BI101J, UNSEEN LIFE ON EARTH, QUIZ 6

The use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to insert genes into a plant cell is an example of
 * genetic engineering.
 the infectious nature of some viruses.
 a pandemic.
 an epidemic.
 none of the above

Cassava mosaic virus may be transmitted by
 grafting.
 white flies.
 contact of roots.
 * all of the above
 none of the above

Cassava mosaic virus causes
 intestinal upset and diarrhea.
 high fever and encephalitis.
 * damage to the plant’s photosynthetic parts.
 destruction of the patient’s immune system.
 none of the above 

Genetic engineering resistance to the cassava mosaic virus
 * could help prevent famine.
 could help prevent thousands of cases of encephalitis.
 could prevent the transmission of several mosquito-borne diseases.
 could prevent the contamination of the water supply.
 could produce new antibiotics.

Resistance to pesticides is similar to
 strong moral development.
 old socks.
 ostrich eggs.
 * antibiotic resistance.
 none of the above

The use of microbes as agents of warfare
 is a very old practice.
 includes the use of smallpox-carrying blankets given to Native Americans.
 includes the dumping of dead animals into wells.
 * all of the above
 none of the above

A greater understanding of microbes may help us to
 remove toxic wastes from the environment.
 feed more people.
 create edible vaccines.
 create new antibiotics.
 * all of the above

Eighty percent of the material (excluding water) inside a cell is composed of
 * proteins.
 DNA.
 RNA.
 lipids.
 carbohydrates.

Proteins function as
 structural components that form and support cells and organs.
 catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
 control and manage the rate of chemical reactions.
 control and manage the functioning of DNA.
 * all of the above

HIV infection may be detected by
 * a reduction in the number of T-lymphocytes.
 the onset of fever within a few days of infection.
 an increase in the production of enzymes in the gut.
 liver destruction.
 none of the above

Full-blown AIDS results in death most often because
 of the removal of bone calcium (=osteoporosis).
 * the immune system is unable to defend against opportunistic infections of fungi, bacteria and protozoans.
 the immune system overproduces T-lymphocytes.
 underproduction of red blood cells (acute anemia).
 none of the above

AIDS may also affect the central nervous system, causing
 * personality changes, dementia, intellectual incapacity.
 nerve deafness.
 Parkinson’s disease (hand tremors and difficulty walking/speaking).
 stroke.
 none of the above

The protozoan organism, Trypanosoma, reproduces in the
 gut.
 * cerebrospinal fluid.
 snails that transmit the disease.
 kidney.
 heart.

Reproduction of Trypanosoma results in
 * infection and inflammation of the material surrounding the brain.
 heart attacks.
 stroke.
 Kaposi’s sarcoma.
 none of the above.

The skin is considered
 * the first line of defense against infection with unfriendly bugs.
 relatively unimportant as a defense against infection.
 the source or red blood cells.
 the source of white blood cells.
 none of the above

The functions of macrophages include
 production of HIV.
 production of more red blood cells.
 production of more skin cells.
 * recognize, engulf, and digest invader cells.
 essential for the proper functioning of the mucociliary elevator.

Critique this sentence:  Lymphocytes recognize specific invaders.
 * True; molecules on their cell surfaces match and lock on to specific antigens.
 True; macrophages recognize the unique DNA of the invading bug.
 False; macrophages are nonspecific.
 False; macrophages do not have an immune system function.
 none of the above

Vaccines are effective because they
 provide a supply of educated macrophages.
 provide a supply of red blood cells.
 provide a supply of new skin cells for the production of educated lymphocytes.
 * educate the immune system by providing noninfectious molecules or weakened organisms that stimulate the immune system to make lymphocytes.
 none of the above

Emergent diseases are
 * ones to which we have had little or no prior exposure.
 ones that cause some pock marks to appear on the skin.
 ones that affect people that live in wet areas.
 ones that are vectored by mosquitoes.
 ones that are vectored by rodents.

The discovery of the disease reservoir of an emerging disease, such as the Ebola virus, would enable us to
 learn how reservoirs are contaminated.
 prevent nosocomial infections.
 end the AIDS pandemic.
 * learn where the pathogens are maintained between infections.
 all of the above