In general, an individual's ______________ can be defined as the way they respond emotionally, cognitively and behaviorally in various situations.    
 pathology   
 conscious   
 self-concept   
 * personality   
    

2. Some critics look at behaviors which are considered indicative of a personality disorder as:    
 being under voluntary control and therefore criminal and not pathological.   
 * normal differences in adjustment within the accepted range of behavior.   
 extremely serious pathologies that require some form of medical intervention.   
 not serious or important enough to be viewed as disorders.   
    

3. The personality disorders are located in __________ of the DSM-IV, which sets then apart from the clinical disorders.    
 Axis I   
 * Axis II   
 Axis III   
 Axis IV   
    

4. The behaviors seen in the personality disorders are classified as symptoms and not simply normal differences in adjustment because:    
 they are uncommon.   
 they are atypical.   
 * they are disruptive or harmful to the individual and/or others.   
 they generally lead to more serious disorders.   
    

5. Which of the following are criteria that separate individuals who have personality disorders from those who do not?    
 incarceration or hospitalization   
 medication or therapy   
 atypical or uncommon behaviors   
 * extreme behaviors or prolonged problems with functioning    
    

6. All of the following are factors which distinguish persons who have personality disorders from those who do not, with the exception of:    
 consistent use of an inappropriate behavior.   
 engaging in extreme levels of a particular behavior.   
 * engaging in unusual or uncommon behavior.   
 serious problems with functioning as a result of a particular behavior.    
    

7. Which of the following are personality disorders listed in Cluster A of the DSM-IV and could be described as odd or eccentric?    
 borderline and avoidant personality disorder   
 schizotypal and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder   
 histrionic and paranoid personality disorder   
 * paranoid and schizoid personality disorder   
    

8. An unwarranted suspicion and mistrust of people that persists even when there is no evidence for concern, describes ___________ personality disorder.    
 * paranoid   
 antisocial   
 avoidant   
 schizoid   
    

Henry works extremely hard, but has trouble getting along with his co-workers. He finds it difficult to cooperate on projects that require group participation, tends to be distant and argumentative and often feels that others are trying to undermine his position in the company. Henry has a _____________ personality disorder.    
 schizoid   
 borderline   
 antisocial   
 * paranoid   
    

10. A persistent, vague feeling of being threatened, combined with consistent misgivings about the motivations of others, would constitute a ______________ personality disorder.    
 antisocial   
 schizoid   
 * paranoid   
 avoidant   
    

11. A schizoid personality disorder is best described as:    
 * a lack of interest in other people or social relationships.   
 an unwarranted mistrust and suspicion of other people.   
 consistent instability in relationships with others and erratic impulsive behavior.   
 irresponsible, aggressive and impulsive behavior towards others.   
    

12. Terrence lives by himself in a small house on the outskirts of town. His parents are deceased and he has little contact with the rest of his family, all of whom live in a different state. He doesn't associate with people, with the exception of limited interactions at work, and is perfectly content to be alone. Terrence best fits the description of an individual with:    
 * schizoid personality disorder.   
 borderline personality disorder.   
 avoidant personality disorder.   
 antisocial personality disorder.   
    

13. An individual who demonstrates a persistent disinterest in others, shows a lack of expression and often fails to engage in social pleasantries might be considered as having:    
 antisocial personality disorder.   
 * schizoid personality disorder.   
 avoidant personality disorder.   
 borderline personality disorder.   
    

14. Persons with ___________ personality disorder have symptoms that are reminiscent of schizophrenia, but not as severe.    
 * schizotypal   
 schizoid   
 paranoid   
 avoidant   
    

15. Clayborne Jeffries is a wild looking individual who generally ignores the finer elements of personal hygiene. He often mutters to himself and has the unusual habit of simultaneously tapping the side of his nose with his index finger and jerking his head. He is awkward around people and tends to shy away, but despite his eccentricities seems to have a tenable grasp on reality. Clayborne best fits the description of an individual with:    
 * schizotypal personality disorder.   
 schizoid personality disorder.   
 borderline personality disorder.   
 antisocial personality disorder.   
    

16. A person who engages in eccentric behaviors, harbors illusory beliefs and is generally socially isolated and seemingly unconcerned about their appearance would likely fit into the __________ category of personality disorders.    
 * schizotypal   
 schizoid   
 antisocial   
 borderline   
    

Which of the following are personality disorders listed in Cluster B of the DSM-IV and could be described as erratic or emotional?    
 schizotypal and borderline   
 obsessive-compulsive and antisocial   
 * histrionic and narcissistic   
 narcissistic and paranoid   
    

18. Individuals with ______________ personality disorder have a poor sense of self, are emotionally unstable and inconsistent in their relationships with others.    
 * borderline   
 antisocial   
 schizoid   
 narcissistic   
    

19. Self-mutilation is a fairly common symptom seen in persons who have ___________ personality disorder.    
 schizoid   
 * borderline   
 obsessive-compulsive   
 histrionic   
    

20. Deirdre spent the night in jail after getting arrested for driving while intoxicated. She was released the following morning and on a whim hopped a plane to San Francisco where she met a man with whom she spent the weekend and subsequently decided to co-habitate with. She best fits the description of a person with:    
 * borderline personality disorder.   
 dependent personality disorder.   
 histrionic personality disorder.   
 schizotypal personality disorder.   
    

21. Karla and Raymond have been seeing one another for about 6 months, but Raymond is getting ready to end the relationship. He is tired of Karla's inconsistent behavior toward him. One day she expresses her undying love, and the next tells him to get lost. The worst is when she accuses him of abandoning her, when she clearly initiates all their separations. Karla likely suffers from:    
 narcissistic personality disorder.   
 histrionic personality disorder.   
 avoidant personality disorder.   
 * borderline personality disorder.   
    

22. Because of the inconsistency in their lives, persons with borderline personality disorder are thought to have a problem with:    
 their hormonal levels.   
 * their self-image.   
 issues stemming from their childhood.   
 their sensory perceptions.     
    

23. Individuals with borderline personality disorder report that they self-mutilate in an attempt to:    
 * make themselves feel real.   
 make themselves feel pain.   
 attract the attention of others.   
 work up the courage to end their lives.   
    

24. Research indicates that individuals with borderline personality disorder have intermittent periods during which they experience:    
 dissociations.   
 memory loss.   
 * thought disturbances.   
 hallucinations.   
    

Which of the following best indicates the emotional state of persons with borderline personality disorder?    
 feeling angry and distrustful much of the time   
 feeling anxious or fearful much of the time   
 feeling aggressive and hostile much of the time   
 * feeling empty and hollow much of the time   
    

26. After burning a sizable portion of her arm with a cigarette lighter, the individual cited in case study 12.1 experienced:    
 * a release from emotional pain.   
 intense physical pain.   
 remorse over having burned herself.   
 an emotional high similar to that experienced after an intense, physical workout.   
    

27. Persons with _____________ personality disorder have an intense need always to be the center of attention and often act in overly dramatic and emotional ways.    
 * histrionic   
 dependent   
 borderline   
 narcissistic   
    

28. You meet Julia at a party. She is extremely animated and a lot of fun. She flirts with many people and seems to thrive on the attention, but never stays around one person long enough to ignite a serious flirtation. Julia's behavior best fits the description of:    
 dependent personality disorder.   
 * histrionic personality disorder.   
 borderline personality disorder.   
 obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.   
    

29. A person who tends to be stormy, flirtatious and changeable, and whose behaviors are easily swayed with an aim toward garnering optimal attention, would likely have a:    
 borderline personality disorder.   
 narcissistic personality disorder.   
 dependent personality disorder.   
 * histrionic personality disorder.   
    

30. Histrionic personality disorders are characterized by:    
 social apathy and paranoia.   
 eccentric behavior and anxiety.   
 compulsive and erratic behaviors.   
 * emotional shallowness.   
    

31. Persons with ____________ personality disorder have a grandiose sense of their own importance.    
 * narcissistic   
 histrionic   
 schizoid   
 antisocial   
    

32. Miles doesn't understand how Camille could possibly have rejected him. He wonders how she could refuse a date with someone as charming, witty and good-looking as himself. He thinks at the very least she should have given herself the opportunity to be seen out with him. Miles possibly has a ________________ personality disorder.    
 histrionic   
 borderline   
 * narcissistic   
 dependent   
    

33. Which of the following descriptors best fit narcissistic personality disorder?    
 unstable and impulsive   
 shallow and needy   
 * demanding and self-absorbed   
 irresponsible and uninterested   
    

Individuals with ___________ personality disorder are smart, capable and charming, but they lack the ability to feel anxiety or remorse and tend to take advantage of others' good will.    
 borderline   
 * antisocial   
 avoidant   
 schizoid   
    

35. Price can be a lot of fun to be around, but he is self-centered and insensitive to the needs of others and shows no anxiety or remorse for his inappropriate behaviors. He likely has:    
 * antisocial personality disorder.   
 narcissistic personality disorder.   
 schizoid personality disorder.   
 avoidant personality disorder.    
    

36. A person diagnosed as having antisocial personality disorder would likely exhibit all of the following characteristics with the exception of:    
 impassivity.   
 * remorse.   
 a lack of anxiety.   
 a charming personality.   
    

37. Individuals with _______________ are interpersonally destructive and emotionally harmful, but often avoid the consequences of their actions as they are also charming and engaging.    
 borderline personality disorder   
 histrionic personality disorder   
 * antisocial personality disorder   
 narcissistic personality disorder   
    

38. The text presented the case study of Doug, an individual with antisocial personality disorder. He is fairly typical of individuals with APD as he:    
 had poor social skills.   
 * had the ability to convince others of his innocence.    
 had not been convicted of a crime.   
 did not exhibit antisocial behaviors until early adulthood.    
    

39. Individuals with APD do not usually engage in physical aggression, but there is a subset of persons with antisocial personality disorder who do act aggressively. These acts of aggression:    
 are usually fairly mild.   
 * are generally extreme and senseless.   
 are the only behaviors in these individuals that have been shown to invoke remorse.   
 are always random and spontaneous.   
    

40. In many situations individuals with APD are able to avoid punishment by talking their way out of it, but when that is not possible and they are punished:    
 the punishment usually has a profound effect and their behavior improves.   
 they seem to exhibit true remorse and regret.   
 * the punishment appears to have no effect.   
 they become worse in terms of social aggression than they were before the punishment.   
    

41. Janice has antisocial personality disorder. She has broken the law and been jailed many times, but continues to commit the same offenses. This is because persons with antisocial personality disorder:    
 are of limited intellectual ability.   
 generally do not work, so must turn to crime for support.   
 require prompt and repeated punishment before they incur any benefit.   
 * appear unable to benefit from punishment.    
    

The incidence of antisocial personality disorder among the male prison population is estimated to be about:    
 30%.   
 90%.   
 15%.   
 * 69%.   
    

43. Antisocial personality disorder is more common in males than females and seems to be at its height during:    
 * adolescence and early adulthood.   
 early and middle adulthood.   
 middle and late adulthood.   
 none of the above.   
    

44. Pearce is Sixteen and has antisocial personality disorder. He has repeatedly been caught shoplifting. The last time he was informed that if he was caught stealing again he would be removed from his parents' custody and sent to a juvenile home. What effect will this threat likely have on Pearce?    
 In the face of unavoidable consequences, he will begin to rethink his actions and stop stealing.   
 He will become more aggressive and probably start committing more serious crimes.   
 * He will not be affected and probably will continue to shoplift with no anxiety about being caught.   
 He will realize he has a problem and attempt to seek treatment.   
    

45. The lack of guilt and anxiety demonstrated by individuals with antisocial personality disorder is thought to be a result of:    
 bad parenting.   
 physical injury.   
 classical conditioning.   
 * an inability to be classically conditioned.   
    

46. Which of the following is considered the reason why persons with antisocial personality disorder do not classically condition well?    
 * low levels of arousal in brain areas associated with emotion   
 high levels of arousal in brain areas associated with emotion   
 low levels of activity in brain areas associated with sensation   
 high levels of activity in brain areas associated with perception   
    

47. Low levels of arousal in brain areas associated with emotion lead to a lack of anxiety and a lack of classically conditioned avoidance responses in individuals with:    
 borderline personality disorder.   
 schizoid personality disorder.   
 * antisocial personality disorder.   
 histrionic personality disorder.   
    

48. The term sociopath was introduced to describe persons with APD because it was thought their behavior was a direct result of:    
 social pressures.   
 peer pressures.   
 poor social adjustment.   
 * bad parenting.   
    

49. The terms psychopath and sociopath, although widely used, are not listed in the DSM-IV because, unlike the diagnostic heading "antisocial personality disorder" they:    
 * imply causality.   
 are not descriptive enough.   
 have no meaning.   
 imply a lack of personal responsibility.   
    

Research indicates that artificially decreasing neurological activity in areas of the brain responsible for emotion will:    
 also decrease the symptoms of APD.   
 increase the occurrence of classically conditioned responses.   
 increase the likelihood of establishing a classically conditioned response.   
 * increase the symptoms of APD.   
    

51. High levels of ______________ are linked to the aggressive behavior sometimes seen in individuals with APD.    
 * testosterone   
 androgen   
 oxytocin   
 neurological activity   
    

52. There are indications that individuals who have APD also have low levels of serotonin, which could directly explain their:    
 lack of anxiety.   
 * impulsivity.   
 lack of guilt.   
 aggressive behavior.   
    

53. In one investigation, the classical conditioning of adolescents was measured. Ten years later the individuals who were most likely to engage in antisocial behavior were those who had shown:    
 normal classical conditioning.   
 delayed conditioning.   
 optimal classical conditioning.   
 * poor classical conditioning.   
    

54. Persons with antisocial personality disorder have a deficit in the ability to develop:    
 * classically conditioned anxiety.   
 observational responses.   
 displaced aggression.   
 all of the above.   
    

55. EEG recordings from persons with the antisocial personality disorder reflect unusually slow wave electrical activity in the:    
 corpus callosum.   
 * limbic system.   
 hindbrain.   
 cerebral cortex.   
    

56. Terry suffers from serious depression. He also has antisocial personality disorder and a history of trouble with the law stemming from his impulsive behavior. If he were to seek treatment for his depression and begin taking antidepressant medication, it is likely:    
 neither his depression nor his impulsive behavior would improve.   
 his depression would possibly improve, but his APD would not be affected.   
 his depression would improve, but his APD would become worse.   
 * his depression would improve and he would show a decrease in impulsive behavior.   
    

57. Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce impulsive behaviors in persons with antisocial personality disorder?    
 Haldol   
 Xanax   
 * Prozac   
 Clozaril   
    

58. The case of Phineas Gage, the construction worker who had a tamping rod blown through his cheek and out the top of his head, illustrates the influence of the ________________ on personality.    
 neocortex   
 * prefrontal cortex   
 paleocortex   
 hindbrain   
    

A study of individuals with antisocial personality disorder revealed that the prefrontal area of their brains were:    
 on average, almost 50% larger than other people.   
 on average, almost 10% larger than other people.   
 more than 50% smaller than other people.   
 * more than 10% smaller than other people.   
    

60. Which of the following are personality disorders listed in Cluster C of the DSM-IV and could be categorized as anxious or fearful?    
 paranoid and schizoid personality disorder   
 borderline and histrionic personality disorder   
 avoidant and schizotypal personality disorder   
 * dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder   
    

61. Individuals with ____________ personality disorder are exceptionally sensitive to potential social rejection and humiliation.    
 * avoidant   
 schizoid   
 dependent   
 narcissistic   
    

62. A person suffering from ______________ personality disorder will likely have low self-esteem and also suffer from anxiety and depression because of their inability to satisfy their need for closeness.    
 schizoid   
 antisocial   
 dependent   
 * avoidant   
    

63. Darwin spends much of his time alone. He would like to have friends, but feels he is not interesting enough for someone to want to get to know him. He doesn't want to risk finding out if he is right, so he doesn't attempt to establish friendships. Darwin most likely suffers from:    
 * avoidant personality disorder.   
 dependent personality disorder.   
 schizoid personality disorder.   
 paranoid personality disorder.    
    

64. Someone who spent much of their time worrying about what others thought of them, but never got emotionally close enough to anyone to put their worries to the test would probably have:    
 schizoid personality disorder.   
 * avoidant personality disorder.   
 borderline personality disorder.   
 antisocial personality disorder.   
    

65. Individuals with ____________ personality disorder actively avoid making decisions and taking responsibility, preferring instead to let others take care of things.    
 avoidant   
 histrionic   
 * dependent   
 antisocial   
    

66. Tammy is willing to go along with anything her boyfriend, Russ, decides. She never argues with him, not even when he picks a fight with her. She just cries and agrees with whatever he says. Tammy possibly has a(n):    
 avoidant personality disorder.   
 histrionic personality disorder.   
 * dependent personality disorder.   
 borderline personality disorder.    
    

Someone with ____________ would be unwilling to voice an opinion or argue with others for fear of disrupting their relationships. They would also prefer to let others make choices for them.    
 avoidant personality disorder   
 * dependent personality disorder   
 schizoid personality disorder   
 paranoid personality disorder   
    

68. Keeping in mind the disorder probably stems from a lack of confidence, it is possible that overly dependent people are attempting to avoid _____________ by never initiating anything and always letting others make the decisions.    
 * criticism   
 work   
 frustration   
 self knowledge   
    

69. Organization, preparedness and control are all watch-words for individuals who have:    
 narcissistic personality disorder.   
 dependent personality disorder.   
 antisocial personality disorder.   
 * obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.   
    

70. Seneca is supposed to be at an interview for a television anchor position at 8:30 a.m. It is now 7:50 a.m. and she has just finished rearranging the cosmetics on her vanity table, laying out her wardrobe for the day and setting out her bath supplies in the order she will need them. She has been getting ready for this interview for a week, and now has 40 minutes to shower, get dressed, do her make-up and drive across town. Seneca's behavior best fits an example of:    
 * obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.   
 narcissistic personality disorder.   
 histrionic personality disorder.   
 dependent personality disorder.   
    

71. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder differs from obsessive-compulsive disorder in that:    
 the obsessions and compulsions are milder in form.   
 it tends to fade with age.   
 it only involves obsessions and compulsions which revolve around orderliness.   
 * it does not actually involve obsessions and compulsions.   
    

72. All of the following are characteristics of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder with the exception of:    
 * obsessions and compulsions.   
 hoarding behaviors.   
 orderliness and control.   
 organization and preparation.   
    

73. Which of the following personality disorders are considered to be less severe forms of other mental disorders?    
 avoidant and dependent personality disorder   
 * borderline and schizoid personality disorder   
 schizotypal and paranoid personality disorder   
 antisocial and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder   
    

74. All of the following are factors that connect schizotypal personality disorder to schizophrenia and would seem to indicate it is a lesser form of schizophrenia, with the exception of:    
 Individuals with schizotypal disorder show the same problems with brain structures.   
 Individuals with schizotypal disorder experience similar, but less severe thought disturbances.   
 * Individuals with schizotypal disorder experience delusions and hallucinations.   
 Prenatal problems that have been linked to schizophrenia are also important in schizotypal disorder.   
    

The main symptoms involved in schizoid personality disorder appear to be mild forms of:    
 the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.   
 * the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.   
 the mania seen in bipolar disorder.   
 the depression seen in bipolar disorder.   
    

76. There is a growing body of evidence that the new _______________ are effective for treating the cognitive symptoms of schizotypal and borderline disorders.    
 tricyclics   
 benzodiazapines   
 SSRI's   
 * atypical neuroleptics   
    

77. It is likely that the behaviors seen in the personality disorders which cannot be explained as forms of other more serious disorders are:    
 * exaggerations of normal personality traits.   
 within the range of normal personality traits and not deviant.   
 largely inherited and as such, not deviant.   
 impossible to explain.    
    

78. Symptoms seen in ___________ result from difficulties coping with stressors in the environment.    
 personality disorders   
 * adjustment disorders   
 impulse disorders   
 avoidance disorders   
    

79. Which of the following sets of symptom types are involved in adjustment disorders?    
 depression, delusions and behavioral symptoms   
 thought disorders, anxiety and paranoia   
 conduct, anxiety and flat affect   
 * depression, conduct and anxiety   
    

80. The criterion for being diagnosed with an adjustment disorder is:    
 * an emotional or behavioral response exceeding that expected from exposure to a stressor.   
 a strong response to a serious stressor.   
 a profound emotional or behavioral response after exposure to several stressors.   
 a prolonged disruption of function in excess of six months after exposure to a stressor.   
    

81. Since the DSM-IV does not provide a checklist of symptoms or guidelines for making a diagnosis of adjustment disorder, all diagnoses of this disorder are:    
 objective and therefore not valid.   
 * subjective and therefore unreliable.   
 subjective and therefore not valid.   
 probably inaccurate.   
    

82. Adjustment disorders appear to be minor forms of:    
 * depressive and anxiety disorders.   
 bipolar and personality disorders.   
 phobic and delusional disorders.   
 depressive and personality disorders.   
    

83. Adjustment disorders are reclassified to something more serious if symptoms last longer than ________ after the stressor which triggered the disorder has terminated.    
 1 year   
 * 6 months   
 3 months   
 1 month   
    

Most individuals with adjustment disorder are treated with:    
 * counseling.   
 antianxiety medication.   
 antidepressant medication.   
 behavior therapy.   
    

85. Adolescents who are diagnosed as having an adjustment disorder have a(n) ________ possibility of developing a more serious disorder as compared to adults diagnosed with adjustment disorders.    
 lesser   
 * greater   
 equal   
 negligible   
    

86. Shane is 14 and has been having a difficult time since the death of his grandfather. He has been listless and depressed for almost a month, and spends a lot of time alone in his room. Studies involving adolescents with adjustment disorder indicate that Shane is:    
 in the initial stages of major depressive disorder.   
 reacting normally; adjustment disorders do not occur before the age of 18.   
 * possibly exhibiting symptoms of a more serious disorder that is beginning to develop.   
 experiencing mood swings caused by hormonal fluctuations.   
    

87. Which statement concerning the role of drug treatments in adjustment disorders is accurate?    
 * In most cases the symptoms are not serious enough to warrant the use of drug therapy.   
 In most cases the treatments of choice are mild dosages of antianxiety medication.   
 Generally, bicyclic antidepressants are prescribed because they promote fewer side effects.   
 Either antidepressant or antianxiety medication is usually prescribed, but for a shorter period of time than would be the case for a more serious disorder.   
    

88. Adjustment disorders stem primarily from ____________ origins.    
 familial   
 internal   
 * external   
 societal   
    

89. Research indicates the prognosis for adults suffering from adjustment disorders is generally:    
 very poor.   
 variable.   
 * fairly good.   
 unpredictable.   
    

90. In making a diagnosis of adjustment disorder, it is necessary to include qualifiers in the form of:    
 * the type or types of symptoms involved.   
 the social background of the individual receiving the diagnosis.   
 the occupation of the individual receiving the diagnosis.   
 the type and number of stressors preceding the disorder.   
    

91. ______________ disorders are characterized by the inability to resist an urge to engage in in behaviors that are dangerous to oneself or to others.    
 Social-Adjustment   
 Personality-Control   
 * Impulse-Control   
 Behavioral-Adjustment   
    

92. Individuals with impulse-control disorders sometimes feel a sense of ____________ right before they engage in an impulsive act and __________ when they are finished.    
 anxiety; relief   
 depression; relief   
 satisfaction; guilt   
 * tension; gratification   
    

Individuals who engage in impulsive behaviors often feel ___________ when they are finished.    
 * gratification   
 relief   
 guilt   
 depression   
    

94. Which of the following individuals most likely has intermittent explosive disorder?    
 Johnny jumped out of his car and kicked the tire that had failed him on the freeway.   
 Angus is angry and yelling at his dog for digging holes in the flower beds.   
 * Don yelled and banged the table after his 4-year-old son accidentally spilled his milk.   
 Jenny received a D on her paper and consequently ripped it in half and tossed it in the trash.   
    

95. Persons with intermittent explosive disorder are also likely to suffer from:    
 delusions.   
 bipolar disorder.   
 * anxiety and depression.   
 antisocial personality disorder.   
    

96. A diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder is based specifically upon aggressive behavior that:    
 is unusual or atypical as compared to the general population.   
 should be under voluntary control but is not.   
 is criminal in nature.   
 * is extremely disproportionate to any justification in the environment.   
    

97. Individuals with kleptomania steal repeatedly because:    
 * the act apparently provides them with some form of emotional gratification.   
 they do not believe they will be caught.   
 they cannot afford to buy the items they are taking.   
 they sell the items for additional income.   
    

98. Individuals with kleptomania also tend to suffer from:    
 paranoid personality disorder.   
 approach/avoidance disorder.   
 delusions.   
 * depression.   
    

99. Which of the following statements concerning pyromania is the most accurate?    
 Persons with pyromania are mentally retarded.   
 Persons with pyromania often set fires for financial gain.   
 Persons with pyromania also suffer from borderline personality disorder.   
 * Persons with pyromania set fires because the act provides them a release from tension.   
    

An arsonist who set fires for a living would most likely be diagnosed as having:    
 pyromania.   
 antisocial personality disorder.   
 borderline personality disorder.   
 * none of the above.   
    

Individuals who suffer from trichotillomania are also likely to suffer from:    
 mania.   
 anxiety.   
 * OCD.   
 APD.   
    

For individuals who suffer from trichotillomania, the act of pulling out a single hair induces:    
 * a sense of relief or pleasure.   
 a feeling of sexual arousal.   
 feelings of anxiety and guilt.   
 a release from pent-up hostility.   
    

The drugs that are effective for treating trichotillomania are also effective for treating OCD and depression, which implies a link through the neurotransmitter:    
 * serotonin.   
 norepinephrine.   
 acetylcholine.   
 dopamine.   
    

Which of the following drug types has been shown to be effective for treating individuals who suffer from trichotillomania?    
 tricyclic antidepressants   
 * SSRIs   
 benzodiazapines   
 atypical neuroleptics   
    

______________ therapy has proven to be effective for treating individuals who suffer from trichotillomania.    
 * Response prevention   
 Rational emotive   
 Psychoanalytic   
 Hypnosis   
    

In order to be diagnosed as a pathological gambler, an individual would have to:    
 * gamble to make up a previous loss, then lie about it and rely on others to bail them out.   
 spend a lot of time gambling.   
 get excited about winning and depressed about losing.   
 lose more money than they can afford.   
    

Compulsive gamblers are often prone to:    
 substance abuse.   
 engage in potentially life-threatening behaviors.   
 be depressed.   
 * all of the above.   
    

An individual diagnosed as a pathological gambler would be most likely also to suffer from:    
 borderline personality disorder.   
 narcissistic personality disorder.    
 * antisocial personality disorder.   
 paranoid personality disorder.   
    

All of the following are impulse-control disorders EXCEPT:    
 * OCD.   
 pyromania.   
 intermittent explosive disorder.   
 kleptomania.   
    

Because of their links to OCD and depression, it is thought that impulse-control disorders may result from:    
 structural abnormalities in the cortex.   
 low levels of dopamine.   
 high levels of norepinephrine.   
 * low levels of serotonin.   
    

Experimental studies with rats indicate that low levels of serotonin can lead to an increase in ____________ behaviors.    
 aggressive   
 defensive   
 phobic   
 * impulsive   
    

Impulse-control behaviors have been most successfully treated with:    
 behavioral therapies.   
 tricyclic antidepressants.   
 * bicyclic antidepressants.   
 benzodiazapines.   
    

Individuals who have long histories of impulsive behaviors show substantial reductions in that behavior when they are treated with:    
 MAO Inhibitors.   
 response prevention therapy.   
 atypical neuroleptics.   
 * SSRIs.   
    

The notion that low levels of serotonin may lead to impulsivity may explain the underlying cause of impulse control disorders, but it cannot explain:    
 why depression often accompanies the disorder.   
 * why different individuals engage in different impulsive acts.   
 why eating disorders are sometimes linked to the disorder.   
 why antidepressant drugs are an effective treatment.    
    

For now it remains a mystery as to why an individual develops a particular impulse-control disorder; however, there is a possibility that ____________ may play a role.    
 * experience   
 genetics   
 hormones   
 culture   
    

Borderline, paranoid and schizotypal personality disorder can all be found in Cluster A of the DSM-IV.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder are often loners, have little or no regard for others, and no need for interpersonal contact.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

Lonna is impulsive, often depressed or angry and has trouble maintaining a relationship. She can't decide from day to day whether she loves or hates her boyfriend. Lonna likely has borderline personality disorder.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Persons diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder may actually be suffering from mild forms of schizophrenia, depressive disorder and impulse-control disorder.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Individuals with histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders are similar in that they both require excessive amounts of attention.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

In extreme cases individuals with APD do not benefit from punishment, but punishment does lead to improved behavior for those with less severe forms of APD.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

Individuals who have antisocial personality disorder are not curable and spend their entire lives trying to avoid the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

It is quite likely that decreased neurological arousal in the limbic system leads to the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

High levels of testosterone increase aggression and low levels of serotonin reduce inhibitions, both of which have been seen in persons with antisocial personality disorder.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder differs from OCD in that the compulsions and obsessions seen in it are not nearly so pronounced or severe.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

Persons who suffer from schizotypal disorder are likely to have biological relatives who suffer from schizophrenia.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Genetics are important in the development of personality, accounting for about 75% of the the observed differences.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

Studies indicate that young women are most likely to engage in self-mutilation and that the behavior is most likely to begin in adolescence.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Individuals who engage in self-mutilation use it as a form of self-control and a release from psychological pain.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Studies on aggression indicate that some individuals are more aggressive than others because they misinterpret the acts of others as being hostile.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

In one study, female prisoners who had committed violent crimes were found to have high levels of the "male" hormone testosterone.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Research indicates that adjustment disorders, although generally triggered by an outside influence, are primarily the result of a neurological imbalance.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

Adjustment disorders which occur early in life are usually considered initial symptoms of a serious psychological disorder, such as major depression or schizophrenia.    
 True   
 * False   
    
    
    

The impulse-control disorder, trichotillomania, is sometimes seen in young children, but most tend to grow out of it.    
 * True   
 False   
    
    
    

Because the impulse-control disorders are linked to OCD, they are often successfully treated using response prevention therapy.    
 True   
 * False