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MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST ITEMS

  1. The first person to coin the term humanistic psychology in 1930 was

a.  Gordon Allport.
b.  Henry Murray.
c.  Carl Rogers.
d.  Abraham Maslow.

  2. Allport's definition of personality reads as follows: "Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those ________ that determine his characteristic behavior and thought."

a.  intrapsychic phenomena
b.  collective archetypes
c.  psychophysical systems
d.  response hierarchies

  3. Allport refers to the concept of personality as a hypothetical construct because

a.  it is an imaginary concept.
b.  we cannot observe it directly at the present time.
c.  it will never be verifiable.
d.  its existence is irrelevant.

  4. In discontinuity theories, growth

a.  represents an accumulation of skills, habits, and discrimination.
b.  represents an increase of inputs into the organism.
c.  is manifested by radical changes in the structure of personality.
d.  is merely quantitative in nature.

  5. In Allport's theory, the term "personal disposition" has replaced the term 

a.  common attitude.
b.  common trait.
c.  individual habit.
d.  individual trait.

  6. Which aspects of personality do common traits refer to in Allport's theory?

a.  Those that are unique to each person
b.  Those that allow comparison of individuals within a culture
c.  Those that cannot be measured statistically
d.  Those that are universal

  7. Allport suggests that the construct of personal disposition is necessary to 

a.  demonstrate that many traits are shared.
b.  express the unique individuality of each person.
c.  permit us to make comparisons between individuals.
d.  allow for statistical measurements and procedures.

  8. Which of the following describes the individual's cardinal disposition(s)?

a.  Sherlock Holmes was stubborn, persistent, disorganized, arrogant, and a misogynist.
b.  Thomas Jefferson was a man of many talents.
c.  King Solomon was known for his wisdom.
d.  The tough boxer was gentle when he played with his kitten.



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  9. Allport believed that cardinal dispositions are

a.  very rare.
b.  ephemeral.
c.  nonexistent today.
d.  less pervasive than central dispositions.

 10. The number of central dispositions necessary to describe an individual ranges between 

a.  one and four.
b.  five and ten.
c.  eleven and fourteen.
d.  fifteen and twenty.

 11. If Napoleon's cardinal disposition was his lust for power, a description of his central disposition(s) might read as follows:

a.  "He was clever, demanding, aggressive, tough, and relentless."
b.  "He was tough with his soldiers but affectionate with Josephine."
c.  "He was interested in good food and wine when he was not engaged in battle."
d.  "He probably had an inferiority complex due to his short stature."

 12. Allport's concept of the proprium emphasizes

a.  responses to the past.
b.  forward movement.
c.  unconscious factors.
d.  instinctual forces.

 13. The first propriate function to emerge is that of

a.  sense of bodily self.
b.  self-image.
c.  self-extension.
d.  self-identity.

 14. Allport's propriate function of self-esteem develops between the ages of

a.  two and three.
b.  six and seven.
c.  twelve and thirteen.
d.  fourteen and fifteen.

 15. Which of the following children is demonstrating self-extension?

a.  Andrew, who says, "It's my ball and I don't have to share it."
b.  Malika, who says, "Look at me, I learned how to tie."
c.  Ryan, who recognizes himself in the mirror for the first time
d.  Noelle, who has lately begun to use the word "no" a lot

 16. The propriate function most comparable to Freud's concept of the ego is

a.  self-image.
b.  self-extension.
c.  propriate striving.
d.  self as a rational coper.



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 17. Which of the following is an example of propriate functional autonomy?

a.  A rat in a maze is sated and no longer hungry, but he keeps running the maze out of habit.
b.  A person who had to take on odd jobs in order to afford to buy food keeps working after winning a huge amount of money in a lottery.
c.  A student is tired of studying, so she goes to sleep even though she is not prepared for the test that she will be taking in the morning.
d.  Because his parents always wanted him to be a doctor, Jordan applies to medical school.

 18. Allport would describe addictions and compulsive, repetitive activities as 

a.  propriate functional autonomy.
b.  propriate strivings.
c.  perseverative functional autonomy.
d.  perseverative strivings.

 19. What is Allport's view of the role of neurosis versus health in personality theory?

a.  Neurosis versus health may be seen as a continuous dimension.
b.  In order to understand health, we must understand neurosis.
c.  We need a positive rather than a negative definition of health and maturity.
d.  Health is best viewed as the absence of neurotic symptoms.

 20. Maturity, for Allport, entails

a.  a clear understanding of one's past.
b.  a conscience that dictates what one must do to gain others' approval.
c.  a plan that encompasses goals and purposes.
d.  a perseverative functional autonomy.

 21. A researcher undertakes a nomothetic study.  That means that he will be working with 

a.  single individuals.
b.  large groups of subjects.
c.  mentally abnormal subjects.
d.  healthy subjects.

 22. Studies such as Allport's analysis of the letters from Jenny are characteristic of

a.  an idiographic approach.
b.  a contemporary traits approach.
c.  a nomothetic approach.
d.  a multidimensional approach.

 23. In Allport's study of racial and religious prejudice, what does he see as contributing to the belief that a group is inferior?

a.  The group's inherent inferiority
b.  The traits that the minority group develops in trying to adapt
c.  The minority group's basic antisocial tendencies
d.  The similarity in traits between the minority and the majority group

 24. Murray described his study of human lives and the factors that influence them as

a.  analytic psychology.
b.  personology.
c.  psychophysics.
d.  individual psychology.



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 25. Murray described an interaction between an individual and the environment as a(n)

a.  ordination.
b.  serial.
c.  response.
d.  proceeding.

 26. In Murray's theory, a ________ is a force in the brain that organizes our perceptions, understanding, and behavior in such a way as to change our situation for the better.

a.  need
b.  drive
c.  motive
d.  response

 27. Murray is, perhaps, best known for his list of twenty

a.  projective techniques.
b.  motives.
c.  defense mechanisms.
d.  needs.

 28. Which of the following is defined on Murray's list as the need to control one's human environment?

a.  Dominance
b.  Deference
c.  Sentience
d.  Succorance

 29. On Murray's list of needs, what does infavoidance mean? 

a.  The need to avoid humiliation
b.  The need to impress others
c.  The need to put things in order
d.  The need to seek aid, protection, or sympathy

 30. Murray describes a force from objects or persons within the environment that helps or hinders a person's efforts to reach a goal as a

a.  vector.
b.  press.
c.  variable.
d.  need.

 31. Which of the following is experiencing beta press?

a.  George, who thinks that his parents' divorce will not affect him at all
b.  Brenda, who has always wanted to be a journalist
c.  Allysa, who is unimpressed with her winning of $50 in the lottery
d.  Jake, who is upset over losing his job

 32. A well-known assessment device developed by Murray is the

a.  Draw-a-Person Test.
b.  Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
c.  Thematic Apperception Test.
d.  Rorschach Ink Blot Test.



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 33. What testing procedure is used in the administration of the TAT?

a.  The person answers multiple-choice questions.
b.  The person is asked to make up stories about ambiguous pictures.
c.  The person has to draw a house, a person, and a tree.
d.  The person is asked to interpret a series of inkblots.

 34. In the study of personality, Murray advocated a(n) ________ approach, which was unprecedented.

a.  historical
b.  interdisciplinary
c.  philosophical
d.  pragmatic

 35. A basic difference between Allport and Murray is that

a.  only Allport advocated an interdisciplinary approach.
b.  only Allport denied the importance of childhood experiences.
c.  Allport preferred idiographic studies, whereas Murray preferred nomothetic studies.
d.  only Allport met with, and was influenced by, Jung.










































    (c) 1999 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.



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ANSWER KEY FOR TEST - CHAPT10

MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST ITEMS

  1. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  1

  2. c 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  2

  3. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  3

  4. c 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  4

  5. d 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  5

  6. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  6

  7. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  7

  8. c 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  8

  9. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION:  9

 10. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 10

 11. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 11

 12. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 12

 13. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 13

 14. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 14

 15. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 15

 16. d 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 16

 17. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 17

 18. c 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 18

 19. c  
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 19

 20. c 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 20



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 21. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 21

 22. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 22

 23. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 23

 24. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 24

 25. d 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 25

 26. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 26

 27. d 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 27

 28. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 28

 29. a 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 29

 30. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 30

 31. d 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 31

 32. c 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 32

 33. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 33

 34. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 34

 35. b 
                                    Chapter:10      QUESTION: 35



















    (c) 1999 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.