| A. | Mayan civilization | ||
| 1. | Urbanization | ||
| a. | Complex canal and irrigation system | ||
| b. | Consequences | ||
| 2. | Competing city-states | ||
| 3. | Literate people | ||
| a. | Recorded history | ||
| b. | Implications | ||
| B. | Aztec society | ||
| 1. | Warrior people | ||
| 2. | Urban/Tenochtitlán (200,000 people) | ||
| 3. | Sophistication | ||
| a. | Metallurgy | ||
| b. | Medicine | ||
| 4. | Religious beliefs | ||
| a. | Human sacrifice/ritual cannibalism | ||
| b. | Conquest by Cortés | ||
| C. | Inca civilization | ||
| 1. | Technologically advanced | ||
| a. | Roads and suspension bridges | ||
| b. | Sophisticated agricultural methods | ||
| 2. | Sprawling empire | ||
| a. | Eight to twelve million people | ||
| b. | Internal strife/defeat by Pizarro | ||
| A. | Trade and commerce routes | ||
| 1. | Desire for Asian goods | ||
| 2. | Expensive overland routes | ||
| 3. | Preeminence of Portugal | ||
| B. | Desire for wealth | ||
| 1. | Africa | ||
| a. | Gold and ivory | ||
| b. | Slave trade | ||
| 2. | Asia | ||
| a. | Spices | ||
| b. | Silk | ||
| 3. | Americas | ||
| a. | Precious metals | ||
| b. | Tobacco and spices | ||
| C. | Religion | ||
| 1. | Spread of the faith | ||
| a. | Portugal and Catholicism | ||
| b. | Columbus and millennialism | ||
| A. | "Old" and "New" Worlds meet | ||
| 1. | Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century contacts | ||
| a. | Christopher Columbus and "discovery" | ||
| b. | Hernán Cortés, conquest, and silver | ||
| 2. | African contacts | ||
| a. | Vasco da Gama and trade | ||
| b. | European desires for spices and gold | ||
| B. | Effects on Europe | ||
| 1. | New trade and commercial exchange | ||
| a. | Silver | ||
| b. | Tobacco | ||
| c. | Spices | ||
| 2. | Colonization | ||
| a. | Europe settles the Americas | ||
| b. | European exploitation | ||
| 3. | Rise of European nation-states | ||
| C. | Effects on the Americas and Africa | ||
| 1. | Disease and destruction | ||
| a. | Conquered peoples | ||
| b. | Mass depopulation | ||
| 2. | New institutions | ||
| a. | Catholic Church | ||
| b. | Encomienda and hacienda | ||
| c. | Forced labor | ||
| 3. | Slavery | ||
| a. | African peoples enslaved | ||
| b. | Millions "emigrated" through middle passage | ||
| c. | Millions die/death and transport | ||
| A. | The Crusades | ||
| 1. | Freeing the Holy Land from Moslem control | ||
| 2. | Expansion of sugar plantations to Mediterranean Islands | ||
| 3. | Enslaving non-Christians/Moslems, Slavs, Africans | ||
| 4. | Search for Prester John | ||
| B. | Prince Henry and the Order of Christ | ||
| 1. | Voyages of exploration | ||
| 2. | African trade/gold, ivory and slaves | ||
| 3. | Island colonies/Madiera, Azores, Cape Verde Islands | ||
| 4. | Vasco da Gama sails to India | ||
| C. | Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain | ||
| 1. | Expelling the Moors and Jews | ||
| 2. | Exterminating the Guanches of the Canary islands | ||
| 3. | Christopher (Christ-bearer) Columbus | ||
| 4. | Treaty of Tordesillas/Pope Alexander VI | ||
| D. | Dilemmas in the New World | ||
| 1. | Questions of origin of the Indians | ||
| 2. | Theory of St. Thomas the Doubter | ||
| 3. | Human sacrifice versus the Spanish Inquisition | ||
| 4. | Christian versus pagan military objectives | ||
| E. | The conquistadors and missionaries | ||
| 1. | Cortez destroys the Aztec gods | ||
| 2. | Pizarro conquers the Incas | ||
| 3. | Searching for golden cities | ||
| 4. | The Jesuits | ||
| a. | Mission in Virginia | ||
| b. | Don Luis (Openchancanough) | ||
| 5. | The Franciscans | ||
| a. | Goals and policies | ||
| b. | The mission system | ||
| c. | Brutal treatment of Mayan lapsed convert | ||