
c.  interpersonal.
d.  personal.



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  9. May believes that the central problem we face in the second half of the twentieth century is

a.  the increasing world population.
b.  a pervasive feeling of powerlessness.
c.  repressed sexuality.
d.  environmental pollution.

 10. May believes that our current feeling of powerlessness

a.  will eventually be eliminated by technological improvements.
b.  can be blamed on feminism and the sexual revolution.
c.  is exemplified in the impotence we feel when facing the threat of nuclear war.
d.  can really be traced back to one hundred years earlier.

 11. May believes that the concept of stress

a.  does not adequately describe anxiety.
b.  should be used in lieu of the term anxiety.
c.  is distinctly bound to consciousness and subjectivity.
d.  is useful insofar as it is directly quantifiable.

 12. In his definition of anxiety, May suggests that anxiety

a.  is the same thing as stress.
b.  sharply delineates the distinction between self and object.
c.  enhances the security base of an activity.
d.  is an ontological characteristic of being human.

 13. According to May, what is the reason for the intensification of anxiety in contemporary times?

a.  Alienation and isolation
b.  Hypercompetitiveness
c.  Economic uncertainty
d.  The globalization of society

 14. According to May, the source of our current problem lies in

a.  our denial of the value of individual competition.
b.  the loss of the center of values of society.
c.  our inability to empathize with others.
d.  our emphasis on global cooperation.

 15. May states that we need to adopt which kind of values?

a.  New
b.  Old-fashioned
c.  Religious
d.  Technological

 16. May believes that the unique mark of a human being is

a.  rationality.
b.  the ability to love.
c.  consciousness of self.
d.  creativity.



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 17. Which of the following is an ontological assumption that May makes about human beings?

a.  Human beings should avoid situations that involve taking risks.
b.  Human beings can participate in a level of self-consciousness that permits them to transcend the immediate situation.
c.  Human beings do not need to go out from their centeredness in order to participate with other people.
d.  Human beings are self-centered and, consequently, have little need for others.

 18. According to May, the unconscious experience can be explained in terms of

a.  actualized experiences.
b.  ontological concerns.
c.  self-deceptions.
d.  repressed sexual impulses.

 19. According to May, the main question in the Oedipal drama is

a.  why Oedipus was exiled as a baby.
b.  whether Oedipus will recognize what he has done.
c.  whether Oedipus will be punished.
d.  why Oedipus murdered his father.

 20. Which statement accurately describes May's attitude toward feelings?

a.  May encourages us to ascribe feelings to machines and computers.
b.  May believes most of us have a clear idea of our feelings.
c.  May points out that being aware of our desires implies acting on them.
d.  May sees a need for us to rediscover our feelings.

 21. The state of consciousness of self that involves being able to learn from one's mistakes and live responsibly is

a.  creative consciousness of self.
b.  ordinary consciousness of self.
c.  the stage of rebellion.
d.  the stage of innocence.

 22. Which of May's four states of consciousness of self is analogous to Maslow's peak experience?

a.  Creative consciousness of self
b.  Ordinary consciousness of self
c.  The Stage of rebellion
d.  The stage of innocence

 23. In his existential analysis of personality, May seeks to dissolve the traditional dualism of ________ and ________ that has pervaded Western thought since Descartes.

a.  science; philosophy
b.  object; subject
c.  war; peace
d.  I; thou

 24. How is May's concept of the daimonic similar to Jung's concept of the shadow?

a.  Both need to be integrated into the self.
b.  Both represent the dark side of man that needs to be repressed.
c.  Both begin in consciousness and end up being unconscious.
d.  Both represent benign urges.



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 25. May's view of the negative effect of television viewing differs from Bandura's view in that May feels that television viewing

a.  is only bad when it demands action from its viewers.
b.  can also have a healthy, calming effect on people.
c.  sometimes promotes emulation of good role models.
d.  cultivates feelings of impotence that may lead to violence.

 26. Why does May believe that love has become a problem in today's society?

a.  Because people feel guilty about having sex
b.  Because sex and Eros have become one
c.  Because we have sex without relating to one another
d.  Because the sexual revolution has brought happiness without love

 27. May places the problem of determination and freedom on a deeper level by introducing the concept of

a.  love.
b.  intentionality.
c.  the daimonic.
d.  power.

 28. May thinks that Freud's concept of "determinism" is useful in discussing

a.  inanimate objects.
b.  neurotics.
c.  only male patients.
d.  any human being.

 29. May points out that in order for us to come to terms with the problem of freedom we must

a.  also come to terms with our destiny.
b.  recognize that nothing is fixed.
c.  concur with Skinner's denial of freedom.
d.  accept a deterministic stance.

 30. Which myth of patriarchal society and power has dominated the West?

a.  Peer Gynt
b.  Horatio Alger
c.  Faust
d.  Oedipus

 31. May wants to develop new myths that are characterized by

a.  equality between men and women.
b.  hyperindividualism.
c.  patriotism and the new nationalism.
d.  women seen in the context of their relationships with men.

 32. May believes that the central task of the psychotherapist is to

a.  understand the patient's mode of being.
b.  penetrate the patient's defenses.
c.  moderate the administration of drugs.
d.  develop more effective techniques to strengthen the ego.

 33. May criticizes contemporary psychological research for

a.  emphasizing theory at the expense of data and numbers.
b.  ignoring the role of cognition in human personality.
c.  being overimpressed with statistics at the expense of theory.
d.  emphasizing the aspects of the human personality that overlap with animals.



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 34. Which of the following changes does May urge in psychological research on personality?

a.  More rigorous scientific studies
b.  More investigations into the positive aspects of human nature
c.  More emphasis on ontological questions of what it means to be
d.  More emphasis on causation

 35. In the development of a personality theory, May believes that one should start from the point of view of a(n)

a.  artist.
b.  empiricist.
c.  philosopher.
d.  scientist.

















































    (c) 1999 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.



                                                                                  PAGE 1  

ANSWER KEY FOR TEST - CHAPT14

MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST ITEMS

  1. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  1

  2. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  2

  3. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  3

  4. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  4

  5. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  5

  6. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  6

  7. d
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  7

  8. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  8

  9. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION:  9

 10. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 10

 11. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 11

 12. d
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 12

 13. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 13

 14. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 14

 15. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 15

 16. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 16

 17. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 17

 18. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 18

 19. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 19

 20. d
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 20



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 21. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 21

 22. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 22

 23. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 23

 24. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 24

 25. d
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 25

 26. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 26

 27. b
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 27

 28. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 28

 29. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 29

 30. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 30

 31. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 31

 32. a
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 32

 33. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 33

 34. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 34

 35. c
                                    Chapter:14      QUESTION: 35



















    (c) 1999 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.