<QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION id='q1' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q2' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q3' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q4' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q5' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q6' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q7' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q8' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q9' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q10' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q11' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q12' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q13' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q14' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q15' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q16' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q17' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q18' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q19' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q20' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q21' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q22' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q23' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q24' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q25' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q26' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q27' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q28' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q29' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q30' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q31' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q32' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q33' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q34' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q35' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q36' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q37' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q38' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q39' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q40' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q41' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q42' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q43' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q44' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q45' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q46' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q47' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q48' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q49' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q50' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q51' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q52' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q53' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q54' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q55' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q56' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q57' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q58' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q59' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q60' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q61' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q62' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q63' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q64' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q65' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q66' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q67' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q68' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q69' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q70' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q71' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q72' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q73' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q74' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q75' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q76' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q77' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q78' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q79' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q80' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q81' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q82' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q83' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q84' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q85' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q86' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q87' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q88' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q89' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q90' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q91' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q92' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q93' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q94' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q95' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q96' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q97' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q98' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q99' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q100' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q101' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q102' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q103' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q104' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q105' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q106' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q107' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q108' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q109' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q110' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q111' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q112' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q113' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q114' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q115' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q116' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q117' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q118' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q119' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q120' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q121' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q122' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q123' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q124' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q125' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q126' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q127' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q128' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q129' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q130' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q131' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q132' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q133' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q134' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q135' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q136' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q137' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q138' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q139' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q140' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q141' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> </QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q1'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The "black codes"]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q1_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[restricted emigration of freedmen to the North.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[provided political and social opportunities unknown under slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[reduced freedmen to a condition close to slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were passed by the northern states.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[prevented blacks from migrating to the West.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q1_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q2'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q2_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[oversee relations between former masters and slaves.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[implement the process of land redistribution.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[deny access to legal redress for white southerners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[punish former slave holders.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[get the Fourteenth Amendment passed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q2_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q3'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following were part of the Fourteenth Amendment except it]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q3_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave all citizens equal protection of the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[funded the Confederate war debt.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[created a constitutional definition of citizenship.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave Congress broad powers to enforce the amendment.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[provided for equal protection under the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q3_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q4'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The election of 1866 revealed]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q4_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[strong support for Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the emergence of white "backlash" in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the increasing popularity of the Republican Party among southern whites.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the increasing popularity of the Democratic Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the belief among northerners that much more needed to be done to reconstruct the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q4_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q5'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Tenure of Office Act]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q5_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[angered congressmen by limiting their terms to two years.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[stated that a president could only hold office while in good standing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[required Senate approval before the president could remove a cabinet member.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was designed to implement the spoils system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[limited the president to two terms in office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q5_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q6'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q6_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[because of crimes and misdemeanors committed while he was president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the first time a president was forced to resign.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[in retaliation for his opposition to congressional reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[because of his failure to appoint a vice president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[because of his affair with an office worker.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q6_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q7'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following statements regarding the Fifteenth Amendment are true except it]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q7_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[prohibited states from denying the right to vote on grounds of race or color.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was popular among northern women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[encountered much resistance in the white South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was part of the congressional reconstruction plan.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was required by Congress that southern states ratify it.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q7_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q8'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The election of 1868]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q8_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[witnessed a referendum on the reconstruction policy of the Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saw the re-emergence of a powerful Democratic Party in the North.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[brought about the "end of Reconstruction."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[witnessed the election of southerners to important congressional positions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[proved that black suffrage made no difference in the outcome of elections.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q8_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q9'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant depended on this group for his presidential victory in 1868.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q9_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northern Democrats]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[southern Democrats]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[African Americans]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[National Union Party members]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[immigrants from Europe.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q9_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q10'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[One of the major political scandals of the Grant presidency involved]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q10_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Compromise of 1877.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the black codes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Central Pacific Railroad.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Specie Resumption Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Credit Mobilier.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q10_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q11'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The 1871 Treaty of Washington]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q11_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[resolved border disputes between the United States and Canada.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was a diplomatic solution to the unsuccessful attempt to annex Santo Domingo.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[settled U.S. claims against Britain for destruction of American shipping.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[resolved differences between the Confederacy and the Union.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[secured title to western lands from Native Americans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q11_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q12'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern whites regarded "Carpetbaggers" as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q12_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[traitors to their home region.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[noble and idealistic "modernizers" to the region's social structure.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[agents of an army of occupation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[incorruptible in political affairs.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supporters of white supremacy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q12_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q13'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q13_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[destroy the Republican Party in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[deny freedmen equal protection under the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[return black Americans to slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[dismantle the Democratic Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[take the South out of the Union.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q13_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q14'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant was guilty of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q14_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[standing in the way of congressional Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[participation in the "Whiskey Ring."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[unwise appointments of public officials.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lying to Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[treason.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q14_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q15'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____ was the presidential candidate nominated by both the Liberal Republicans and the Democratic Party in the election of 1872.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q15_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horatio Seymour]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel B. Tilden]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horace Greeley]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rutherford Hayes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q15_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q16'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q16_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supportive of the government's efforts to restructure the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[convinced that black Americans needed further protection from racist southern governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[weary of the turmoil of southern politics.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[weary of the federal government's failure to restructure the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supportive of black immigration to the North to meet their labor needs and to stop the upheaval in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q16_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q17'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The strategy known as the "Mississippi Plan" aimed to do all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q17_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[intimidate black voters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[force all southern whites to join the Democratic Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[end Republican rule in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[return confiscated land to former owners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[use economic coercion to control election outcomes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q17_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q18'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q18_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[removal of federal troops from southern states]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[appointment of a southern vice president]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[federal aid for a southern railroad]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[federal appropriations to rebuild war-destroyed levees.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[appointment of a southern postmaster general.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q18_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q19'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The idea of redistributing plantation land to freedmen was tried first by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q19_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Jefferson Davis.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Benjamin Wade.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[William T. Sherman.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Abraham Lincoln]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q19_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q20'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Scalawags were]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q20_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northerners who attempted to finance economic enterprises in the postwar South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[southern blacks attempting to exert their newly acquired political power.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[white, southern-born Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[white southerners who opposed reconstruction policies.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[criminals who stole public funds during Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q20_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q21'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Radical Republicans objected to Lincoln's initial Reconstruction plan because it]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q21_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[offered a presidential pardon to former Confederate political and military leaders.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not require the establishment of educational opportunities for freed people.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[restored the political rights of white men who had fought against the Union.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was too difficult to enforce.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave too many rights to freedmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q21_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q22'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson was all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q22_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a southern Democrat.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the only senator from a Confederate state who did not support the Confederacy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a supporter of yeoman farmers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a white supremacist.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a strong supporter of the planter aristocracy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q22_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q23'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Northern Republicans rejected the southern state governments set up under the Johnson Plan because they]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q23_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[elected ex-Confederate leaders to political office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[jeopardized Republican control of Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not offer full citizenship rights to freedmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not control the violence.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q23_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q24'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor system?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q24_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Black workers preferred working in gangs as they had done under slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The new system of sharecropping evolved.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Foreign immigrants were brought in to replace slave laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most ex-slaves purchased land and often employed their former masters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The economy quickly recovered from the ravages of war.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q24_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q25'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the Reconstruction period]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q25_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[thousands of ex-Confederate leaders were tried, imprisoned, and executed for war crimes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[each adult freedman was given "forty acres and a mule."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[three-fourths of the ex-slaves moved north to take advantage of higher wages there.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the illiteracy rate among southern blacks was reduced significantly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[most of the ex-slaves moved west.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q25_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q26'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In regard to civil rights, the Fourteenth Amendment]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q26_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[greatly expanded the federal government's powers and limited the authority of state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[extended citizenship to Native Americans (Indians).]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[reduced constitutional protection of minority rights.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[limited the power of the federal government and expanded the authority of state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave blacks the right to vote.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q26_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q27'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q27_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Senate sat as a court to try Johnson on charges drawn up by the House.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All the Republican senators voted for conviction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A three-fourths majority in both Houses was required to remove Johnson from office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The vote against him was unanimous.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Johnson voluntarily resigned before he could be removed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q27_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q28'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The new state constitutions drawn up in the South from 1867 to 1868]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q28_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[specifically prohibited segregated public schools.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were created in conventions dominated by northern black delegates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[included universal male suffrage.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were too conservative for liberal southern voters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were not influenced by Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q28_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q29'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q29_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[honesty and integrity of both state and federal officeholders.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[military efficiency and discipline in the executive branch of the government.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[mutual understanding between North and South, Democrats and Republicans, whites and blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[renewal of civil war.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[scandal and corruption at all levels of government.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q29_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q30'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Grant is generally considered]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q30_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a failure as president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an unsuccessful general.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a president with an unblemished record.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a very active president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[our smartest president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q30_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q31'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is not true of black political activity during Reconstruction?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q31_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most black voters were illiterate ex-slaves.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[More than 50 percent of high state and federal offices were held by blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Prominent black leaders were educated and most had been free prior to the Civil War.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A majority of black voters were members of the Republican Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Blacks served in both the US House of Representatives and the Senate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q31_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q32'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S. Supreme Court]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q32_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[strengthened the authority of federal officials in prosecuting individuals who violated the civil rights of blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[declared the military occupation of the South unconstitutional.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[banned racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[ordered the desegregation of public schools in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q32_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q33'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q33_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[prevent blacks from voting.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[revive slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[kill blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[destroy the Republican Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[force the withdrawal of federal troop from the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q33_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q34'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The term "bayonet rule" refers to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q34_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the use of threats and intimidation to prevent blacks from voting.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a requirement that all U.S. Army officers carry a bayonet while on guard duty.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the use of federal troops to support Republican state governments and black rights in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[civil rights leaders' call for mass arrests of Ku Klux Klan members.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the methods used by white southerners to regain control of their state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q34_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q35'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Compromise of 1877 signified]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q35_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a renewal of federal support for the civil rights of all Americans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the end of Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the decline of Democratic Party control of Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the end of the spoils system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q35_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q36'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Members of Abraham Lincoln's own party opposed his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction because]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q36_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it promised too much financial compensation to former Confederates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it didn't go far enough to force the Confederacy to pay its debts.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it granted too much land to freed people]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it left the door open to restrictive Southern measures to control former slaves.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it punished former Confederates too harshly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q36_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q37'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ones pushing for more reforms in the South in favor of African Americans were the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q37_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Radical Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Victory Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Peace Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Whigs.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q37_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q38'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The four southern states remaining under Republican control in 1875 were South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q38_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Georgia.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Louisiana.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[South Carolina.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Virginia.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Texas]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q38_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q39'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q39_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[define blacks as American citizens.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grant equal protection of the laws.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[guarantee the Confederate debt.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[disqualify a significant number of ex-Confederates from holding federal or state office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grant due process under the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q39_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q40'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson's National Union Party included all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q40_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[border state Unionists.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[freedmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[conservative Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[white supremacists]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q40_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q41'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main issue addressed by the 15<sup>th</sup> Amendment was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q41_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[housing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lynching.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[segregation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[civil rights.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[voting.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q41_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q42'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[At the height of Reconstruction, blacks held ____ percent of public offices.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q42_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[15-20]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[25-30]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[35-40]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[45-50]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90-95]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q42_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q43'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All the following statement regarding carpetbaggers are true except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q43_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they often brought considerable capital with them in hopes of investing in a New South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[most were Union Army officers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[few were college graduates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they sought to modernize the South's social structure and democratize its politics.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they hoped to establish the Republican Party in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q43_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q44'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q44_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[empower the president to send in federal troops to suppress armed resistance to federal law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[declare that any attempt to deprive another person of civil or political rights became a felony.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[classify interference with voting rights a federal offense.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[authorize martial law to guarantee racial harmony.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q44_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q45'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The majority of southern Republican voters were]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q45_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wealthy planters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[poor whites.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Native Americans]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q45_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q46'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Almost all of the blacks elected to the United States House and Senate during Reconstruction]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q46_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were illiterate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had attended secondary school.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were college graduates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had fought for the Confederacy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q46_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q47'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Panic of 1873 was primarily caused by which industry?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q47_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[mining]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[steel]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[textile]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cotton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q47_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q48'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The first state with a plan to eliminate black voting was which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q48_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Mississippi]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Alabama]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Louisiana]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Arkansas]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Texas]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q48_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q49'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The President could use federal troops to suppress resistance to federal law through the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q49_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Tenure of Office Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Civil Rights Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Voting Rights Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Force Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ku Klux Klan Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q49_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q50'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In response to the Hamburg Massacre, President Grant]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q50_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[sent in federal troops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[withdrew troops from the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decided not to run for a third term.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[encouraged the southern states to create their own militia units.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[organized black militia units.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q50_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q51'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Tilden was probably the real victor in the disputed election of 1876.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q51_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q51_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q51_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q52'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Wade-Davis Bill granted the franchise to black Americans.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q52_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q52_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q52_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q53'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gave states the option of enfranchising black males or losing seats in Congress.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q53_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q53_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q53_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q54'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson was openly critical of the southern planter class.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q54_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q54_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q54_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q55'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into an occupied territory under military command.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q55_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q55_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q55_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q56'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Bulldozing in several parts of the South during the presidential election of 1876 hurt Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q56_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q56_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q56_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q57'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Carpetbaggers were southerners who served Republican Reconstruction governments.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q57_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q57_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q57_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q58'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Blacks held a majority of public political offices in several southern states during Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q58_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q58_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q58_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q59'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Ku Klux Klan was created by former Confederate soldiers.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q59_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q59_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q59_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q60'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Under the Johnson Reconstruction Plan, no ex-Confederate state gave blacks the right to vote.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q60_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q60_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q60_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q61'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[White southerners' main complaint against the Freedmen's Bureau was that it was inefficient.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q61_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q61_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q61_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q62'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment encouraged southern states to enfranchise blacks but did not force them to do so.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q62_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q62_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q62_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q63'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Tennessee was the first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be "readmitted" to the union.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q63_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q63_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q63_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q64'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Under the U.S. Constitution, impeachment by the House removes an official from office.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q64_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q64_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q64_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q65'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The chief target of civil service reform was the spoils system.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q65_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q65_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q65_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q66'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Oneo f Grant's major problems as president was that he put too much trust in people under him.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q66_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q66_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q66_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q67'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Abraham Lincoln never encouraged freed people to emigrate to all-black countries like Haiti.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q67_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q67_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q67_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q68'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Crédit Mobilier Affair represents Grant's commitment to punishing corruption.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q68_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q68_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q68_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q69'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Wade-Davis bill proposed lenient loyalty requirements for Southern whites.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q69_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q69_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q69_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q70'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Abraham Lincoln vetoed the Wade-Davis bill after he had won reelection.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q70_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q70_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q70_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q71'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Radical Republicans in Congress initially believed that Andrew Johnson would support their program.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q71_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q71_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q71_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q72'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both major political party presidential candidates in 1876 were reformist governors.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q72_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q72_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q72_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q73'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of the postwar Southern state governments opposed the abolition of slavery.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q73_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q73_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q73_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q74'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Nearly all freed slaves continued to work for their former owners after the war.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q74_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q74_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q74_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q75'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Some black farmers were able to buy small plots of land.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q75_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q75_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q75_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q76'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson privately characterized his meeting with Frederick Douglass in hateful and racist language.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q76_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q76_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q76_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q77'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment dealt only with awarding the franchise to African Americans.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q77_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q77_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q77_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q78'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson got along well with Congress.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q78_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q78_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q78_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q79'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson advised Southern legislatures to accept the Fourteenth Amendment.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q79_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q79_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q79_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q80'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 embodied a true revolution.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q80_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q80_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q80_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q81'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By September 1867, blacks registered to vote outnumbered whites in the ten states covered by Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q81_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q81_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q81_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q82'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson removed Edwin M. Stanton from office because he supported congressional Reconstruction policy.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q82_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q82_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q82_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q83'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The new southern state constitutions written during the winter and spring of 1867-68 were among the most progressive in the nation.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q83_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q83_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q83_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q84'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the 1866 congressional election campaign, Republicans made clear that any ex-Confederate state that ratified the Fourteenth Amendment would be considered "reconstructed" and that its representatives and senators would be seated in Congress.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q84_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q84_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q84_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q85'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Without black enfranchisement, Ulysses S. Grant would have had a minority of the popular vote in 1868.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q85_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q85_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q85_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q86'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Politicians at all levels universally embraced civil service reform.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q86_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q86_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q86_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q87'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The "Southern Question" was the most intractable issue during Grant's two administrations.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q87_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q87_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q87_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q88'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most Southern Republicans were poor, illiterate, and property less; most Northern Republicans represented the most prosperous, educated, and influential elements of society.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q88_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q88_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q88_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q89'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Blacks held office in many states throughout the South in numbers far exceeding their proportion of the population.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q89_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q89_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q89_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q90'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Carpetbaggers held a disproportionate number of high political offices in southern state governments during Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q90_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q90_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q90_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q91'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Disputed election returns in the 1876 presidential election came from Louisiana, South Carolina, and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q91_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Florida</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q92'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Democratic Party policy of intimidating black voters to keep them away from the polls was called ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q92_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>bulldozing</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q93'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant's opponent in the election of 1868 was ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q93_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Horatio Seymour</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q94'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[White southerners who joined the Republican Party were called ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q94_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Scalawags</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q95'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The notorious massacre of black militiamen in Louisiana in 1873 was known as the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q95_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Colfax Massacre</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q96'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The agricultural system under which workers farmed land they did not own in return for part of the crop they produced was called ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q96_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>sharecropping</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q97'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The removal of ____________________ from the post of secretary of war triggered the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q97_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Edwin M. Stanton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q98'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Freed slaves expected ____________________ acres of land.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q98_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>40</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q99'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ Act established the modern structure of the civil service.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q99_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Pendelton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q100'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant suffered public criticism for its efforts to acquire ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q100_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Santo Domingo</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q101'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[About ____________________ percent of southern Republican voters were black.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q101_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>80</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q102'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ refers to paying workers with a share of the crop.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q102_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Share wages</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q103'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The 1915 Film ____________________ depicted Reconstruction and African Americans in a very negative way.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q103_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Birth of a Nation</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q104'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The linking of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad lines occurred in ____________________ Territory.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q104_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Utah</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q105'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ Amendment gave blacks the right to vote.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q105_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Fifteenth</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q106'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Johnson restored political and property rights to most former Confederate leaders by granting them ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q106_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>pardons</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q107'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The agency created to oversee relations between former slaves and their former masters during Reconstruction was the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q107_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Freedman's Bureau</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q108'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the northern Congressional elections of 1866 the ____________________ Party won sweeping victories.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q108_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Republican</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q109'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The congressional acts that divided the former Confederate states (except Tennessee) into five military districts, enfranchised black men, disenfranchised some Confederates, and called for new constitutional conventions were the ______________________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q109_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Reconstruction Acts of 1867</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q110'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In order for a Southern state to be declared reconstructed and its delegates seated in Congress, the state had to ratify the ____________________ Amendment.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q110_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Fourteenth</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q111'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Women suffrage leaders who opposed the Fifteenth Amendment were ____________________ and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q111_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q111_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q112'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ was a construction company for the Union Pacific Railroad that gave congressmen stock in return for land grants and loans from the government.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q112_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Crédit Mobilier</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q112_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>Credit Mobilier</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q113'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Johnson created the ____________________ Party.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q113_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>National Union</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q114'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ was a terrorist organization that attacked blacks and set out to destroy the Republican Party in the South.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q114_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Ku Klux Klan</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q115'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Republicans dissatisfied with Grant's administration who nominated Horace Greeley for President in 1872 called themselves the ____________________ Republicans.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q115_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Liberal</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q116'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The financier whose pyramid schemes collapsed in 1873 and helped touch off an economic collapse was ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q116_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Jay Cooke</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q117'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Republican governor of Mississippi who asked Grant to send troops to control whites' violent intimidation of black voters in that state during the election of 1875 was ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q117_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Adelbert Ames</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q118'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In ____________________, South Carolina, a battle between a black militia and the white Red Shirts led to the murder of several militiamen.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q118_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Hamburg</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q119'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1876 presidential election the Democrat ____________________ appeared to have won the election when the results were first in.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q119_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Samuel Tilden</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q120'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After the election of 1876 the Reconstruction Republican governments collapsed in the last two southern states, ____________________ and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q120_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Louisiana, South Carolina</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q120_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>South Carolina, Louisiana</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q121'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Crédit Mobilier</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q121_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad construction company that inflated building costs and bribed congressmen. Reflective of corrupt business activities of the Gilded Age.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q122'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Andrew Johnson</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q122_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[seventeenth president; opposed Radical Republicans on various Reconstruction issues. Impeached by the House of Representatives but ultimately acquitted by the Senate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q123'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Jay Cooke</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q123_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northern businessman who helped finance the Union war effort; his financial collapse precipitated the Panic of 1873.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q124'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Whiskey Ring</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q124_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[network of collusion among distillers and revenue agents that deprived the government of millions of tax dollars. Active during the presidential administration of Ulysses S. Grant. Contributed to the perception that the administration was corrupt when Grant's private secretary was alleged to have ties to the ring.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q125'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>universal male suffrage</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q125_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a system where all adult males have the right to vote. Became a feature of the new state constitutions written in the South during 1867 and 1868. Amounted to a true political revolution.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q126'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Carpetbaggers</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q126_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northerners who moved to the South to live and/or to participate in Reconstruction governments. Most were Union Army officers who stayed on after the war as Freedmen's Bureau agents, teachers in black schools, or business investors. Many brought investment capital to the South in a sincere effort to rebuild and modernize it.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q127'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Black Codes</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q127_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a series of post-Civil War laws that established second-class status for freed people. Passed by southern state governments beginning in the fall of 1865, these laws excluded blacks from juries and the ballot box, prevented blacks from testifying against whites in court, banned interracial marriage, and punished blacks more severely than whites for certain crimes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q128'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Freedmen's Bureau</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q128_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[officially called the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Created by Congress in 1865 to supervise black-white relations in the South. Sought to ensure that blacks were paid for their labor, distributed food to the poor, and established schools throughout the South for freed slaves. Southern whites opposed the Bureau, for obvious reasons.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q129'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Liberal Republicans</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q129_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[emerged to challenge Ulysses S. Grant in the election of 1872. Believed that conciliation of Southern whites rather than continued military intervention was the only way to achieve peace in the South. Nominated Horace Greeley for president. He urged his fellow northerners to put the issues of the Civil War behind them. (Greeley was also nominated by the Democrats.)]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q130'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Compromise of 1877</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q130_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[agreement that settled the disputed election of 1876 by giving the Republican Rutherford Hayes the presidency in return for Hayes' agreement to support federal aid for economic development in the South, his support of a southern postmaster general, and his commitment to withdraw the last of the federal troops from the South. Marked the end of Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q131'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Compare and contrast the Lincoln Reconstruction plan with the Wade-Davis Bill.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q131_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Lincoln plan, a fairly lenient attempt to reconstruct southern society, called for 10 percent oath of allegiance to the Union from the white male population; the acceptance of all wartime acts of Congress; the right of some black males to vote; and abolition of slavery. The Wade-Davis Bill went further in attempting to punish certain groups in southern society. Although it did not call for black enfranchisement, it did impose such stringent loyalty requirements on southern whites that few of them could take the required oath. Essentially, this bill was suspicious of white southerners' interest in restructuring their society. Lincoln killed the bill with a pocket veto, angering many northern Republicans, hastening action on more radical plans for dealing with the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q132'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the attempt to impeach President Andrew Johnson. Explore the various reasons that Congress wanted to impeach him (both implied and expressed) and the reasons for their ultimate success or failure.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q132_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Congress, controlled by Radical Republicans, had been at odds with the president over the proper method of reconstructing southern society. Andrew Johnson had vetoed several important parts of congressional Reconstruction plans, but these vetoes were overturned. Although Johnson was ineffectual in office, he was still responsible for implementing acts of Congress. Johnson was impeached by the House on eleven counts, most connected to his violation of the Tenure of Office Act. The real reason he was impeached was his defiance of Congress. The proceedings failed in the Senate<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>one vote short of the necessary two-thirds majority. Many senators voted not to convict Johnson because of their fear of his successor, Radical Republican Benjamin Wade.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q133'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the attempts to help the recently freed former slaves. What were the goals of the federal government for these freed men and women? How successful was the government in achieving those goals?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q133_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Freedmen's Bureau, created by the federal government, had as its primary goal to oversee relations between former slaves and masters. This agency also issued food to 150,000 whites and blacks during 1865. Freedmen's aid societies established schools for former slaves and thereby reduced illiteracy dramatically. In addition, Congress, through the Fourteenth Amendment, began to protect the civil rights and liberties of black Americans. The Fifteenth Amendment granted black males the franchise. Other measures included disenfranchising segments of the white population, passage of laws (for example, the Ku Klux Klan Act) to stop racist attacks against blacks, and the use of federal troops to maintain order in the South. Ultimately, many of the government's attempts to help freedmen were unsuccessful. Southern white racism toward black Americans and resistance to the presence of federal troops undermined much of the government's agenda for Reconstruction. In addition, northern racism and lack of concern for southern blacks further weakened the government's hand. Finally, the inability to attend to economic concerns adequately (redistribution of property) and political concerns (violation of Fifteenth Amendment) left the government's goals virtually unfulfilled.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q134'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine both the achievements and failures of the Grant administration. Keeping his two terms in context with the larger political and social backdrop that was Reconstruction America, would you assert that his administration was a failure?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q134_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Although personally honest, President Ulysses Grant and his administration were plagued by scandals: the "Whiskey Ring," Credit Mobilier, and a variety of lesser, though important, scandals. Grant tended to be a supporter of radical Reconstruction, but he used his powers with restraint. He was, however, successful in breaking the power of the Klan in the Deep South. The successes of the Grant administration tended to be in two areas: foreign policy and fiscal affairs. Grant's able secretary of state, Hamilton Fish, negotiated the Washington Treaty, finally settling the Alabama claims. Also, relations with Britain over the status of Canada were resolved. In financial issues, Grant steered the nation toward a "sound money" footing. He strongly supported the Specie Resumption Act and opposed western paper money supporters, but the long-term results of these actions have caused much debate. All in all, Grant probably was not completely up to the job of being president, and he certainly showed lapses in judgment when appointing important government officials. But his administration should be viewed within the context of the times, the so-called Gilded Age. Corruption in government and business was widespread, having much to do with the expansion of government contracts and bureaucracy during the Civil War. Even a stronger president than Grant would have found conditions formidable.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q135'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the election of 1876. Who were the candidates? What were the issues? What were the results?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q135_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In many ways, there was little choice between New York Democrat Samuel Tilden and Ohio Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. Both were honest politicians who strongly supported civil service reform, and both held similar views on economic and financial issues. What was striking about the election was the real potential for a Democratic victory<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>the first in twenty years. The election results seemed to support a Tilden victory, except for disputed returns in three southern states (the last three under federal military supervision). The votes in these states were disputed at several levels. For example, in many counties, black Republicans were prevented from voting by southern officials. In addition, Republican government officials in these states sent in returns that gave the election to Hayes. State officials sent in returns that gave the election to Tilden. Congress was faced with determining the winner, but found that the Constitution offered no clear solution to the problem. Eventually, a fifteen-person committee (drawn from Congress and the Supreme Court), controlled by Republicans, determined Hayes to be the winner. Hayes was inaugurated, however, only after a series of compromises were worked out between northern and southern interests in 1877.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q136'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Discuss the southern Democrats' attempts to limit opportunities and to control the activities of the freedmen during the Reconstruction period.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q136_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Beginning in 1865, southern state governments followed the lead of white supremacist President Andrew Johnson in establishing a Reconstruction process that excluded freedmen from the political system. None of the ex-Confederate states enfranchised blacks and all passed laws that established second-class citizenship for the freedmen. These so-called Black Codes limited job opportunities, freedom of movement, and political activities of black southerners. African Americans could not serve on juries, vote, marry outside their race, or lease land. Vigilante groups such as the Ku Klux Klan were organized to intimidate Republican Party organizers and black voters. The Klan and other similar groups terrorized freedmen who sought economic advancement or who tried to exercise the rights of citizenship. The congressionally controlled military Reconstruction system was designed to counteract ex-Confederate resistance to the Radical Republican vision of an integrated southern society.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q137'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Why is the period from 1863 to 1877 called the "Reconstruction" era? Describe the conditions that existed in the post-Civil War South that necessitated a reconstruction process.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q137_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The designation of the postwar era as a period of Reconstruction is literally accurate. During the Civil War property was destroyed, traditional agricultural production was disrupted, and hundreds of thousands of people were killed or injured. The South was devastated and had to be rebuilt physically, politically, economically, and socially. Ex-Confederate state governments had to be reorganized; political ties with the union had to be re-established; and the status of approximately four million southerners (the freedmen) had to be determined. Since the antebellum southern economy was based on slave labor, emancipation necessitated the restructuring of the entire system and the establishment of a free labor workforce. Social relationships between whites and blacks also could not remain static. Southern state governments were faced with the difficult tasks of rebuilding what the war had destroyed and of creating new policies that addressed the legal and social changes that resulted from losing the war.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q138'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[One recent historian has called America's Reconstruction a "splendid failure." What do you think was meant by this statement? Evaluate the goals, successes, and failures of those who attempted to reconstruct southern society. Do you think that the historian's statement is an accurate assessment of the postwar years?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q138_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Overview of various Reconstruction plans</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Lincoln-Johnson plan</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Wade-Davis plan</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Goals of congressional Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Defense of civil rights of freedmen</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Fourteenth Amendment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Fifteenth Amendment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Reconstruction Acts of 1867</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Ten southern states under control of Congress</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Impact on nation as a whole</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Humanitarian goals</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Freedmen's Bureau</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Education</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Limited attempts at property distribution</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">Success or failure of Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Return of white Democratic control</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Mississippi Plan</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Bulldozing of black vote</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>White control</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Removal of federal troops</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Election of 1876</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q139'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Explore the Compromise of 1877. Explain the participants in the agreement, the goals of each group, and the details of the final compromise.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q139_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Election of 1876</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Presidential candidates</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Sectional support</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Rebirth of the Democratic Party</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Disputed election</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Compromise of 1877</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Bipartisan commission</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Demands of "Whig" South</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Federal money for internal improvements</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Removal of federal troops</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Cabinet post</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Republican Party concessions</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Southern congressmen do not block Rutherford B. Hayes's election</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>5.</td><td colspan="2">Election of Hayes</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q140'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Compare southern society in 1860 with that of 1877. Describe the similarities and differences, as well as adaptations and changes that took place during the Civil War and Reconstruction years. Was the "New South" a very different place after Reconstruction than it had been before the war?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q140_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Southern society before the war</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">States' rights</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Social relations (slavery, plantations)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Economy: agriculture, cotton</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Changes in southern society: 1860-1877</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Rise of racist Democratic Party</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Rise of "New South"</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">The South after Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Decline of states' rights and reintegration (political) of the South into the nation</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Social relations (racism, segregation)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Economy</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Crop lien system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Beginnings of industrialization and internal improvements</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q141'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Reconstruction period is one of the eras most often portrayed in literature and films. Analyze and evaluate the accuracy of the popular conceptions of the character of southern society between 1865 and 1877 and contrast the myths with the realities of that time period.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q141_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="2">Myths</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td>"Bones and banjoes conventions"</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td>White Republicans; carpetbaggers</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td>Africanized governments</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td>Incompetent, abusive, corrupt policies</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="2">Realities</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td>State constitutional conventions, racial and political characteristics</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td>Northern and southern white officeholders</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td>Freedmen, voters and officials</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td>Educational and political reforms, economic policies</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="2">Evaluation</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td>Negative aspects of Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td>Positive aspects of Reconstruction</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="86%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION

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points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q64' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q65' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q66' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q67' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q68' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q69' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q70' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q71' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q72' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q73' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q74' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q75' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q76' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q77' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q78' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q79' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q80' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q81' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q82' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q83' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q84' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q85' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q86' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q87' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q88' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q89' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q90' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q91' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q92' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q93' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q94' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q95' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q96' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q97' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q98' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q99' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q100' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q101' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q102' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q103' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q104' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q105' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q106' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q107' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q108' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q109' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q110' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q111' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q112' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q113' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q114' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q115' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q116' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q117' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q118' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q119' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q120' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q121' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q122' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q123' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q124' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q125' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q126' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q127' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q128' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q129' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q130' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q131' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q132' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q133' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q134' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q135' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q136' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q137' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q138' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q139' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q140' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q141' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> </QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q1'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The "black codes"]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q1_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[restricted emigration of freedmen to the North.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[provided political and social opportunities unknown under slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[reduced freedmen to a condition close to slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were passed by the northern states.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[prevented blacks from migrating to the West.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q1_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q2'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q2_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[oversee relations between former masters and slaves.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[implement the process of land redistribution.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[deny access to legal redress for white southerners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[punish former slave holders.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[get the Fourteenth Amendment passed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q2_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q3'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following were part of the Fourteenth Amendment except it]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q3_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave all citizens equal protection of the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[funded the Confederate war debt.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[created a constitutional definition of citizenship.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave Congress broad powers to enforce the amendment.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[provided for equal protection under the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q3_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q4'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The election of 1866 revealed]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q4_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[strong support for Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the emergence of white "backlash" in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the increasing popularity of the Republican Party among southern whites.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the increasing popularity of the Democratic Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the belief among northerners that much more needed to be done to reconstruct the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q4_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q5'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Tenure of Office Act]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q5_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[angered congressmen by limiting their terms to two years.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[stated that a president could only hold office while in good standing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[required Senate approval before the president could remove a cabinet member.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was designed to implement the spoils system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[limited the president to two terms in office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q5_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q6'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q6_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[because of crimes and misdemeanors committed while he was president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the first time a president was forced to resign.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[in retaliation for his opposition to congressional reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[because of his failure to appoint a vice president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[because of his affair with an office worker.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q6_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q7'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following statements regarding the Fifteenth Amendment are true except it]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q7_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[prohibited states from denying the right to vote on grounds of race or color.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was popular among northern women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[encountered much resistance in the white South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was part of the congressional reconstruction plan.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was required by Congress that southern states ratify it.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q7_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q8'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The election of 1868]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q8_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[witnessed a referendum on the reconstruction policy of the Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saw the re-emergence of a powerful Democratic Party in the North.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[brought about the "end of Reconstruction."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[witnessed the election of southerners to important congressional positions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[proved that black suffrage made no difference in the outcome of elections.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q8_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q9'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant depended on this group for his presidential victory in 1868.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q9_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northern Democrats]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[southern Democrats]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[African Americans]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[National Union Party members]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[immigrants from Europe.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q9_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q10'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[One of the major political scandals of the Grant presidency involved]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q10_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Compromise of 1877.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the black codes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Central Pacific Railroad.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Specie Resumption Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Credit Mobilier.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q10_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q11'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The 1871 Treaty of Washington]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q11_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[resolved border disputes between the United States and Canada.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was a diplomatic solution to the unsuccessful attempt to annex Santo Domingo.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[settled U.S. claims against Britain for destruction of American shipping.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[resolved differences between the Confederacy and the Union.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[secured title to western lands from Native Americans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q11_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q12'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern whites regarded "Carpetbaggers" as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q12_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[traitors to their home region.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[noble and idealistic "modernizers" to the region's social structure.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[agents of an army of occupation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[incorruptible in political affairs.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supporters of white supremacy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q12_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q13'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q13_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[destroy the Republican Party in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[deny freedmen equal protection under the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[return black Americans to slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[dismantle the Democratic Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[take the South out of the Union.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q13_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q14'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant was guilty of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q14_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[standing in the way of congressional Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[participation in the "Whiskey Ring."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[unwise appointments of public officials.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lying to Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[treason.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q14_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q15'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____ was the presidential candidate nominated by both the Liberal Republicans and the Democratic Party in the election of 1872.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q15_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horatio Seymour]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel B. Tilden]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horace Greeley]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rutherford Hayes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q15_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q16'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q16_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supportive of the government's efforts to restructure the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[convinced that black Americans needed further protection from racist southern governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[weary of the turmoil of southern politics.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[weary of the federal government's failure to restructure the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supportive of black immigration to the North to meet their labor needs and to stop the upheaval in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q16_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q17'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The strategy known as the "Mississippi Plan" aimed to do all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q17_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[intimidate black voters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[force all southern whites to join the Democratic Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[end Republican rule in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[return confiscated land to former owners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[use economic coercion to control election outcomes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q17_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q18'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q18_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[removal of federal troops from southern states]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[appointment of a southern vice president]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[federal aid for a southern railroad]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[federal appropriations to rebuild war-destroyed levees.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[appointment of a southern postmaster general.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q18_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q19'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The idea of redistributing plantation land to freedmen was tried first by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q19_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Jefferson Davis.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Benjamin Wade.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[William T. Sherman.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Abraham Lincoln]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q19_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q20'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Scalawags were]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q20_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northerners who attempted to finance economic enterprises in the postwar South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[southern blacks attempting to exert their newly acquired political power.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[white, southern-born Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[white southerners who opposed reconstruction policies.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[criminals who stole public funds during Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q20_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q21'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Radical Republicans objected to Lincoln's initial Reconstruction plan because it]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q21_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[offered a presidential pardon to former Confederate political and military leaders.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not require the establishment of educational opportunities for freed people.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[restored the political rights of white men who had fought against the Union.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was too difficult to enforce.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave too many rights to freedmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q21_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q22'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson was all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q22_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a southern Democrat.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the only senator from a Confederate state who did not support the Confederacy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a supporter of yeoman farmers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a white supremacist.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a strong supporter of the planter aristocracy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q22_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q23'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Northern Republicans rejected the southern state governments set up under the Johnson Plan because they]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q23_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[elected ex-Confederate leaders to political office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[jeopardized Republican control of Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not offer full citizenship rights to freedmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not control the violence.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q23_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q24'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor system?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q24_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Black workers preferred working in gangs as they had done under slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The new system of sharecropping evolved.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Foreign immigrants were brought in to replace slave laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most ex-slaves purchased land and often employed their former masters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The economy quickly recovered from the ravages of war.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q24_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q25'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the Reconstruction period]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q25_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[thousands of ex-Confederate leaders were tried, imprisoned, and executed for war crimes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[each adult freedman was given "forty acres and a mule."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[three-fourths of the ex-slaves moved north to take advantage of higher wages there.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the illiteracy rate among southern blacks was reduced significantly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[most of the ex-slaves moved west.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q25_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q26'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In regard to civil rights, the Fourteenth Amendment]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q26_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[greatly expanded the federal government's powers and limited the authority of state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[extended citizenship to Native Americans (Indians).]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[reduced constitutional protection of minority rights.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[limited the power of the federal government and expanded the authority of state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave blacks the right to vote.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q26_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q27'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q27_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Senate sat as a court to try Johnson on charges drawn up by the House.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All the Republican senators voted for conviction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A three-fourths majority in both Houses was required to remove Johnson from office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The vote against him was unanimous.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Johnson voluntarily resigned before he could be removed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q27_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q28'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The new state constitutions drawn up in the South from 1867 to 1868]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q28_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[specifically prohibited segregated public schools.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were created in conventions dominated by northern black delegates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[included universal male suffrage.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were too conservative for liberal southern voters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were not influenced by Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q28_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q29'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q29_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[honesty and integrity of both state and federal officeholders.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[military efficiency and discipline in the executive branch of the government.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[mutual understanding between North and South, Democrats and Republicans, whites and blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[renewal of civil war.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[scandal and corruption at all levels of government.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q29_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q30'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Grant is generally considered]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q30_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a failure as president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an unsuccessful general.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a president with an unblemished record.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a very active president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[our smartest president.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q30_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q31'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is not true of black political activity during Reconstruction?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q31_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most black voters were illiterate ex-slaves.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[More than 50 percent of high state and federal offices were held by blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Prominent black leaders were educated and most had been free prior to the Civil War.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A majority of black voters were members of the Republican Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Blacks served in both the US House of Representatives and the Senate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q31_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q32'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S. Supreme Court]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q32_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[strengthened the authority of federal officials in prosecuting individuals who violated the civil rights of blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[declared the military occupation of the South unconstitutional.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[banned racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[ordered the desegregation of public schools in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q32_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q33'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q33_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[prevent blacks from voting.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[revive slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[kill blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[destroy the Republican Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[force the withdrawal of federal troop from the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q33_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q34'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The term "bayonet rule" refers to]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q34_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the use of threats and intimidation to prevent blacks from voting.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a requirement that all U.S. Army officers carry a bayonet while on guard duty.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the use of federal troops to support Republican state governments and black rights in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[civil rights leaders' call for mass arrests of Ku Klux Klan members.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the methods used by white southerners to regain control of their state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q34_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q35'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Compromise of 1877 signified]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q35_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a renewal of federal support for the civil rights of all Americans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the end of Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the decline of Democratic Party control of Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the end of the spoils system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q35_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q36'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Members of Abraham Lincoln's own party opposed his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction because]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q36_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it promised too much financial compensation to former Confederates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it didn't go far enough to force the Confederacy to pay its debts.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it granted too much land to freed people]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it left the door open to restrictive Southern measures to control former slaves.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it punished former Confederates too harshly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q36_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q37'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ones pushing for more reforms in the South in favor of African Americans were the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q37_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Radical Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Victory Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Peace Party.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Whigs.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q37_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q38'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The four southern states remaining under Republican control in 1875 were South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q38_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Georgia.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Louisiana.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[South Carolina.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Virginia.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Texas]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q38_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q39'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q39_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[define blacks as American citizens.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grant equal protection of the laws.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[guarantee the Confederate debt.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[disqualify a significant number of ex-Confederates from holding federal or state office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grant due process under the law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q39_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q40'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson's National Union Party included all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q40_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[border state Unionists.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[freedmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[conservative Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[white supremacists]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q40_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q41'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main issue addressed by the 15<sup>th</sup> Amendment was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q41_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[housing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lynching.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[segregation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[civil rights.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[voting.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q41_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q42'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[At the height of Reconstruction, blacks held ____ percent of public offices.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q42_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[15-20]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[25-30]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[35-40]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[45-50]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90-95]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q42_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q43'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All the following statement regarding carpetbaggers are true except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q43_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they often brought considerable capital with them in hopes of investing in a New South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[most were Union Army officers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[few were college graduates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they sought to modernize the South's social structure and democratize its politics.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they hoped to establish the Republican Party in the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q43_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q44'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q44_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[empower the president to send in federal troops to suppress armed resistance to federal law.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[declare that any attempt to deprive another person of civil or political rights became a felony.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[classify interference with voting rights a federal offense.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[authorize martial law to guarantee racial harmony.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q44_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q45'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The majority of southern Republican voters were]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q45_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wealthy planters.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[poor whites.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[blacks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Native Americans]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q45_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q46'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Almost all of the blacks elected to the United States House and Senate during Reconstruction]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q46_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were illiterate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had attended secondary school.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were college graduates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had fought for the Confederacy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q46_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q47'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Panic of 1873 was primarily caused by which industry?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q47_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[mining]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[steel]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[textile]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cotton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q47_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q48'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The first state with a plan to eliminate black voting was which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q48_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Mississippi]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Alabama]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Louisiana]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Arkansas]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Texas]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q48_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q49'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The President could use federal troops to suppress resistance to federal law through the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q49_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Tenure of Office Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Civil Rights Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Voting Rights Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Force Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ku Klux Klan Act.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q49_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q50'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In response to the Hamburg Massacre, President Grant]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q50_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[sent in federal troops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[withdrew troops from the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decided not to run for a third term.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[encouraged the southern states to create their own militia units.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[organized black militia units.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q50_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q51'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Tilden was probably the real victor in the disputed election of 1876.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q51_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q51_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q51_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q52'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Wade-Davis Bill granted the franchise to black Americans.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q52_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q52_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q52_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q53'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gave states the option of enfranchising black males or losing seats in Congress.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q53_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q53_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q53_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q54'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson was openly critical of the southern planter class.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q54_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q54_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q54_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q55'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into an occupied territory under military command.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q55_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q55_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q55_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q56'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Bulldozing in several parts of the South during the presidential election of 1876 hurt Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q56_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q56_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q56_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q57'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Carpetbaggers were southerners who served Republican Reconstruction governments.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q57_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q57_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q57_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q58'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Blacks held a majority of public political offices in several southern states during Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q58_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q58_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q58_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q59'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Ku Klux Klan was created by former Confederate soldiers.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q59_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q59_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q59_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q60'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Under the Johnson Reconstruction Plan, no ex-Confederate state gave blacks the right to vote.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q60_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q60_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q60_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q61'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[White southerners' main complaint against the Freedmen's Bureau was that it was inefficient.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q61_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q61_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q61_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q62'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment encouraged southern states to enfranchise blacks but did not force them to do so.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q62_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q62_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q62_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q63'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Tennessee was the first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be "readmitted" to the union.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q63_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q63_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q63_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q64'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Under the U.S. Constitution, impeachment by the House removes an official from office.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q64_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q64_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q64_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q65'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The chief target of civil service reform was the spoils system.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q65_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q65_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q65_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q66'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Oneo f Grant's major problems as president was that he put too much trust in people under him.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q66_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q66_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q66_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q67'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Abraham Lincoln never encouraged freed people to emigrate to all-black countries like Haiti.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q67_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q67_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q67_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q68'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Crédit Mobilier Affair represents Grant's commitment to punishing corruption.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q68_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q68_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q68_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q69'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Wade-Davis bill proposed lenient loyalty requirements for Southern whites.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q69_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q69_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q69_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q70'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Abraham Lincoln vetoed the Wade-Davis bill after he had won reelection.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q70_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q70_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q70_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q71'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Radical Republicans in Congress initially believed that Andrew Johnson would support their program.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q71_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q71_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q71_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q72'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both major political party presidential candidates in 1876 were reformist governors.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q72_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q72_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q72_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q73'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of the postwar Southern state governments opposed the abolition of slavery.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q73_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q73_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q73_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q74'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Nearly all freed slaves continued to work for their former owners after the war.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q74_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q74_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q74_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q75'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Some black farmers were able to buy small plots of land.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q75_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q75_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q75_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q76'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson privately characterized his meeting with Frederick Douglass in hateful and racist language.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q76_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q76_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q76_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q77'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Fourteenth Amendment dealt only with awarding the franchise to African Americans.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q77_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q77_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q77_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q78'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson got along well with Congress.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q78_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q78_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q78_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q79'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson advised Southern legislatures to accept the Fourteenth Amendment.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q79_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q79_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q79_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q80'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 embodied a true revolution.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q80_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q80_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q80_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q81'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By September 1867, blacks registered to vote outnumbered whites in the ten states covered by Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q81_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q81_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q81_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q82'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Johnson removed Edwin M. Stanton from office because he supported congressional Reconstruction policy.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q82_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q82_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q82_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q83'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The new southern state constitutions written during the winter and spring of 1867-68 were among the most progressive in the nation.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q83_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q83_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q83_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q84'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the 1866 congressional election campaign, Republicans made clear that any ex-Confederate state that ratified the Fourteenth Amendment would be considered "reconstructed" and that its representatives and senators would be seated in Congress.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q84_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q84_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q84_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q85'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Without black enfranchisement, Ulysses S. Grant would have had a minority of the popular vote in 1868.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q85_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q85_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q85_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q86'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Politicians at all levels universally embraced civil service reform.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q86_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q86_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q86_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q87'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The "Southern Question" was the most intractable issue during Grant's two administrations.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q87_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q87_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q87_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q88'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most Southern Republicans were poor, illiterate, and property less; most Northern Republicans represented the most prosperous, educated, and influential elements of society.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q88_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q88_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q88_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q89'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Blacks held office in many states throughout the South in numbers far exceeding their proportion of the population.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q89_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q89_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q89_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q90'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Carpetbaggers held a disproportionate number of high political offices in southern state governments during Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q90_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q90_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q90_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q91'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Disputed election returns in the 1876 presidential election came from Louisiana, South Carolina, and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q91_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Florida</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q92'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Democratic Party policy of intimidating black voters to keep them away from the polls was called ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q92_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>bulldozing</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q93'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant's opponent in the election of 1868 was ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q93_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Horatio Seymour</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q94'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[White southerners who joined the Republican Party were called ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q94_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Scalawags</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q95'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The notorious massacre of black militiamen in Louisiana in 1873 was known as the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q95_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Colfax Massacre</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q96'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The agricultural system under which workers farmed land they did not own in return for part of the crop they produced was called ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q96_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>sharecropping</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q97'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The removal of ____________________ from the post of secretary of war triggered the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q97_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Edwin M. Stanton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q98'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Freed slaves expected ____________________ acres of land.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q98_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>40</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q99'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ Act established the modern structure of the civil service.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q99_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Pendelton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q100'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant suffered public criticism for its efforts to acquire ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q100_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Santo Domingo</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q101'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[About ____________________ percent of southern Republican voters were black.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q101_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>80</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q102'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ refers to paying workers with a share of the crop.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q102_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Share wages</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q103'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The 1915 Film ____________________ depicted Reconstruction and African Americans in a very negative way.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q103_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Birth of a Nation</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q104'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The linking of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad lines occurred in ____________________ Territory.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q104_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Utah</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q105'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ Amendment gave blacks the right to vote.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q105_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Fifteenth</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q106'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Johnson restored political and property rights to most former Confederate leaders by granting them ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q106_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>pardons</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q107'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The agency created to oversee relations between former slaves and their former masters during Reconstruction was the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q107_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Freedman's Bureau</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q108'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the northern Congressional elections of 1866 the ____________________ Party won sweeping victories.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q108_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Republican</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q109'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The congressional acts that divided the former Confederate states (except Tennessee) into five military districts, enfranchised black men, disenfranchised some Confederates, and called for new constitutional conventions were the ______________________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q109_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Reconstruction Acts of 1867</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q110'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In order for a Southern state to be declared reconstructed and its delegates seated in Congress, the state had to ratify the ____________________ Amendment.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q110_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Fourteenth</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q111'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Women suffrage leaders who opposed the Fifteenth Amendment were ____________________ and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q111_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q111_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q112'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ was a construction company for the Union Pacific Railroad that gave congressmen stock in return for land grants and loans from the government.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q112_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Crédit Mobilier</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q112_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>Credit Mobilier</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q113'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Johnson created the ____________________ Party.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q113_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>National Union</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q114'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ was a terrorist organization that attacked blacks and set out to destroy the Republican Party in the South.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q114_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Ku Klux Klan</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q115'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Republicans dissatisfied with Grant's administration who nominated Horace Greeley for President in 1872 called themselves the ____________________ Republicans.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q115_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Liberal</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q116'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The financier whose pyramid schemes collapsed in 1873 and helped touch off an economic collapse was ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q116_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Jay Cooke</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q117'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Republican governor of Mississippi who asked Grant to send troops to control whites' violent intimidation of black voters in that state during the election of 1875 was ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q117_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Adelbert Ames</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q118'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In ____________________, South Carolina, a battle between a black militia and the white Red Shirts led to the murder of several militiamen.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q118_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Hamburg</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q119'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1876 presidential election the Democrat ____________________ appeared to have won the election when the results were first in.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q119_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Samuel Tilden</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q120'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After the election of 1876 the Reconstruction Republican governments collapsed in the last two southern states, ____________________ and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q120_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Louisiana, South Carolina</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q120_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>South Carolina, Louisiana</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q121'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Crédit Mobilier</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q121_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad construction company that inflated building costs and bribed congressmen. Reflective of corrupt business activities of the Gilded Age.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q122'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Andrew Johnson</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q122_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[seventeenth president; opposed Radical Republicans on various Reconstruction issues. Impeached by the House of Representatives but ultimately acquitted by the Senate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q123'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Jay Cooke</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q123_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northern businessman who helped finance the Union war effort; his financial collapse precipitated the Panic of 1873.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q124'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Whiskey Ring</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q124_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[network of collusion among distillers and revenue agents that deprived the government of millions of tax dollars. Active during the presidential administration of Ulysses S. Grant. Contributed to the perception that the administration was corrupt when Grant's private secretary was alleged to have ties to the ring.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q125'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>universal male suffrage</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q125_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a system where all adult males have the right to vote. Became a feature of the new state constitutions written in the South during 1867 and 1868. Amounted to a true political revolution.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q126'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Carpetbaggers</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q126_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[northerners who moved to the South to live and/or to participate in Reconstruction governments. Most were Union Army officers who stayed on after the war as Freedmen's Bureau agents, teachers in black schools, or business investors. Many brought investment capital to the South in a sincere effort to rebuild and modernize it.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q127'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Black Codes</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q127_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a series of post-Civil War laws that established second-class status for freed people. Passed by southern state governments beginning in the fall of 1865, these laws excluded blacks from juries and the ballot box, prevented blacks from testifying against whites in court, banned interracial marriage, and punished blacks more severely than whites for certain crimes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q128'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Freedmen's Bureau</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q128_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[officially called the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Created by Congress in 1865 to supervise black-white relations in the South. Sought to ensure that blacks were paid for their labor, distributed food to the poor, and established schools throughout the South for freed slaves. Southern whites opposed the Bureau, for obvious reasons.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q129'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Liberal Republicans</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q129_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[emerged to challenge Ulysses S. Grant in the election of 1872. Believed that conciliation of Southern whites rather than continued military intervention was the only way to achieve peace in the South. Nominated Horace Greeley for president. He urged his fellow northerners to put the issues of the Civil War behind them. (Greeley was also nominated by the Democrats.)]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q130'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Compromise of 1877</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q130_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[agreement that settled the disputed election of 1876 by giving the Republican Rutherford Hayes the presidency in return for Hayes' agreement to support federal aid for economic development in the South, his support of a southern postmaster general, and his commitment to withdraw the last of the federal troops from the South. Marked the end of Reconstruction.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q131'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Compare and contrast the Lincoln Reconstruction plan with the Wade-Davis Bill.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q131_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Lincoln plan, a fairly lenient attempt to reconstruct southern society, called for 10 percent oath of allegiance to the Union from the white male population; the acceptance of all wartime acts of Congress; the right of some black males to vote; and abolition of slavery. The Wade-Davis Bill went further in attempting to punish certain groups in southern society. Although it did not call for black enfranchisement, it did impose such stringent loyalty requirements on southern whites that few of them could take the required oath. Essentially, this bill was suspicious of white southerners' interest in restructuring their society. Lincoln killed the bill with a pocket veto, angering many northern Republicans, hastening action on more radical plans for dealing with the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q132'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the attempt to impeach President Andrew Johnson. Explore the various reasons that Congress wanted to impeach him (both implied and expressed) and the reasons for their ultimate success or failure.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q132_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Congress, controlled by Radical Republicans, had been at odds with the president over the proper method of reconstructing southern society. Andrew Johnson had vetoed several important parts of congressional Reconstruction plans, but these vetoes were overturned. Although Johnson was ineffectual in office, he was still responsible for implementing acts of Congress. Johnson was impeached by the House on eleven counts, most connected to his violation of the Tenure of Office Act. The real reason he was impeached was his defiance of Congress. The proceedings failed in the Senate<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>one vote short of the necessary two-thirds majority. Many senators voted not to convict Johnson because of their fear of his successor, Radical Republican Benjamin Wade.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q133'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the attempts to help the recently freed former slaves. What were the goals of the federal government for these freed men and women? How successful was the government in achieving those goals?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q133_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Freedmen's Bureau, created by the federal government, had as its primary goal to oversee relations between former slaves and masters. This agency also issued food to 150,000 whites and blacks during 1865. Freedmen's aid societies established schools for former slaves and thereby reduced illiteracy dramatically. In addition, Congress, through the Fourteenth Amendment, began to protect the civil rights and liberties of black Americans. The Fifteenth Amendment granted black males the franchise. Other measures included disenfranchising segments of the white population, passage of laws (for example, the Ku Klux Klan Act) to stop racist attacks against blacks, and the use of federal troops to maintain order in the South. Ultimately, many of the government's attempts to help freedmen were unsuccessful. Southern white racism toward black Americans and resistance to the presence of federal troops undermined much of the government's agenda for Reconstruction. In addition, northern racism and lack of concern for southern blacks further weakened the government's hand. Finally, the inability to attend to economic concerns adequately (redistribution of property) and political concerns (violation of Fifteenth Amendment) left the government's goals virtually unfulfilled.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q134'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine both the achievements and failures of the Grant administration. Keeping his two terms in context with the larger political and social backdrop that was Reconstruction America, would you assert that his administration was a failure?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q134_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Although personally honest, President Ulysses Grant and his administration were plagued by scandals: the "Whiskey Ring," Credit Mobilier, and a variety of lesser, though important, scandals. Grant tended to be a supporter of radical Reconstruction, but he used his powers with restraint. He was, however, successful in breaking the power of the Klan in the Deep South. The successes of the Grant administration tended to be in two areas: foreign policy and fiscal affairs. Grant's able secretary of state, Hamilton Fish, negotiated the Washington Treaty, finally settling the Alabama claims. Also, relations with Britain over the status of Canada were resolved. In financial issues, Grant steered the nation toward a "sound money" footing. He strongly supported the Specie Resumption Act and opposed western paper money supporters, but the long-term results of these actions have caused much debate. All in all, Grant probably was not completely up to the job of being president, and he certainly showed lapses in judgment when appointing important government officials. But his administration should be viewed within the context of the times, the so-called Gilded Age. Corruption in government and business was widespread, having much to do with the expansion of government contracts and bureaucracy during the Civil War. Even a stronger president than Grant would have found conditions formidable.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q135'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the election of 1876. Who were the candidates? What were the issues? What were the results?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q135_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In many ways, there was little choice between New York Democrat Samuel Tilden and Ohio Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. Both were honest politicians who strongly supported civil service reform, and both held similar views on economic and financial issues. What was striking about the election was the real potential for a Democratic victory<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>the first in twenty years. The election results seemed to support a Tilden victory, except for disputed returns in three southern states (the last three under federal military supervision). The votes in these states were disputed at several levels. For example, in many counties, black Republicans were prevented from voting by southern officials. In addition, Republican government officials in these states sent in returns that gave the election to Hayes. State officials sent in returns that gave the election to Tilden. Congress was faced with determining the winner, but found that the Constitution offered no clear solution to the problem. Eventually, a fifteen-person committee (drawn from Congress and the Supreme Court), controlled by Republicans, determined Hayes to be the winner. Hayes was inaugurated, however, only after a series of compromises were worked out between northern and southern interests in 1877.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q136'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Discuss the southern Democrats' attempts to limit opportunities and to control the activities of the freedmen during the Reconstruction period.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q136_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Beginning in 1865, southern state governments followed the lead of white supremacist President Andrew Johnson in establishing a Reconstruction process that excluded freedmen from the political system. None of the ex-Confederate states enfranchised blacks and all passed laws that established second-class citizenship for the freedmen. These so-called Black Codes limited job opportunities, freedom of movement, and political activities of black southerners. African Americans could not serve on juries, vote, marry outside their race, or lease land. Vigilante groups such as the Ku Klux Klan were organized to intimidate Republican Party organizers and black voters. The Klan and other similar groups terrorized freedmen who sought economic advancement or who tried to exercise the rights of citizenship. The congressionally controlled military Reconstruction system was designed to counteract ex-Confederate resistance to the Radical Republican vision of an integrated southern society.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q137'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Why is the period from 1863 to 1877 called the "Reconstruction" era? Describe the conditions that existed in the post-Civil War South that necessitated a reconstruction process.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q137_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The designation of the postwar era as a period of Reconstruction is literally accurate. During the Civil War property was destroyed, traditional agricultural production was disrupted, and hundreds of thousands of people were killed or injured. The South was devastated and had to be rebuilt physically, politically, economically, and socially. Ex-Confederate state governments had to be reorganized; political ties with the union had to be re-established; and the status of approximately four million southerners (the freedmen) had to be determined. Since the antebellum southern economy was based on slave labor, emancipation necessitated the restructuring of the entire system and the establishment of a free labor workforce. Social relationships between whites and blacks also could not remain static. Southern state governments were faced with the difficult tasks of rebuilding what the war had destroyed and of creating new policies that addressed the legal and social changes that resulted from losing the war.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q138'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[One recent historian has called America's Reconstruction a "splendid failure." What do you think was meant by this statement? Evaluate the goals, successes, and failures of those who attempted to reconstruct southern society. Do you think that the historian's statement is an accurate assessment of the postwar years?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q138_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Overview of various Reconstruction plans</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Lincoln-Johnson plan</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Wade-Davis plan</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Goals of congressional Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Defense of civil rights of freedmen</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Fourteenth Amendment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Fifteenth Amendment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Reconstruction Acts of 1867</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Ten southern states under control of Congress</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Impact on nation as a whole</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Humanitarian goals</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Freedmen's Bureau</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Education</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Limited attempts at property distribution</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">Success or failure of Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Return of white Democratic control</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Mississippi Plan</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Bulldozing of black vote</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>White control</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Removal of federal troops</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Election of 1876</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q139'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Explore the Compromise of 1877. Explain the participants in the agreement, the goals of each group, and the details of the final compromise.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q139_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Election of 1876</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Presidential candidates</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Sectional support</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Rebirth of the Democratic Party</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Disputed election</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Compromise of 1877</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Bipartisan commission</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Demands of "Whig" South</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Federal money for internal improvements</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Removal of federal troops</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Cabinet post</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Republican Party concessions</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Southern congressmen do not block Rutherford B. Hayes's election</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>5.</td><td colspan="2">Election of Hayes</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q140'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Compare southern society in 1860 with that of 1877. Describe the similarities and differences, as well as adaptations and changes that took place during the Civil War and Reconstruction years. Was the "New South" a very different place after Reconstruction than it had been before the war?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q140_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Southern society before the war</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">States' rights</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Social relations (slavery, plantations)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Economy: agriculture, cotton</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Changes in southern society: 1860-1877</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Rise of racist Democratic Party</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Rise of "New South"</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">The South after Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Decline of states' rights and reintegration (political) of the South into the nation</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Social relations (racism, segregation)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Economy</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Crop lien system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Beginnings of industrialization and internal improvements</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q141'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Reconstruction period is one of the eras most often portrayed in literature and films. Analyze and evaluate the accuracy of the popular conceptions of the character of southern society between 1865 and 1877 and contrast the myths with the realities of that time period.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q141_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="2">Myths</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td>"Bones and banjoes conventions"</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td>White Republicans; carpetbaggers</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td>Africanized governments</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td>Incompetent, abusive, corrupt policies</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="2">Realities</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td>State constitutional conventions, racial and political characteristics</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td>Northern and southern white officeholders</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td>Freedmen, voters and officials</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td>Educational and political reforms, economic policies</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="2">Evaluation</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td>Negative aspects of Reconstruction</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td>Positive aspects of Reconstruction</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="86%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> </POOL>