1. The biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and functions is referred to as: 
A. gender. 
B. sex. 
C. sexual orientation. 
D. gender identity.
Answer: B 
2. The term gender is formally defined as: 
A. the behavior, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as either masculine or feminine in a given culture. 
B. the behavioral manifestations of the sexual urge. 
C. the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity. 
D. the biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function.
Answer: C 
3. Before her baby was born, Beth watched an ultrasound picture of the fetus in which the genitals were clearly visible.  Beth said, "It's going to be a boy for sure!" Strictly speaking, Beth is referring to the unborn infant's: 
A. gender. 
B. sexual orientation. 
C. gender role. 
D. sex.
Answer: D 
4. _____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity. 
A. Sex 
B. Sexual orientation 
C. Gender 
D. Gender identity
Answer: C 
5. During a lecture on human biology, Professor Sadir describes the differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy that determine whether a person is classified as male or female.  Dr. Sadir is referring to: 
A. sex. 
B. gender. 
C. sexual orientation. 
D. gender roles.
Answer: A 
6. Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's: 
A. sex. 
B. gender role. 
C. sexual orientation. 
D. gender schema.
Answer: B 
7. The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as being either masculine or feminine in a given culture: 
A. are called gender roles. 
B. are genetically determined and do not vary across cultures. 
C. determine whether a person's emotional and erotic attraction is directed toward members of the opposite sex, same sex, or both. 
D. have a great deal of variability within a specific culture but show little or no variation across different cultures.
Answer: A 
8. Tracy is very fit and energetic. She goes to aerobic classes four times a week, and she is considered by many to be very feminine, especially by her same-sex partner.  Tracy's sense of femininity is her _____, and her attraction to a member of the same sex is her _____. 
A. gender; gender role 
B. gender identity; sexual orientation 
C. sex; gender identity 
D. sexual orientation; gender identity
Answer: B 
9. A person's psychological sense of being either male or female is called: 
A. gender role. 
B. sex. 
C. sexual orientation. 
D. gender identity.
Answer: D 
10. Richard's story is discussed in the prologue.  It is pointed out that Richard's _____ was clearly masculine, but his _____ was toward members of the same sex. 
A. gender role; gender identification 
B. sexual orientation; erotic attraction 
C. gender identity; sexual orientation 
D. gender-role stereotype; gender identification
Answer: C 
11. _____ refers to the direction of a person's emotional and erotic attraction toward members of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes. 
A. Gender 
B. Gender role 
C. Gender identity 
D. Sexual orientation
Answer: D 
12. When Henry met Sarah he fell madly in love with her.  Henry's emotional and erotic attraction to Sarah illustrates: 
A. sexual identification. 
B. sexual orientation. 
C. gender-role stereotyping. 
D. gender disorientation.
Answer: B 
13. _____ refer to the beliefs and expectations that people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women. 
A. Personality traits 
B. Sexual orientations 
C. Gender-role stereotypes 
D. Gender identity schemas
Answer: C 
14. During a seminar discussion, Maxwell said he believed men are more rational, logical, and aggressive than women, and that women are more nurturing, caring, and emotional than men.  Maxwell's views of male and female differences illustrate: 
A. gender-role stereotypes. 
B. gender identity schemas. 
C. sexual orientation stereotypes. 
D. gender deficiency schemas.
Answer: A 
15. Which of the following statements regarding gender-role stereotypes is TRUE? 
A. Gender stereotypes are always derogatory toward women in every culture. 
B. Cross-cultural research has shown that there is a high degree of agreement on the characteristics associated with each sex. 
C. In the United States both men and women view the male gender-role stereotype more positively than the female gender-role stereotype. 
D. Gender stereotypes are always derogatory toward men in every culture.
Answer: B 
16. Dr. Pasqualia's area of research is concerned with the issue of gender differences.  If she is typical of most scientific researchers in her field she is most likely to conclude that: 
A. men and women are very similar in many aspects of behavior, including social, personality, and cognitive factors. 
B. men and women are very dissimilar in many aspects of behavior, including social, personality, and cognitive factors. 
C. men and women perceive themselves as being diametrically opposite. 
D. men and women are so different that they seem to be from different planets, speaking different languages and needing different nourishment.
Answer: A 
17. Psychologists are often reluctant to point out gender differences that have been substantiated by scientific research.  Your textbook suggests that the reason for this reluctance is that: 
A. people may mistakenly equate a gender difference with a gender deficiency. 
B. psychologists are skeptical of any research that finds gender differences. 
C. psychologists want to protect the public from any findings that might challenge cultural norms about gender differences. 
D. any gender differences found are probably biologically based, and such findings are contrary to what researchers expect to discover.
Answer: A 
18. Dr. Rosin and her colleagues are conducting a survey of a random sample of American adults between the ages of 18 and 59. The question is "How often do you think about sex?"  If their results are consistent with previous research on this topic, they are likely to find that: 
A. women tend to think about sex more than men. 
B. while there is a wide range of individual variation within each group, there is also quite a bit of overlap between men and women on this topic. 
C. there are no differences between men and women in how often they think about sex. 
D. the vast majority of women think about sex less than once a month.
Answer: B 
19. Two personality dimensions on which men and women consistently differ are: 
A. impulsiveness and orderliness. 
B. orderliness and generosity. 
C. nurturance and assertiveness. 
D. impulsiveness and generosity.
Answer: C 
20. On tests of verbal fluency, reading comprehension, spelling, and basic writing skills: 
A. females consistently score much higher than males. 
B. males consistently score much higher than females. 
C. females score higher than males in elementary school, but lower than males in high school. 
D. there are no significant differences between males and females.
Answer: A 
21. As part of her research on gender differences, Dr. Martin is measuring cognitive differences in a large group of male and female freshman college students.  She will be most likely to find that, on the average, the female students will: 
A. score higher than the male students on verbal, reading, and writing skills. 
B. score about 30 percent lower than male students on tests of mathematical ability. 
C. score significantly higher than the male students on most tests of spatial skills. 
D. score about the same as the male students on all tests.
Answer: A 
22. Based on the best-substantiated gender-related research on cognitive differences, it can be concluded that on average: 
A. males outscore females on some, but not all, tests of spatial skills. 
B. males consistently score much higher than females on tests of verbal fluency, reading comprehension, spelling, and basic writing skills. 
C. females outscore males on all tests of spatial skills. 
D. twice as many females as males score in the top 3 percent on national math tests.
Answer: A 
23. On the average, males _____ females on tests of mathematical ability. 
A. perform slightly worse than 
B. score the same as 
C. perform slightly better than 
D. score twice as high as
Answer: C 
24. Which of the following statements about cognitive differences between males and females is FALSE? 
A. Females consistently score much higher than males on tests of verbal fluency, reading comprehension, and basic writing skills. 
B. Males outperform females on all tests of spatial skills. 
C. On average, males generally perform a little better than females on tests of mathematical ability. 
D. The average difference between males and females on national math tests has steadily narrowed over the last few decades.
Answer: B 
25. Olivia states, "Boys are far superior in mathematical ability than girls."  Olivia's assertion: 
A. has been supported by numerous surveys and statistical studies. 
B. is not true because the average difference between males and females on national math tests is very small. 
C. has been supported by research on male and female brain differences. 
D. is wrong because girls consistently perform much better than boys on national math tests.
Answer: B 
26. In a study by Ann Kring and Albert Gordon, participants watched film clips of scenes that normally produce feelings of happiness, fear, or sadness. What were the results of the study? 
A. Women were more emotionally expressive than men in response to the film clips. 
B. Men and women did not differ in their self-reports of experiencing emotions of happiness, sadness, or fear during the film clips. 
C. Compared to the men, the women reported much more intense feelings of happiness, sadness, and fear during the film clips. 
D. Both answers "a" and "b" above were findings in the study.
Answer: D 
27. According to the research and information presented in Critical Thinking 10.1, "Are Women Really More Emotional Than Men?," which of the following best accounts for gender differences in the expression of emotions? 
A. Women are genetically predisposed to be more emotionally expressive than men. 
B. Compared to men, women are much more physiologically reactive to stimuli that provoke feelings of sadness or happiness. 
C. The expression of emotion for both men and women is strongly influenced by culturally determined display rules. 
D. Men tend to be less emotionally expressive because they feel less confident and skillful in expressing emotions.
Answer: C 
28. Which of the following statements about gender and emotion is TRUE? 
A. Scientific evidence shows that there are no differences in either the degree of emotion experienced or in the expression of emotions in males and females. 
B. Males are much more emotionally expressive than females in almost every culture studied. 
C. In private situations, women show less emotion than men do, but in public situations, men display much less emotion than women. 
D. In American culture, women tend to be more emotionally expressive than men.
Answer: D 
29. The textbook discusses research on the issue of gender differences in the experience of emotion. In general, the research indicates that: 
A. contrary to the popular stereotype that women are more emotional, men and women do not differ in terms of emotional expressiveness or responsiveness. 
B. contrary to the popular stereotype that women are more emotional, men are actually more emotionally expressive and responsive. 
C. mothers are more likely to emphasize emotion management with their daughters than their sons. 
D. women feel much more confident in their expressive skills than men.
Answer: C 
30. Lena often expresses her anger in private but never in public. Her husband Leonard sometimes expresses his anger in public but would be very embarrassed to be caught crying in public. This example illustrates: 
A. culturally determined display rules. 
B. secondary sex characteristics. 
C. innate characteristics of emotional expression. 
D. sex differences in the shape and number of neural fibers in the corpus callosum.
Answer: A 
31. Miguel is a typical male. Compared to most females, Miguel: 
A. is likely to have fewer sexual partners. 
B. experienced his first sexual intercourse at an earlier age. 
C. tends to masturbate less often. 
D. has less permissive sexual attitudes.
Answer: B 
32. Georgina is a typical 25-year-old female.  Compared to most males, Georgina is: 
A. not likely to differ much from males in her attitude toward premarital sex. 
B. likely to have had more sexual partners. 
C. likely to masturbate more often. 
D. much more likely to be accepting of casual sex.
Answer: A 
33. Research on sexual attitudes and behavior shows that: 
A. men and women are dramatically different in their sexual attitudes and behavior. 
B. men have more permissive sexual attitudes than women, including much greater acceptance of casual sex. 
C. females masturbate much more often than males. 
D. women have more permissive sexual attitudes than men, including much greater acceptance of casual sex.
Answer: B 
34. Which of the following statements about male versus female brains is TRUE? 
A. Sex differences in brain structure are large and consistent. 
B. Male and female brains are much more different than they are alike. 
C. Sex differences in brain structure explain why men and women are so different. 
D. Male and female brains are much more alike than they are different.
Answer: D 
35. When male and female brains have been compared in anatomical studies: 
A. researchers have consistently found that males have a larger corpus callosum than females from birth. 
B. researchers have consistently found that females have a larger corpus callosum than males from birth. 
C. the findings have often been inconsistent and contradictory. 
D. researchers have found clear differences in the brain structure of males and females that account for why men and women think differently.
Answer: C 
36. Which of the following statements about male versus female brains is TRUE? 
A. A variety of differences between male and female brains are detectable even at birth. 
B. Most studies showing anatomical differences in male and female brains are based on very large, random samples. 
C. There is almost no individual variation in the brain structure of women. 
D. The most frequently reported sex difference in brain structure is the size of the corpus callosum, the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain.
Answer: D 
37. Mass media reports of sex differences in the human brain are: 
A. usually too complex to be understood by the general public. 
B. often exaggerated and tend to draw conclusions that are not really supported by the research. 
C. helping the general public understand why men and women think so differently. 
D. helping parents understand why male and female infants behave so differently shortly after birth.
Answer: B 
38. Although male and female infants are virtually indistinguishable in terms of size, appearance, and behavior: 
A. they are treated very differently from the moment of birth. 
B. they are typically dressed identically during the first year to avoid gender-role stereotyping. 
C. "color coding" is rarely used until after the first year because it would confuse the infants regarding their gender identity. 
D. most parents cross-dress their infants to avoid later accusations of sexist behavior.
Answer: A 
39. The fact that most parents in the United States do not dress their newborn boys in pink clothes illustrates the: 
A. genetic influences on child-rearing practices. 
B. persuasiveness and force of cultural and societal expectations regarding gender roles. 
C. fact that pink is an impractical color choice for boys' clothes because they are more likely than girls to get dirty. 
D. degree of freedom children in modern society have in choosing their own clothes.
Answer: B 
40. As part of an experiment investigating gender-role development, Dr. Moretti dressed a number of male and female one-year-olds in identical clothes.  In a test to determine whether the gender of the child could be identified, Dr. Moretti found that _____ were able to tell the male and female infants apart but that _____ could not. 
A. adults; one-year-olds 
B. one-year-olds; adults 
C. grandparents; parents 
D. parents; grandparents
Answer: B 
41. Which of the following statements describes the different friendship patterns of boys and girls? 
A. Girls learn to assert themselves within a group of same-sex friends. 
B. Boys tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution. 
C. Boys tend to establish very close bonds with one or two friends, and avoid competition and rough play. 
D. Girls tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise and verbal conflict resolution.
Answer: D 
42. In preschool, 4-year-old Daisy is _____ likely to play with other girls, and 4-year-old Daniel is _____ likely to play with other boys. 
A. less; more 
B. more; less 
C. less; less 
D. more; more
Answer: D 
43. As children grow older, girls become _____ in their views of gender-appropriate activities and attributes, and boys become _____ in their views of gender-appropriate activities and attributes. 
A. less flexible; more flexible 
B. more flexible; less flexible 
C. more flexible; more flexible 
D. less flexible; less flexible
Answer: B 
44. Alex's favorite activities are playing soccer, video games, jump rope, and playing with Barbie dolls. It is most likely that Alex: 
A. is a girl. 
B. has failed to form an adequate gender-role identity. 
C. is a boy. 
D. will have serious relationship problems with members of the opposite sex later in life.
Answer: A 
45. Many researchers have noted gender differences in children.  Which of the following statements reflects our current understanding of these differences? 
A. Girls, more often than boys, learn to assert themselves within a group of same-sex friends. 
B. Boys, more often than girls, tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution. 
C. Boys, more often than girls, establish very close bonds with one or two friends, and avoid competition and rough play. 
D. Girls, more often than boys, tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution.
Answer: D 
46. The theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment, and modeling, is called: 
A. gender schema theory. 
B. social learning theory. 
C. gender identity theory. 
D. psychodynamic theory.
Answer: B 
47. Dr. Segal, a developmental psychologist, thinks that gender roles develop because young children observe others modeling particular gender-appropriate behaviors. She also thinks that the children are rewarded when they behave accordingly and punished when they don't. Dr. Segal's views are most consistent with the _____ of gender-role development. 
A. cognitive development theory 
B. evolutionary theory 
C. gender-schema theory 
D. social learning theory
Answer: D 
48. Whenever Julie played with toy vehicles or blocks her mother would be very disapproving. Whenever she played with dolls and domestic toys her mother would smile and praise her. As Julie grew up, she played less and less with "boys'" toys and more and more with dolls, dollhouses, and domestic accessories. This description of gender-role development exemplifies: 
A. social learning theory. 
B. evolutionary theory. 
C. gender schema theory. 
D. gender identity theory.
Answer: A 
49. According to social learning theory, gender-role differences result from: 
A. parents' reinforcing and encouraging gender-appropriate behavior. 
B. children's observing and imitating the sex-typed behavior of significant adults and other children. 
C. children's being punished for displaying gender-inappropriate behavior. 
D. all of the above.
Answer: D 
50. The theory that gender-role development is influenced by the formation of mental representations of masculinity and femininity is called: 
A. social learning theory. 
B. evolutionary theory. 
C. social identity theory. 
D. gender schema theory.
Answer: D 
51. Which of the following people developed gender schema theory to explain gender-role development? 
A. psychologist Sandra Bem 
B. physician William Masters 
C. behavioral scientist Virginia Johnson 
D. physician Sigmund Freud
Answer: A 
52. Anthony thinks that children actively develop cognitive categories for masculinity and femininity.  He thinks these mental representations influence how children perceive, interpret, and remember what is gender-appropriate.  Anthony's views are most consistent with the _____ theory of gender-role development. 
A. gender schema 
B. evolutionary 
C. social learning 
D. social role
Answer: A 
53. A group of 5-year-old children are shown pictures of children engaged in activities that violate common gender stereotypes, such as girls playing with toy vehicles and boys playing with dolls.  If the children are questioned a few days later, gender schema theory would predict that they: 
A. will not remember having seen any pictures. 
B. will accurately recall that the boys were playing with dolls and the girls with trucks and cars. 
C. will tend to recall having seen boys playing with trucks and cars and girls playing with dolls. 
D. will tend to recall having seen pictures of dinosaurs, cartoon characters, and TV animals, such as Big Bird and Barney.
Answer: C 
54. In a study in which children played with gender-neutral gadgets, some of which were labeled as "boy toys" and some as "girl toys," boys played more with "boy gadgets," and girls played more with "girl gadgets." A week later, both the boys and girls remembered which toys were associated with each sex. This evidence most strongly supports the importance of _____ in learning and remembering new information. 
A. gender schemas 
B. reinforcement and punishment 
C. modeling and observation 
D. genetic influences
Answer: A 
55. Darren's kindergarten teacher said she was surprised that Darren liked to play with dolls and with girls because he seemed so masculine.  "You know, so strong, assertive, and fearless." The teacher's statement suggests that: 
A. Darren is experiencing severe gender identity disorder. 
B. she has very clear-cut gender schemas about what constitutes "masculinity" and "femininity." 
C. Darren is urgently in need of sex-reassignment surgery. 
D. she is fully aware of the effects of gender labeling.
Answer: B 
56. Gender schema theory is to _____ as social learning theory is to _____. 
A. cognitive categories; reinforcement, punishment, and modeling 
B. genetics; environment 
C. reinforcement, punishment, and modeling; cognitive categories 
D. environment; genetics
Answer: A 
57. In describing the stages of the human sexual response, researchers Masters and Johnson: 
A. observed chimps and monkeys engaging in sex. 
B. interviewed married couples who were randomly selected from the U.S. population. 
C. used themselves as subjects and carefully documented the physical changes that occurred while they had sex. 
D. directly observed people engaging in sex in their laboratories.
Answer: D 
58. The human sexual response cycle was first mapped by sex-research pioneers: 
A. Bem and Lazarus. 
B. Johnson and Johnson. 
C. Masters and Johnson. 
D. Johnson and Bem.
Answer: C 
59. In the human sexual response cycle, plateau is to the _____ stage as orgasm is to the _____ stage. 
A. first; second 
B. second; fourth 
C. second; third 
D. first; third
Answer: C 
60. The second phase of the human sexual response cycle is to _____ as the third phase is to _____. 
A. plateau; orgasm 
B. excitement; resolution 
C. resolution; orgasm 
D. orgasm; resolution
Answer: A 
61. The shortest stage of the human sexual response is: 
A. excitement. 
B. plateau. 
C. orgasm. 
D. resolution.
Answer: C 
62. In the human sexual response cycle, excitement is to the _____ stage as resolution is to the _____ stage. 
A. second; fourth 
B. first; second 
C. third; fourth 
D. first; fourth
Answer: D 
63. The first phase of the human sexual response cycle is to _____ as the last phase is to _____. 
A. plateau; resolution 
B. excitement; orgasm 
C. excitement; resolution 
D. orgasm; excitement
Answer: C 
64. According to research by Masters and Johnson, which of the following represents the normal order of the four stages in the human sexual response cycle? 
A. plateau, excitement, resolution, orgasm 
B. excitement, resolution, plateau, orgasm 
C. resolution, plateau, orgasm, excitement 
D. excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Answer: D 
65. Eddie and his wife Lesley have just shared a fulfilling sexual experience. Unlike Lesley, Eddie is not likely to be able to experience another orgasm for a period of time.  This stage of the sexual response cycle is called the: 
A. plateau stage. 
B. dyspareunia. 
C. resolution stage. 
D. frotteurism stage.
Answer: C 
66. Which of the following statements about the stages of the human sexual response is FALSE? 
A. There is greater variability in the female sexual response than the male sexual response. 
B. Younger men typically experience a longer refractory period than do older men. 
C. For both men and women, the degree of physical arousal may fluctuate up and down during the excitement and plateau stages of sexual arousal. 
D. Whereas many women are capable of experiencing multiple orgasms, most men experience one orgasm.
Answer: B 
67. The refractory period refers to: 
A. the specific time during the monthly cycle that females experience menstruation. 
B. a variable length of time following orgasm during which the male is incapable of having another erection or orgasm. 
C. the second phase in the human sexual response cycle, when physical arousal increases. 
D. the time period during which the physical processes of attaining sexual maturation and reproductive capability take place.
Answer: B 
68. In most animals, sexual behavior is biologically determined and triggered by hormonal changes in the female.  During the cyclical period known as _____, a female animal is fertile and receptive to male sexual advances. 
A. the resolution phase 
B. estrus 
C. the refractory period 
D. circadian rhythm
Answer: B 
69. Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences human sexuality? 
A. biological factors 
B. psychological factors 
C. social and cultural factors 
D. the estrus cycle
Answer: D 
70. In a primate species called the bonobo, sexual interaction: 
A. is primarily biologically determined and only occurs when the female is fertile. 
B. serves important social functions, defining and cementing relationships among members of the group. 
C. occurs solely for the purpose of reproduction. 
D. only takes place between the dominant male and his "harem" of females.
Answer: B 
71. Following an operation in which her ovaries will be surgically removed, 25-year-old Nadine is likely to experience: 
A. a steep drop in sexual interest and sexual activity. 
B. an increase in the production of estrogen. 
C. homosexual feelings and urges. 
D. little or no drop in her normal level of sexual interest and sexual activity.
Answer: D 
72. Because of testicular cancer, 35-year-old Joshua had to have his testicles removed.  Research suggests that: 
A. injections of estrogen will increase his level of sexual interest above its previous level. 
B. he will experience homosexual feelings and urges. 
C. he may experience decreased interest in sexual activity. 
D. he will experience no change in his level of sexual interest or activity.
Answer: C 
73. As part of a laboratory experiment, a rat has its testes surgically removed.  It is very probable that the animal will experience a(n) _____ in the levels of testosterone and a(n) _____ in sexual activity and interest. 
A. increase; increase 
B. decrease; increase 
C. increase; decrease 
D. decrease; decrease
Answer: D 
74. In both men and women, sexual activity and motivation is biologically influenced by bodily levels of: 
A. estrogen only. 
B. testosterone. 
C. adrenaline only. 
D. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Answer: B 
75. A large-scale survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 different cultures revealed that: 
A. only individualistic cultures view romantic love as a necessary ingredient in marriage. 
B. women are most interested in an attractive, youthful sexual partner. 
C. all 37 cultures ranked "mutual attraction and love" as the most important factor in their choice of a mate. 
D. females are less interested in "mating strategies" but engage in these activities because of cultural rules that call for such strategies.
Answer: C 
76. In Buss's research on cultural views of love and attraction, it was found that: 
A. men are more likely than women to value youth and physical attractiveness in a potential mate. 
B. women rank physical attractiveness in a potential mate as the most important quality when looking for a mate. 
C. in approximately half of the cultures surveyed, men expressed more interest in being the primary caregiver for offspring than women. 
D. in almost all of the industrialized cultures that were surveyed, women expressed the strong desire to have a professional career AND be the primary caregivers for offspring.
Answer: A 
77. David Buss examined mate preferences between men and women in 37 different cultures.  He found that women have different concerns than men when selecting a mate.  Compared to men, women: 
A. value youth and physical attractiveness more than financial security and social status. 
B. are less interested in passing on their genes to future generations and beyond. 
C. place more value on financial security and social status when selecting a potential mate. 
D. are less concerned with mutual attraction and love as factors in their choice of a mate.
Answer: C 
78. The term sexual orientation describes: 
A. an individual's level of sexual motivation and attitudes toward sexual behavior. 
B. an individual's biological sex. 
C. the sex that is assigned at birth to people with ambiguous genitals. 
D. whether an individual's sexual and emotional attraction is directed toward members of the same sex, of the opposite sex, or both sexes.
Answer: D 
79. Martina is solely attracted to other women, whereas her sister Marguerite is attracted only to men. Martina's ex-girlfriend Jodie is attracted to both men and women. Martina, Marguerite, and Jodie differ in terms of their: 
A. sexual identity. 
B. gender identity. 
C. sexual orientation. 
D. gender role.
Answer: C 
80. A _____ is sexually attracted to individuals of the other sex and a _____ is attracted to individuals of the same sex. 
A. bisexual; heterosexual 
B. homosexual; bisexual 
C. heterosexual; homosexual 
D. homosexual; heterosexual
Answer: C 
81. Desmond is sexually attracted only to members of his own sex. By definition Desmond is a: 
A. bisexual. 
B. homosexual. 
C. heterosexual. 
D. frotteurist.
Answer: B 
82. Alex is sexually attracted to both males and females.  Alex would be classified as a: 
A. paraphiliac. 
B. bisexual. 
C. transvestite. 
D. heterosexual.
Answer: B 
83. Frank and Jane fell madly in love when they first met and are now happily married with a baby daughter.  It would appear that Frank and Jane are: 
A. homosexual. 
B. pedophiles. 
C. heterosexual. 
D. bisexual.
Answer: C 
84. A _____ is sexually attracted to both males and females and a _____ is sexually attracted to individuals of the other sex. 
A. bisexual; heterosexual 
B. homosexual; bisexual 
C. heterosexual; bisexual 
D. bisexual; homosexual
Answer: A 
85. Estimates of the size of the gay and lesbian population may vary depending on: 
A. how researchers structure survey questions. 
B. where the survey is conducted. 
C. how survey participants are selected. 
D. all of the above.
Answer: D 
86. It is estimated that approximately _________ American men and women are gay or lesbian. 
A. 500,000 
B. 1 to 2 million 
C. 7 to 15 million 
D. 40 to 50 million
Answer: C 
87. Dr. La Roche wants to determine what percentage of the population is gay or lesbian.  If she wants her results to be valid she would be advised to: 
A. carefully define the criteria for inclusion in gay, lesbian, or bisexual categories. 
B. conduct the survey in the largest U.S. cities, because that is where most homosexuals live. 
C. select for inclusion in the survey only those participants who have been openly homosexual since adolescence. 
D. conduct the survey in rural areas, because country people are more likely than city dwellers to be honest about their sexual orientation.
Answer: A 
88. Based on research that has been conducted so far, what can be concluded about the causes of sexual orientation? 
A. Researchers cannot say with certainty why people become homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. 
B. Most researchers are now convinced that sexual orientation is primarily the result of environmental influences. 
C. Researchers are sure that homosexuality is caused by unpleasant early heterosexual experiences. 
D. Most researchers are now convinced that sexual orientation is primarily the result of genetic influences.
Answer: A 
89. Emma and Jennifer are identical twins.  Jennifer is a lesbian.  Based on information from a study discussed in your textbook, there is: 
A. approximately a 50 percent chance that Emma is also homosexual. 
B. close to a 100 percent chance that Emma is also homosexual. 
C. about a 20 percent chance that Emma is also homosexual. 
D. no way to predict Emma's sexual orientation because genetics play no role in sexuality.
Answer: A 
90. Studies of identical twins support the notion that: 
A. sexual orientation is at least partly influenced by genetics. 
B. sexual orientation is completely influenced by environmental factors. 
C. the second-born twin is more likely to be homosexual that the first-born twin. 
D. having an inadequate male role model or having an overly dominant mother is the primary cause of homosexuality.
Answer: A 
91. Matthew and Ryan are identical twins.  Matthew is gay.  Based on information from a study discussed in your textbook, there is approximately a(n) _____ percent chance that Ryan is also homosexual. 
A. 50 
B. 20 
C. 10 
D. 100
Answer: A 
92. Neurobiologist Simon LeVay found that a tiny cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus of homosexual males was about: 
A. half the size of that in heterosexual men. 
B. half the size of that in heterosexual women. 
C. twice the size of that in heterosexual men. 
D. twice the size of that in heterosexual women.
Answer: A 
93. Karmine has reviewed all the relevant literature concerning biological factors and homosexuality.  She is likely to conclude that: 
A. homosexuality is caused by insufficient testosterone levels. 
B. biological differences in a tiny cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus cause homosexuality. 
C. there is no correlation between biological factors and homosexual orientation. 
D. some biological factors are correlated with homosexual orientation.
Answer: D 
94. Steve had a very domineering mother and a rather weak, passive father who provided a poor masculine role model. Based on the research on early life experiences and sexual orientation you would be safe in concluding that: 
A. Steve is almost certainly bisexual. 
B. Steve is almost certainly homosexual. 
C. Steve was heterosexual during his teens but has since become homosexual. 
D. Steve's experiences with his parents are not likely to have caused him to become homosexual.
Answer: D 
95. Rachel is a lesbian.  It is likely that: 
A. her sexual orientation was determined before adolescence and before any sexual activity occurred. 
B. her father was overly domineering and her mother provided a poor female role model. 
C. her first sexual experience occurred in childhood with a female. 
D. she experienced at least one incident of sexual abuse by a male during her childhood.
Answer: A 
96. Researchers have concluded that sexual orientation is established as early as age 6 but: 
A. once established it can easily be changed by environmental circumstances. 
B. homosexuals deliberately choose their particular sexual orientation, and some manage to overcome any latent heterosexual urges. 
C. once established, sexual orientation is highly resistant to change. 
D. only heterosexual orientation is resistant to change whereas homosexual orientation is not.
Answer: C 
97. In recalling their childhood, gay men are more likely than heterosexual men to recall: 
A. an unpleasant early heterosexual experience. 
B. having an overly dominant mother. 
C. having either no father present in the home or having a father who was an inadequate male role model. 
D. playing with girls more than boys and preferring girls' toys over boys' toys.
Answer: D 
98. A prospective study: 
A. examines the probability of certain life events occurring, such as the rate of common childhood accidents and illnesses. 
B. involves systematically observing a group of people over time to determine what factors are associated with the development of a particular trait, characteristic, or behavior. 
C. uses statistical analyses of historical and existing population data to project future population trends. 
D. involves detailed interviews of a person's acquaintances, close friends, and first-order relatives to determine what psychological and social factors seemed to play the most significant roles in shaping the course of the person's life.
Answer: B 
99. A prospective study conducted by Richard Green followed the development of sexual orientation in two groups of boys. What did the study find? 
A. The boys who displayed feminine behaviors were much more likely to be homosexual or bisexual by the time they reached their late teens. 
B. Boys who were the only male child in the household were almost five times as likely to be homosexual by the time they reached early adulthood. 
C. Regardless of whether the boy had brothers or was the only male child in the household, the rate of homosexuality by early adulthood was the same. 
D. Compared to the boys who grew up in an urban area, boys who grew in sparely-populated rural areas were approximately three times as likely to become homosexual.
Answer: A 
100. According to your textbook, gays and lesbians: 
A. are considered by clinical psychologists and psychiatrists to have a sexual disorder. 
B. who are comfortable with their sexual orientation are just as well adjusted as are heterosexuals. 
C. are more likely to live in rural areas than urban areas. 
D. can easily change their sexual orientation.
Answer: B 
101. Which of the following statements about gays and lesbians is TRUE? 
A. Gays and lesbians can be found in every occupation and at every socioeconomic level in our society. 
B. Children who are raised by gay or lesbian parents are at a much greater risk to develop a serious psychological disorder. 
C. Gays and lesbians are more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas. 
D. Children who are raised by gay or lesbian parents are much more likely to be homosexual than children raised by heterosexual parents.
Answer: A 
102. Brendan was raised by lesbian parents.  When he reaches adulthood it is very likely that Brendan: 
A. will be just as well adjusted as children raised by heterosexual parents. 
B. will become homosexual. 
C. will suffer from gender identity disorder. 
D. will have major problems forming long-term relationships with other people.
Answer: A 
103. Whenever 6-month-old Mason is being bathed, he fondles his own genitals and smiles and gurgles with apparent delight.  It is very probable that Mason: 
A. will develop into a frotteurist. 
B. is quite normal. 
C. is a latent homosexual. 
D. will grow up to be a pedophile.
Answer: B 
104. When very young children engage in genital play it is: 
A. because they are experiencing sexual arousal. 
B. because they are expressing a desire for erotic contact. 
C. because they have discovered, quite naturally, that such stimulation feels good. 
D. an early indication of future sexual deviance or sexual identity problems.
Answer: C 
105. Four-year-old Jeremiah walks into the bathroom and sees his mother as she is stepping out of the shower. Jeremiah's mother is concerned since this is not the first time that Jeremiah has seen her naked. According to research, children exposed to occasional instances of parental nudity: 
A. are likely to develop a gay sexual orientation. 
B. will become pedophiles. 
C. are not likely to develop sexual problems later in life as a result of such occasional exposure. 
D. will stop developing an interest in sexuality as they mature.
Answer: C 
106. The term _______ refers to the stage in which an individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction. 
A. centration 
B. menstrual 
C. puberty 
D. generativity
Answer: C 
107. The physical process of attaining sexual maturation and reproductive capacity that begins during the early adolescent years: 
A. sometimes proceeds unevenly, with some body parts developing at a faster rate than others. 
B. is known as generativity. 
C. occurs at an earlier age in boys than in girls. 
D. typically begins with ovulation in girls and the growth of facial hair in boys.
Answer: A 
108. Rosemary is 13 years old and has just experienced her first menstrual period.  Rosemary has reached: 
A. adulthood. 
B. menarche. 
C. gender identity. 
D. menopause.
Answer: B 
109. Fifteen-year-old Kevin has reached puberty.  If he is typical of most males:
A. his height and weight have probably increased. 
B. he may have gained some body hair. 
C. his voice has probably deepened. 
D. all of the above have occurred.
Answer: D 
110. The average age of menarche:  
A. is 9 years of age. 
B. is 12.5 years of age. 
C. is 9 years of age in girls and about 12 years of age in boys. 
D. ranges from about 40 to 50 years of age.
Answer: B 
111. During the last year, 14-year-old Cameron's testicles have enlarged, his height and weight have increased, and his voice has deepened.  Cameron: 
A. has reached puberty. 
B. is experiencing menarche. 
C. is menopausal. 
D. is experiencing dyspareunia.
Answer: A 
112. Cindy and her twin brother Ryan have just celebrated their 8th birthday.  Cindy will probably start the physical and sexual changes of puberty: 
A. at a later age than her brother will. 
B. at an earlier age than her brother will. 
C. at about the same age as her brother will. 
D. much later than the average girl, because of her close relationship with her twin brother.
Answer: B 
113. Sexual organs that are directly involved in reproduction, such as the uterus, ovaries, penis, and testicles, are called: 
A. secondary sex characteristics. 
B. secondary gender characteristics 
C. primary sex characteristics. 
D. primary gender characteristics
Answer: C 
114. Harrison is 16 years old and has gained both height and weight, some body hair, and a deeper voice during the past year.  These changes are referred to as: 
A. paraphilia. 
B. primary sex characteristics. 
C. paraphernalia. 
D. secondary sex characteristics.
Answer: D 
115. Sexual characteristics that develop during puberty and differentiate between the sexes but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as male facial hair and female breast development, are called: 
A. secondary sex characteristics. 
B. sexual identity characteristics. 
C. gender identity characteristics. 
D. primary sex characteristics.
Answer: A 
116. The period of accelerated growth during puberty, involving rapid increases in height and weight, is called: 
A. menarche. 
B. the adolescent growth spurt. 
C. hormonal acceleration. 
D. the refractory period.
Answer: B 
117. Fourteen-year-old Louise has recently experienced menarche.  Louise: 
A. has had her first menstrual period. 
B. has experienced the adolescent growth spurt. 
C. has a disorder called dyspareunia. 
D. suffers from vaginismus.
Answer: A 
118. A female's first menstrual period, which occurs during puberty, is referred to as: 
A. the refractory period. 
B. menopause. 
C. vaginismus. 
D. menarche.
Answer: D 
119. The age of onset of puberty is determined by: 
A. environmental factors such as nutrition and health. 
B. genetics. 
C. body size and degree of physical activity. 
D. all of the above.
Answer: D 
120. Twelve-year-old Andrea has been wearing a bra for over a year. She had her first menstrual period when she was 10 years old and is taller than most of her classmates. Compared to late-maturing girls, Andrea is likely to have had: 
A. very positive experiences related to her early maturation. 
B. much the same type of experiences as late-maturing girls. 
C. negative experiences related to her early maturation. 
D. some negative but mostly positive experiences related to her early maturation.
Answer: C 
121. Compared to early-maturing girls, early-maturing boys: 
A. tend to have more positive experiences. 
B. tend to have more negative experiences. 
C. experience the same degree of acceptance of the physical changes that have taken place. 
D. have more negative feelings about their body image and pubertal changes.
Answer: A 
122. Melvin is a typical early-maturing boy.  Compared to late-maturing boys, he is likely to: 
A. experience very negative feelings about his body image and pubertal changes. 
B. have an advantage in terms of popularity, social maturity, academic achievement, and athletics. 
C. have a disadvantage in terms of popularity, social maturity, academic achievement, and athletics. 
D. feel embarrassed by unwanted attention from older females.
Answer: B 
123. Morris and Mary were both early-maturing children.  Their experiences as a result of early puberty were likely to have been very: 
A. positive for both of them. 
B. similar in all respects. 
C. different in many respects. 
D. negative for both of them.
Answer: C 
124. Andrew is 19 years old.  If he is typical of most young men his age, he has: 
A. been married for about a year and a half. 
B. not yet reached puberty. 
C. already had sexual intercourse. 
D. never had sexual intercourse.
Answer: C 
125. Courtney is a 20-year-old female. If she is like most young women her age, she has: 
A. never experienced sexual intercourse. 
B. only recently developed secondary sex characteristics. 
C. been married once and divorced. 
D. already experienced sexual intercourse.
Answer: D 
126. In terms of the sexual socialization of adolescents, which of the following statements is TRUE? 
A. Parents play a key role in directly communicating information to their adolescent children about sexual matters. 
B. Adolescents are more likely to consult with peers than parents on questions of sexual behavior. 
C. Fathers are more likely than mothers to be involved in the sexual education of their children. 
D. Adolescents rarely discuss sex-related topics with their friends.
Answer: B 
127. The Focus on Neuroscience feature described a study in which love-struck young adults underwent an fMRI brain scan while they looked at a photo of their beloved or at a photo of a friend. The results of this study indicated: 
A. that looking at a photo of their lover produced a marked reduction in brain activity, especially in the left hemisphere. 
B. when viewing a photo of their lover, females showed significant right hemisphere brain activation while males showed significant left hemisphere brain activation. 
C. when the participants viewed a photo of their lover, it activated some of the same brain areas that are activated by euphoria-producing drugs, like opiates and cocaine. 
D. no significant differences, as both photos activated the same visual areas of the brain.
Answer: C 
128. In the fMRI study of love-struck young adults discussed in the Focus on Neuroscience section, researchers Andreas Bartels and Semir Zeki found: 
A. romantic love activated some of the same brain areas that are involved in positive emotions. 
B. distinct gender differences in the patterns of brain activation. 
C. that when participants viewed a photo of their lover, it activated two key memory areas of the brain, the hippocampus and the amygdala. 
D. equal degrees of brain activation in response to the photo of the person's lover or a good friend.
Answer: A 
129. Michele is a 28-year-old female.  If she is typical, she: 
A. is part of a couple, either married or living with someone. 
B. has never been involved in an intimate, long-term relationship. 
C. is single and has never been part of a couple. 
D. has been married and divorced twice and is now living with someone.
Answer: A 
130. Which of the following statements about sexuality in early and middle adulthood is FALSE? 
A. Young adults today typically have more sexual partners than people did thirty years ago. 
B. The majority of young adults today have their first sexual experience prior to marriage. 
C. During the previous year, the majority of people have had two or more sexual partners. 
D. By the age of 30, about 90 percent of Americans have married.
Answer: C 
131. Brenda is a 62-year-old married woman with three grown children.  If she is typical of people in her age bracket, she: 
A. had her first sexual experience in the context of marriage. 
B. has had twelve or more sexual partners in her lifetime. 
C. has had at least two extramarital affairs. 
D. had her first sexual experience before she was 16 and had approximately ten sexual partners before getting married.
Answer: A 
132. Compared with single people, most married or cohabiting couples: 
A. are less happy with their life situations. 
B. have more active sex lives. 
C. are blissfully happy. 
D. have more sexual disorders and problems.
Answer: B 
133. When the  National Health and Social Life Survey  data is combined for all adults between the ages of 18 and 59: 
A. men have sex an average of seven times per month. 
B. most women had at least two sexual partners in the previous year. 
C. less than one-third of adults reported that they were physically and emotionally satisfied with their sexual relationships. 
D. males in the 30-to-39 age bracket are most likely to report sexual dysfunctions.
Answer: A 
134. According to the National Health and Social Life Survey, _____ is nearly universal as the most practiced sexual activity among heterosexual couples. 
A. celibacy 
B. oral sex 
C. anal sex 
D. vaginal intercourse
Answer: D 
135. Although the list of potential sexual practices is varied, the most preferred sexual activities for both sexes, in descending order, are: 
A. being forced to do something sexual; watching the partner undress; vaginal intercourse. 
B. vaginal intercourse; having anal sex; being forced to do something sexual. 
C. vaginal intercourse; watching the partner undress; receiving oral sex. 
D. receiving oral sex; having anal sex; vaginal intercourse.
Answer: C 
136. Mr. and Mrs. Jaegar are in their sixties.  If they are similar to the majority of sexually active seniors: 
A. they have sex once a year. 
B. they probably have a high level of sexual enjoyment. 
C. they have little sexual enjoyment. 
D. watching X-rated, sexually explicit videos is the only source of sexual enjoyment in their lives.
Answer: B 
137. By the time that people reach their seventies and eighties: 
A. the number of people, especially women, without a sexual partner steadily increases. 
B. they no longer engage in sexual behavior. 
C. men outnumber women by a margin of almost two to one. 
D. sexual activity decreases to about once per year for most couples.
Answer: A 
138. After his wife died, 70-year-old Mr. Johnson started dating a 65-year-old widow.  At their age: 
A. they will want to get married almost immediately. 
B. dating fills the need for companionship and sexual intimacy. 
C. they are very unlikely to engage in sexual activity, even if they were both very sexually active earlier in their lives. 
D. dating is primarily part of the process of selecting a mate.
Answer: B 
139. Based on the research and survey findings discussed in your text, which of the following conclusions about sexuality throughout the lifespan is most accurate? 
A. Single people have the most active and satisfying sex lives. 
B. American adults strongly prefer kinky or unusual sexual practices. 
C. Most adults follow very traditional patterns of sexual behavior and are fundamentally happy with the relationship they have with their sexual partner. 
D. It is virtually impossible to describe patterns of sexual development and behavior throughout the lifespan because it varies so much from person to person.
Answer: C 
140. The most erotic organ in the human body is the:
A. penis. 
B. brain. 
C. vagina. 
D. clitoris.
Answer: B 
141. According to the information presented in In Focus box 10.4 on sexual fantasies, of the following people, who is more likely to think about sex the most? 
A. 8-year-old Jared 
B. 14-year-old Christina 
C. 24-year-old Rachel 
D. 26-year-old Alan
Answer: D 
142. Which of the following is NOT one of the most common types of sexual fantasies? 
A. reliving an exciting sexual experience 
B. imagining that you are having sex with a lover other than your current partner 
C. imagining a sexual encounter involving yourself and several partners 
D. imagining that you are having sex with your current partner
Answer: C 
143. In comparing the sexual fantasies of men and women, researchers have found that: 
A. men are more likely than women to fantasize themes of being forced into sexual submission. 
B. men who frequently engage in sexual fantasies report a high rate of sexual problems. 
C. men are more likely than women to fantasize themes of forcing someone to do something sexual. 
D. one of the most common fantasy themes for both men and women is having sex with multiple partners.
Answer: C 
144. Which of the following statements about sexual fantasies is TRUE? 
A. Sexual fantasies are a sign of sexual frustration and dissatisfaction with a relationship. 
B. Sexual fantasies tend to begin during the adolescent years, and almost all adult men and women report having had sexual daydreams. 
C. Sexual fantasies are psychologically unhealthy. 
D. Male and female sexual fantasies are identical in terms of content and frequency.
Answer: B 
145. Men are more likely to fantasize dominance themes whereas women are more likely to report submission themes (being forced to do something sexual).  Which of the following is TRUE? 
A. Women's sexual fantasies indicate that they have a strong desire to actually be forced into sexual submission. 
B. While women may find these fantasies sexually arousing, this does not indicate a desire to actually be forced into sexual submission, raped, or assaulted. 
C. Women's sexual fantasies are much more likely to be filled with themes of violence than men's sexual fantasies. 
D. The typical female sexual submission fantasy involves being forced against her will to do something reprehensible.
Answer: B 
146. Compared to females, males are more likely to have sexual fantasies that involve: 
A. romantic, loving feelings about their partner. 
B. having something sexual done to them. 
C. explicit sexual positions or anatomical details. 
D. just one sexual partner.
Answer: C 
147. _____ are consistent disturbances in sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm that cause psychological distress and interpersonal difficulties. 
A. STDs 
B. Hyperactive sexual desire disorders 
C. Sexual dysfunctions 
D. Gender roles
Answer: C 
148. Sexual dysfunctions: 
A. are more common among college-educated people than people with less education. 
B. are most common among people who frequently engage in sexual fantasies. 
C. are most common among young women and older men. 
D. tend to increase as women get older and tend to decrease as men get older.
Answer: C 
149. The most common sexual problems for women are: 
A. dyspareunia and vaginismus. 
B. erectile disorder and sexual aversion disorder. 
C. fetishism and voyeurism. 
D. low sexual desire and arousal problems.
Answer: D 
150. Based on the data in the National Health and Social Life Survey, which of the following people is most likely to suffer from a sexual problem? 
A. 21-year-old Melissa 
B. 38-year-old Derrick 
C. 44-year-old Carolyn 
D. 22-year-old Todd
Answer: A 
151. Newlywed Ann loves her husband very much but is worried because she experiences little or no sexual desire.  Ann's problems are consistent with a condition known as: 
A. hypoactive sexual desire disorder. 
B. vaginismus. 
C. hyperactive sexual desire disorder. 
D. frotteurism.
Answer: A 
152. A sexual dysfunction characterized by little or no sexual desire is called: 
A. sexual aversion disorder. 
B. hypoactive sexual desire disorder. 
C. dyspareunia. 
D. hyperactive sexual desire disorder.
Answer: B 
153. _____ is a sexual dysfunction characterized by active avoidance of genital sexual contact because of extreme anxiety, fear, or disgust. 
A. Sexual aversion disorder 
B. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder 
C. Dyspareunia 
D. Fetishism
Answer: A 
154. Roslyn is married, but she and her husband rarely have sex because the thought of any genital contact with her husband fills her with disgust, anxiety, and fear.  Roslyn suffers from: 
A. dyspareunia. 
B. vaginismus. 
C. female orgasmic disorder. 
D. sexual aversion disorder.
Answer: D 
155. Dyspareunia is a sexual dysfunction characterized by: 
A. persistent, involuntary contractions or spasms of the vaginal muscles, which result in uncomfortable or painful intercourse. 
B. orgasm occurring before it is desired. 
C. a recurring inability to achieve or maintain an erect penis. 
D. genital pain before, during, or after intercourse.
Answer: D 
156. Anna and Dan, recently married, have had to seek help from a sex therapist because Anna experiences persistent, involuntary contractions of the vaginal muscles, which result in uncomfortable or painful intercourse. Anna suffers from: 
A. vaginismus. 
B. dyspareunia. 
C. female orgasmic disorder. 
D. sexual aversion disorder.
Answer: A 
157. Lester avoids having sex with his wife because he experiences genital pain after intercourse.  Lester has a condition called: 
A. male erectile disorder. 
B. male orgasmic disorder. 
C. dyspareunia. 
D. pedophilia.
Answer: C 
158. A sexual dysfunction characterized by a recurring inability to achieve or maintain an erect penis is called: 
A. male orgasmic disorder. 
B. dyspareunia. 
C. male erectile disorder. 
D. vaginismus.
Answer: C 
159. After two years of trying, Desdemona has not become pregnant because her husband Claude is unable to achieve orgasm through intercourse.  Claude can achieve orgasm by other means, however.  Claude's problem is called: 
A. vaginismus. 
B. male erectile disorder. 
C. pedophilia. 
D. male orgasmic disorder.
Answer: D 
160. Harry is considering going to sex therapy because of his inability to achieve or maintain an erect penis.  Harry appears to be suffering from: 
A. vaginismus. 
B. frotteurism. 
C. male orgasmic disorder. 
D. male erectile disorder.
Answer: D 
161. A male sexual dysfunction characterized by delayed orgasm during intercourse or the inability to achieve orgasm during intercourse is: 
A. male erectile disorder. 
B. gender identity disorder. 
C. male orgasmic disorder. 
D. paraphilia.
Answer: C 
162. To his embarrassment and distress, Devin frequently reaches sexual climax much faster than he wants, often before he has intercourse with his partner. Devin's condition is referred to as: 
A. paraphilia. 
B. premature ejaculation. 
C. male erectile disorder. 
D. male orgasmic disorder.
Answer: B 
163. If a male has a sexual dysfunction characterized by orgasm occurring before it is desired, often immediately or shortly after sexual stimulation or penetration, he suffers from: 
A. male orgasmic disorder. 
B. dyspareunia. 
C. male erectile disorder. 
D. premature ejaculation.
Answer: D 
164. Female orgasmic disorder is characterized by: 
A. consistent delays in achieving orgasm or the inability to achieve orgasm. 
B. involuntary contractions or spasms of the vaginal muscles, which results in uncomfortable or painful intercourse. 
C. genital pain before, during, or after intercourse. 
D. active avoidance of genital sexual contact because of extreme anxiety, fears, or disgust.
Answer: A 
165. Amanda sought professional help because she was worried about the fact that she never experienced orgasm during sexual intercourse with her husband, despite having an otherwise warm and caring relationship.  Amanda has a sexual dysfunction called: 
A. vaginismus. 
B. sexual aversion disorder. 
C. dyspareunia. 
D. female orgasmic disorder.
Answer: D 
166. A sexual dysfunction characterized by persistent, involuntary contractions or spasms of the vaginal walls, which result in uncomfortable or painful intercourse, is called: 
A. dyspareunia. 
B. vaginismus. 
C. paraphilia. 
D. pedophilia.
Answer: B 
167. A _____ is any of several forms of nontraditional sexual behavior in which a person's sexual gratification depends on an unusual sexual experience, object, or fantasy. 
A. paraphilia 
B. vaginismus 
C. dyspareunia 
D. sexual dysfunction
Answer: A 
168. Trevor achieves sexual arousal by exposing his genitals to shocked strangers.  This example illustrates: 
A. frotteurism. 
B. fetishism. 
C. exhibitionism. 
D. transsexualism.
Answer: C 
169. Armand frequently rides the subway during rush hour because he gets sexual arousal from touching and rubbing against nonconsenting people.  Armand's paraphilia is called: 
A. masochism. 
B. voyeurism. 
C. frotteurism. 
D. exhibitionism.
Answer: C 
170. Hannah separated from her husband Nick when she discovered that he could only achieve sexual arousal from contact with her lingerie or underwear.  Nick appears to have developed a type of paraphilia called: 
A. frotteurism. 
B. fetishism. 
C. pedophilia. 
D. voyeurism.
Answer: B 
171. Ross is a heterosexual male who achieves sexual arousal from cross-dressing in women's clothes.  Ross has a paraphilia known as: 
A. sexual sadism. 
B. voyeurism. 
C. sexual masochism. 
D. transvestic fetishism.
Answer: D 
172. Pete has been charged for the third time with engaging in sexual activities with prepubescent girls.  Pete is probably a(n): 
A. exhibitionist. 
B. voyeur. 
C. sadomasochist. 
D. pedophile.
Answer: D 
173. Stephen spends many hours each night peering into people's windows in the hope of observing people getting undressed, engaging in sexual activity, or walking around naked.  Stephen's paraphilia is called: 
A. exhibitionism. 
B. voyeurism. 
C. pedophilia. 
D. frotteurism.
Answer: B 
174. Roland achieves sexual arousal by intentionally inflicting psychological or physical pain on another person. Connie gets sexually aroused in response to being humiliated, beaten, or otherwise made to suffer. Roland is a(n) _____ and Connie is a(n) _____. 
A. exhibitionist; frotteurist 
B. sexual sadist; sexual masochist 
C. pedophile; voyeur 
D. sexual masochist; sexual sadist
Answer: B 
175. In contrast to a person with a sexual dysfunction, a person who has a paraphilia: 
A. is very psychologically distressed by it. 
B. usually seeks professional help for the problem. 
C. is often not psychologically distressed by it. 
D. can be treated with hormone therapy.
Answer: C 
176. _____ is a persistent discomfort about one's assigned gender, along with a desire to be a member of the opposite sex. 
A. Gender-role confusion 
B. Gender identity disorder (transsexualism) 
C. Gender-role stereotypical disorder 
D. Gender schema dysfunction
Answer: B 
177. When Derek was a child, he loved playing with dolls and joining in girls' games.  As a teenager he shaved his legs and armpits.  Now he frequently dresses in women's clothes and plans to undergo sex-reassignment surgery.  Derek has a disorder called: 
A. frotteurism. 
B. gender identity disorder (transsexualism). 
C. pedophilia. 
D. gender schema dysfunction.
Answer: B 
178. Vivian is uncomfortable with her assigned gender, fantasizes about being a man, and frequently dresses in male clothes. Vivian has a disorder called: 
A. hypoactive sexual disorder. 
B. gender identity disorder (transsexualism). 
C. gender schema dysfunction. 
D. hyperactive sexual disorder.
Answer: B 
179. Any of several infectious diseases that are primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or other intimate sexual contact are called: 
A. frotteuristic infections. 
B. dyspareunias. 
C. sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 
D. sexually acquired deficiency infections (SADI).
Answer: C 
180. Emile had to seek treatment because of persistent itching due to pubic lice.  Emile has contracted: 
A. AIDS. 
B. a parasitic STD. 
C. chlamydia. 
D. a bacterial STD.
Answer: B 
181. The disease caused by the exchange of body fluids (semen, blood, or blood products) containing HIV, which attacks and weakens the immune system, is called: 
A. AIDS. 
B. syphilis. 
C. chlamydia. 
D. herpes.
Answer: A 
182. Hemophiliacs who got infected with HIV from contaminated blood are very likely to develop: 
A. STDs. 
B. AIDS. 
C. gonorrhea. 
D. paraphilia.
Answer: B 
183. When the AIDS virus is active, it selectively attacks _____, which is a key component of the body's immune system. 
A. helper T cells 
B. cytotoxic cells 
C. B cells 
D. red blood cells
Answer: A 
184. The fastest-growing category of HIV transmission and infection is among people who engage in: 
A. male homosexual sex. 
B. intravenous drug use. 
C. female homosexual sex. 
D. heterosexual sex.
Answer: D 
185. To reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with AIDS or another STD, people should: 
A. use condoms. 
B. not engage in high-risk sexual activity. 
C. avoid anal sex with new sexual partners. 
D. do all of the above.
Answer: D 
186. Psychologist Joh
Answer: C 
187. Flooding refers to _____, and stonewalling refers to _____. 
A. being emotionally overwhelmed; withdrawing in order to contain uncomfortable emotion 
B. avoiding emotional encounters; seeking emotional encounters 
C. withdrawing in order to contain uncomfortable emotions; being emotionally overwhelmed 
D. seeking emotional encounters; avoiding emotional encounters 
Answer: A 
188. During a heated argument with his spouse, Sean experienced high levels of physiological arousal, felt out of control, and became visibly upset.  Sean experienced: 
A. stonewalling. 
B. dyspareunia. 
C. flooding. 
D. paraphilia. 
Answer: C 
189. Mike's typical response during any interpersonal conflict with his spouse is to withdraw in order to contain his uncomfortable emotions.  Mike is using: 
A. flooding. 
B. disentanglement. 
C. dyspareunia. 
D. stonewalling. 
Answer: D 
190. Psychologist John Gottman and his colleagues have studied hundreds of married couples.  Gottman has found that: 
A. men typically suppress and contain their emotions, whereas women tend to express their emotions. 
B. the happiest couples are free of any conflicts. 
C. there are virtually no differences in how men and women handle conflict in a relationship. 
D. men often become the "emotion managers" in the relationship. 
Answer: A 
191. Psychologist John Gottman and his colleagues have studied how hundreds of married couples handle conflicts in their relationships.  Gottman has found that during a conflict: 
A. the male is more likely to be the first to become flooded by his emotions. 
B. the female is more likely to be the first to become flooded by her emotions. 
C. flooding intensifies the male's desire to express his emotions. 
D. the female typically reacts by immediately stonewalling her partner. 
Answer: A 
192. Which of the following is NOT one of John Gottman's suggestions for improving communication and conflict resolution in marriages and other relationships? 
A. Become more aware of gender differences in handling emotional and relationship conflicts. 
B. The male should try to avoid conflict with his female partner at all times. 
C. Avoid personal attacks in raising issues that need to be resolved. 
D. Call a 30-minute time out if either partner begins to feel overwhelmed by his or her emotions. 
Answer: B 
193. In order to break the vicious circle of flooding-stonewalling-flooding, couples should: 
A. ignore the gender differences in handling emotion and focus instead on their own emotional needs. 
B. call a time-out period whenever either person begins to feel overwhelmed or in danger of flooding. 
C. continue the argument until one person emerges as the clear-cut winner. 
D. use physical means, such as breaking dishes or grabbing your partner, when he or she becomes emotional. 
Answer: B 
194. During a heated debate with her husband, Natalie suggested that they take a 30-minute intermission and resume the discussion after the break.  Natalie is using a technique called: 
A. stonewalling. 
B. time out. 
C. flooding. 
D. conflict escalation. 
Answer: B