| A. | Domestic policy of Jimmy Carter | |||
| 1. | Cautious proposals for modifications of social policies long identified with the Democratic Party. | |||
| a. | Called for restructuring of welfare | |||
| b. | Advocated public "workfare" | |||
| i) | Congress opposed | |||
| ii) | Proposals abandoned | |||
| c. | Economic policy | |||
| i) | Tax cuts | |||
| ii) | Increased public-works spending | |||
| iii) | Increased inflation resulted | |||
| 2. | Environmental/energy programs | |||
| a. | Hoped to reduce U.S. reliance on foreign oil | |||
| b. | Advocated alternative forms of energy | |||
| c. | Met opposition on both sides¾oil producers in the United States and environmentalists | |||
| 3. | Failure of economic policies | |||
| B. | Domestic policies of Ronald Reagan | |||
| 1. | Supply-side economics | |||
| a. | Substantial tax cuts, especially for wealthier citizens, to spur economic growth through higher rates of investment | |||
| b. | Large-scale government spending in defense industries | |||
| 2. | After early economic slowdown, the beginning of the "Reagan boom" | |||
| a. | Eleven million new jobs created | |||
| b. | Many were minimum-wage, service-oriented positions, however | |||
| c. | Inflation reduced to 2 percent | |||
| 3. | Possible problems | |||
| a. | Federal deficit grew dramatically | |||
| b. | United States borrowed heavily abroad | |||
| c. | Critics charge economic growth not evenly distributed | |||
| 4. | Reagan attempts to "turn back clock" on Affirmative Action and social welfare policies | |||
| a. | Cut budgets for various social programs | |||
| b. | Helps set agendas that become part of 1994 "Contract with America" | |||
| A. | Iraqi invasion of Kuwait | |||
| 1. | Goals of Saddam Hussein | |||
| a. | Iraqi demand for oil | |||
| b. | Annexation of Kuwait | |||
| B. | U.S. response | |||
| 1. | Fear for fate of neighboring Saudi Arabia | |||
| a. | Desert Shield: U.S. troops sent to Saudi Arabia | |||
| b. | United Nations calls for international force to remove Saddam Hussein | |||
| 2. | 500,000 U.S. troops sent to Saudi Arabia for Operation Desert Storm | |||
| a. | President Bush outlines practical and idealistic reasons for military response | |||
| i) | Protection of oil supply | |||
| ii) | Halt an aggressive nation | |||
| b. | International participation | |||
| C. | Persian Gulf War | |||
| 1. | U.S. Air Force inflicts devastating bombing on Iraq | |||
| a. | U.S. leads ground offensive | |||
| b. | 25,000-100,000 Iraqi dead | |||
| c. | 148 U.S. battle deaths | |||
| 2. | Hussein agrees to cease-fire | |||
| a. | Iraq retreats from Kuwait | |||
| b. | Hussein left in power | |||
| A. | Reagan's anti-Communist stance | |||
| 1. | Publicly denounced the Soviet Union as "evil empire" | |||
| 2. | Continued criticism of Nicaragua's leftist Sandinista government | |||
| a. | Financed Contras¾rebels attempting to overthrow Nicaraguan government | |||
| b. | Military actions under Reagan | |||
| i) | Lebanon and Grenada | |||
| ii) | Libya | |||
| 3. | Iran-Contra "arms for hostages" | |||
| a. | Arms deals with Iran for release of hostages | |||
| b. | Public outcry when deal was uncovered | |||
| B. | Foreign policy under George Bush | |||
| 1. | End of the Cold War | |||
| a. | Disintegration of the Soviet Union | |||
| b. | Collapse of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe | |||
| 2. | Operation Just Cause | |||
| a. | Bush invades Panama | |||
| b. | Noriega arrested as drug trafficker | |||
| 3. | Persian Gulf War | |||
| a. | Iraqi invasion of Kuwait | |||
| b. | U.S./U.N. force attacks Iraqi troops (Operation Desert Storm) | |||
| c. | Iraq driven from Kuwait | |||
| A. | Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) | ||
| 1. | Post-Vietnam syndrome | ||
| 2. | Contradictory goals and approaches | ||
| a. | Cyrus Vance, behind-the-scenes diplomacy | ||
| b. | Zbigniew Brzezinski, hard-line confrontation | ||
| B. | Human rights policy | ||
| 1. | Philosophical rejection of alliances with repressive anti-Communists | ||
| 2. | Inconsistent application of human rights standards | ||
| 3. | Formal ties with Communist China | ||
| 4. | Fall of Somoza in Nicaragua | ||
| 5. | Response to Russian invasion of Afghanistan | ||
| C. | Ronald Reagan (1981-1989); escalating the rhetoric | ||
| 1. | Combating the "evil empire" | ||
| 2. | Increased military spending; "Star Wars" defense | ||
| 3. | Support for "democratic" revolutions around the world | ||
| 4. | Peacekeeping in Lebanon | ||
| 5. | Invasion of Granada | ||
| 6. | Support for the Contras in Nicaragua | ||
| 7. | Gorbachev ends the Cold War | ||
| D. | George Bush (1989-1993); restructuring | ||
| 1. | Collapse of the Soviet Union | ||
| 2. | Encouraging capitalism with economic aid | ||
| 3. | Decline of leftist influence in Central America | ||
| 4. | Turmoil in former Communist areas of Eastern Europe | ||
| 5. | Taking credit for the failure of Communism | ||