| A. | Social and economic condition of farmers in post-Civil War America | ||
| 1. | Declining market, prices, and income | ||
| 2. | Rising debt and foreclosures | ||
| 3. | Targets of farmers' anger | ||
| a. | Railroads | ||
| b. | Banks | ||
| c. | Merchants | ||
| d. | Monetary system | ||
| B. | Farmers organize | ||
| 1. | Farmers' Alliance | ||
| a. | Cooperatives | ||
| b. | Subtreasuries | ||
| 2. | Populist Party | ||
| a. | Government control of railroads | ||
| b. | Subtreasury | ||
| c. | Income tax | ||
| d. | Direct election of senators | ||
| e. | "Free silver" | ||
| f. | Promise of 1892 election | ||
| C. | Election of 1896 | ||
| 1. | William Jennings Bryan and free silver | ||
| a. | Democrats and Populists unite | ||
| b. | Populist program discarded | ||
| c. | Campaign focused only on silver question | ||
| 2. | McKinley over Bryan | ||
| a. | Return of prosperity for farmers | ||
| b. | Populist Party dissolves | ||
| A. | Growth of labor discontent | ||
| 1. | Ownership demand for greater productivity | ||
| 2. | Erosion of worker autonomy | ||
| 3. | Rise of wage labor | ||
| B. | Rise of national labor organizations | ||
| 1. | Knights of Labor | ||
| a. | Organized by industry | ||
| b. | Skilled and unskilled workers | ||
| c. | Demand for workers' cooperatives | ||
| 2. | American Federation of Labor | ||
| a. | Organized by craft, shunned unskilled | ||
| b. | Accepted basic tenet of capitalism | ||
| c. | Worked for better conditions and higher wages | ||
| C. | Battles between labor and owners | ||
| 1. | Haymarket Square (1886) | ||
| a. | Decline of Knights of Labor | ||
| b. | General consequences | ||
| 2. | Homestead strike (1892) | ||
| a. | Workers battle Pinkertons, militia | ||
| b. | Attempted assassination of Henry Frick | ||
| c. | State government role | ||
| 3. | Pullman strike (1894) | ||
| a. | Eugene Debs and American Railway Union | ||
| b. | Federal troops open railways | ||
| c. | Use of Sherman Antitrust Act against workers | ||
| d. | Arrest and imprisonment of Debs | ||
| A. | The Gilded Age, lifestyles of the rich and infamous | |
| 1. | Thorstein Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class | |
| 2. | Social behavior of the Robber Barons | |
| 3. | Widening economic gulf between rich and poor | |
| B. | Business practices | |
| 1. | Cut-throat competition and corrupt policies | |
| 2. | Treatment of workers | |
| 3. | Creation of monopolies and trusts | |
| 4. | Abuses by railroads | |
| C. | Economic growth and technological development | |
| 1. | Gross national product doubles | |
| 2. | Manufacturing surpasses agriculture | |
| 3. | Railroad expansion and contributions | |
| 4. | New inventions | |
| D. | The response to unbridled capitalism | |
| 1. | Munn v. Illinois | |
| 2. | Interstate Commerce Act | |
| 3. | Sherman Antitrust Act | |
| A. | New relations between workers and capital | ||
| 1. | Wide-scale industrialization | ||
| 2. | Growth of unskilled labor | ||
| a. | Large immigrant labor force | ||
| b. | Sought factory jobs | ||
| 3. | New methods of management and production | ||
| a. | Scientific management | ||
| b. | Assembly line/mass production | ||
| B. | Developments among labor | ||
| 1. | American Federation of Labor (AFL) | ||
| a. | Samuel Gompers and "bread and butter" unionism | ||
| b. | Limited to craft workers | ||
| c. | Small in size (two million members) | ||
| 2. | Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) | ||
| a. | "Big Bill" Haywood and "one big union" | ||
| b. | Organization of all workers | ||
| c. | Overthrow of capitalist social relations | ||
| C. | Government's response to labor | ||
| 1. | Opposition to organized strikes | ||
| 2. | Sherman Antitrust Act | ||
| 3. | Ludlow massacre (1914) | ||
| A. | Technological innovations | ||
| 1. | Electric power | ||
| a. | Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison | ||
| b. | Transition from steam power to electric power | ||
| 2. | Gasoline and automobiles | ||
| a. | Stimulus to subsidiary industries (glass, rubber) | ||
| b. | Need for roads and service stations | ||
| B. | Corporations | ||
| 1. | Increasing centralization | ||
| a. | "Trusts" and cartels | ||
| b. | Mass production and distribution | ||
| C. | Developments in production | ||
| 1. | Attempts to rationalize production | ||
| a. | "Scientific management" | ||
| b. | Henry Ford and the assembly line | ||