<QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION id='q1' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q2' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q3' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q4' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q5' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q6' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q7' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q8' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q9' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q10' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q11' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q12' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q13' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q14' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q15' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q16' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q17' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q18' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q19' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q20' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q21' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q22' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q23' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q24' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q25' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q26' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q27' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q28' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q29' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q30' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q31' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q32' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q33' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q34' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q35' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q36' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q37' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q38' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q39' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q40' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q41' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q42' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q43' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q44' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q45' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q46' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q47' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q48' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q49' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q50' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q51' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q52' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q53' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q54' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q55' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q56' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q57' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q58' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q59' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q60' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q61' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q62' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q63' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q64' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q65' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q66' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q67' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q68' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q69' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q70' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q71' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q72' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q73' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q74' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q75' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q76' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q77' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q78' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q79' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q80' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q81' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q82' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q83' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q84' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q85' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q86' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q87' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q88' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q89' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q90' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q91' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q92' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q93' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q94' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q95' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q96' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q97' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q98' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q99' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q100' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q101' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q102' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q103' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q104' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q105' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q106' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q107' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q108' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q109' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q110' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q111' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q112' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q113' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q114' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q115' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q116' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q117' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q118' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q119' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q120' class='QUESTION_FILLINBLANK' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q121' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q122' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q123' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q124' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q125' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q126' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q127' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q128' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q129' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q130' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q131' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q132' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q133' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q134' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q135' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q136' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q137' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q138' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q139' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> </QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q1'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farm labor in post-revolutionary America saw]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q1_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[women increasingly do the field work.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the sickle as the principal harvest tool.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[work carefully divided by sex.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[hoes replace ploughs as the primary tool for cultivation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson advocate an American adoption of the French peasant labor system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q1_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q2'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The young, single women who worked under the Waltham system]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q2_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[formed a permanent, professional workforce.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[drank, kept late hours, and generally had bad reputations.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supported their parents and paid for the college educations of their brothers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[organized unions that violently resisted their exploitation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saved some of their money for dowries and spent some on clothes and books.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q2_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q3'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In early American rural neighborhoods]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q3_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[most farm families lived in isolation from each other.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[paper money was widely used.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a farmer rarely kept track of debts owed by other farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[few farmers were self-sufficient.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the practice of bartering was considered "un-American."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q3_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q4'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson saw the ideal American society as one whose economy was dominated by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q4_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[master craftsmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wage laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[seaport merchants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[rural farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an urban working class.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q4_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q5'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following were true of farmers after 1790 except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q5_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they ate most of what they grew.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they traded with their neighbors.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they sent surplus products to outside markets.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they generally raised only one variety of animal or plant.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they profited from world markets without becoming dependent on them.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q5_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q6'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The federal census of 1790 found that more than ____ of Americans lived in rural areas.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q6_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[50 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[60 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[70 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[80 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q6_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q7'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not a result of rising farm incomes after 1790?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q7_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the improved appearance of rural houses by painting and planting flowers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the purchases of salt, pepper and gunpowder]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a greater concern with personal and household cleanliness]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the ownership of mirrors and watches]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the use of individual place settings for eating]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q7_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q8'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After the revolution, land inheritance by farm fathers]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q8_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decreased in frequency and decreased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased in frequency but decreased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decreased in frequency but increased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased in frequency and increased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained constant as before the Revolution.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q8_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q9'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1818 the National Road]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q9_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[ran from Washington D.C to Atlanta.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was a smooth, crushed rock thoroughfare.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had dramatically reduced the cost of moving goods inland.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[signaled the decline in steamboat traffic.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q9_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q10'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was true of American cities in 1790?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q10_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[There were fifty cities with populations exceeding 10,000.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The largest cities were all seaports.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[International commerce had yet to affect the composition and location of the largest cities.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Only twenty percent of the nation's population lived in cities.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A city was defined as having at least 10,000 people.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q10_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q11'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1815 the largest American city was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q11_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Philadelphia.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Baltimore.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Newark.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[New York City.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Boston.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q11_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q12'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Urban master artisans during the years of the early republic]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q12_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[experienced no change in their social or economic status.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were unlikely to enter the emerging business class.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lived in a pristine environment free from filth and disease.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were able to support their families on their own.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increasingly subcontracted their "slop work" work to younger artisans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q12_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q13'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Easterners described frontiersmen as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q13_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[violent, drunken, filthy "white savages."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[hard-working, productive yeomen farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[simple, innocent, childlike primitives.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[honest, public-minded, democratic citizens.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[traitors who had joined forces with the French and Indians.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q13_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q14'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After 1790, the responsibilities for running American farm households]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q14_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[fell more exclusively on women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decreased.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were mostly given to the older children.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were turned over to servants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were equally shared by all family members.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q14_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q15'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the early republic, Indians living on western lands]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q15_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were generally able to maintain their territorial holdings.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[received considerable political and military help from Britain.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were constantly pushed further west.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saw, by 1820, nearly 100,000 white settlers move onto their lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were never more unified.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q15_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q16'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the 1820s New England storekeepers]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q16_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[shipped their goods to England and Europe.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[depended almost entirely on locally produced goods for their retail sales.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[depended on a barter exchange of goods and services, rather than cash sales.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saw their business decline significantly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased their stock of consumer goods significantly]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q16_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q17'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[As a result of the market revolution]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q17_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Americans began to limit the size of their families.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[distinctions began to be made regarding men's versus women's work.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[new kinds of work emerged.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the nature of housework changed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q17_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q18'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[American society in the early nineteenth century]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q18_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[became more democratic and individualistic.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was authoritarian and paternalistic.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[witnessed a significant decline in alcohol consumption.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[slavishly copied European styles and manners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[suffered a decline in population.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q18_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q19'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was true of industrial development in the early constitutional era?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q19_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[There was none.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A majority of northern men were industrial workers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The factory system was decentralized.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Women and children did not work in factories.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Jeffersonians were more in favor of industrial development than Federalists.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q19_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q20'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most agricultural improvements were directed toward which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q20_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[indigo]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grain]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[sugar]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[tobacco]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cotton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q20_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q21'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Eastern visitors described the backcountry as which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q21_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[clean]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[civilized]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[filthy]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[organized]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[none of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q21_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q22'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[An 1816 Senate report stated that it cost the same to transport one ton of goods across the Atlantic Ocean as it did to move one ton of goods ____ miles inland.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q22_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[10]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[30]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[60]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[150]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q22_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q23'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not an agricultural improvement of the mid-1800s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q23_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[horse-powered threshing machines]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cast-iron plows]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the windmill]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[hand-cranked fanning machines]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the grain cradle]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q23_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q24'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following statements regarding transportation in 1815 are true except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q24_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it was easier to transport goods into western settlements than out]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[transportation west of the Appalachians was almost entirely undeveloped]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[transporting goods by boat between Louisville and New Orleans took three to four months]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the cost of transporting wheat from Buffalo to New York City tripled its price]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[trans-Appalachian settlements were marginal to the market economy]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q24_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q25'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the 1830s, northeastern farmers' relationship to the market had]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q25_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[strengthened.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[weakened.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained unchanged.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[became independent of the international market]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[none of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q25_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q26'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The National Road linked]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q26_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Potomac River with the Ohio River.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Mississippi River with the Great Lakes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[New York City with Boston.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Ohio River with the Mississippi.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Boston with Charleston.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q26_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q27'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Waltham, or Lowell, system of textile manufacturing primarily employed]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q27_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[entire families.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[immigrants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[young men.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[children.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[young women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q27_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q28'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Eastbound traffic on the National Road consisted largely of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q28_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cattle and pigs.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wheat and corn.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lumber.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[whiskey.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cotton.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q28_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q29'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the period from 1790 to 1815, artisans were losing their independent status; most became]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q29_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[master craftsmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wage laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[merchants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[soldiers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q29_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q30'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Erie Canal]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q30_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[bankrupted the state of New York.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[replaced the New York Central railroad as the major means of transportation in the Northeast.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[opened the interior of New York and transformed the frontier into a prosperous commercial area.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had little impact on the economy of the Northeast.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[made fortunes for its developers without the state deriving any real benefit.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q30_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q31'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Backcountry whites adopted all of the following practices except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q31_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[girdling trees so that they would fall down naturally.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[depending on game for food and animal skins for trade.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[leaving their women behind to tend the farms when they hunted.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[engaging in drunken brawls.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cooperating economically with local Indians.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q31_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q32'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most canals built in the 1830s were built and financed by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q32_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[private corporations.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[foreign investors.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the federal government.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[associations of farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q32_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q33'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[One of the main proponents of the American system was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q33_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Henry Clay.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Calhoun.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Hammond.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James Madison.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q33_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q34'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Young women employed in the New England textile mills]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q34_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grew more dependent upon their families because of their experience.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grew increasingly independent from their families because of their experience.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained relatively unchanged because of their experience.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[tended to keep their jobs for many years, and in some cases for life.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[joined labor unions and led violent strikes against the factories.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q34_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q35'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Mid-nineteenth century New England farmers]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q35_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[produced most of the food crops for the entire country.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[relied on beef and dairy products as cash crops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased the amount of land set aside for cultivation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[used the most inefficient and soil-depleting techniques in the United States.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were not integrated into the domestic market economy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q35_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q36'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main issue for southerners deciding to migrate north involved the issue of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q36_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[available transportation networks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[different cultural issues between the north and south.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[leaving family behind.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[differences in climate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q36_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q37'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the early nineteenth century, in seaport cities]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q37_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[life expectancy was higher than in the countryside.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[accountants were being replaced by bookkeepers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[there was very little poverty.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wealth was becoming much more concentrated.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[epidemics of disease were becoming rare.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q37_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q38'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the mid-nineteenth century, new female housework responsibilities included]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q38_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[spinning yarn and weaving textiles for the family's clothing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[less time spent in child supervision and individualized care.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cash-producing activities such as candle making and cheese production.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[less time spent on planting flower beds and cleaning furniture.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[more time spent washing, sewing, and ironing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q38_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q39'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is not true concerning alcohol consumption in the early republic?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q39_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Men drank more than women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farmers drank more than city dwellers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southerners drank more than northerners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Westerners drank more than easterners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Alcohol consumption was the highest that it has ever been.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q39_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q40'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The first power-driven spinning mill in the United States was built by ____ in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q40_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Richard Arkwright]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Nathaniel Appleton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Francis Cabot Lowell]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Slater]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Edison]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q40_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q41'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The factory villages where entire families labored for mill owners in the process of cloth production was known as the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q41_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Lowell system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Waltham system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rhode Island system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Massachusetts system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Carnegie system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q41_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q42'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Under the Rhode Island system]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q42_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[textile workers bought their own looms and bargained with merchants to establish prices.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[mill owners created factory towns that included farmland that was rented to the families of textile workers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[factories were located in major seaport cities in order to have access to international markets.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rhode Island banks financed industrial development in other states but charged extremely high interest rates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the factories were government owned.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q42_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q43'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Commercial agriculture in the Northwest was first made feasible by the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q43_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[steamboat.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[turnpike.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[horse and buggy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[telegraph.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q43_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q44'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1811, Francis Lowell received valuable information on designing a factory town from]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q44_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the United States patent office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[industrial espionage while in England.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[speaking to a German inventor.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[his wife.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an international trade conference.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q44_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q45'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1820 and 1870 the industrial revolution affected the United States as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q45_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[old seaports experienced a slow decline in population.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[commercial agriculture became less important.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[international trade became far more valuable than the domestic market.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cities grew faster than ever before or since.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[older, more established urban areas grew faster than new cities.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q45_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q46'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1820 and 1840, agricultural exports from the Northwest increased by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q46_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[15 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[25 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[50 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[75 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q46_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q47'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All the following regarding southern farmers who moved into the Northwest is true except they]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q47_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[favored free-range livestock]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained tied to the river trade]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[often left the south seeing slavery blocked opportunities for them]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[devoted most of their efforts to developing large cultivated farms]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not bring slaves with them.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q47_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q48'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the Northeast, the rise of livestock specialization reduced the amount of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q48_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[land under cultivation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[woodlands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[food crops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grain planted.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q48_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q49'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Steamboats reduced the cost of transporting goods by river to approximately ____ per ton.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q49_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[one-third of a cent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[one and half cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[five cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[seven cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[ten cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q49_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q50'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Treaty of Paris in 1783]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q50_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not mention Indian lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[respected Indian claims.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave nearly all western lands to the U.S.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[only recognized Florida as belonging to the new U.S.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave nearly all western lands to Spain.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q50_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q51'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the decades after the Declaration of Independence, American democracy grew in strength.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q51_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q51_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q51_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q52'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[State governments took a more or less "laissez-faire" approach to the building of canals in the early nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q52_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q52_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q52_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q53'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1830, the primary engine of economic development was the North Atlantic trade.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q53_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q53_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q53_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q54'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The building of the Erie Canal raised the cost of transporting western wheat in the early nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q54_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q54_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q54_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q55'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The market revolution did not affect the family.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q55_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q55_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q55_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q56'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Early-nineteenth century New England farms were geared toward subsistence.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q56_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q56_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q56_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q57'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The first big market in ready-made clothing was for slaves.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q57_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q57_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q57_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q58'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A "market society" transformed not only the economy but how people looked at the world.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q58_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q58_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q58_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q59'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The National Road ran from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and linked the nation along its North-South axis.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q59_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q59_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q59_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q60'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the 1860s, the railroads had replaced canals and rivers as the major transportation avenues in the Northeast.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q60_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q60_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q60_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q61'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The engine of economic growth in the North and West was international trade.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q61_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q61_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q61_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q62'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A "razorback" was a southern term for a porcupine.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q62_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q62_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q62_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q63'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA["Johnny Appleseed" was a fictional character created by Walt Disney.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q63_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q63_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q63_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q64'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The major technological improvements in early American industrial development were stolen from English inventors.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q64_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q64_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q64_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q65'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The market revolution occurred only in the North.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q65_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q65_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q65_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q66'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson would have supported an urban "market society".]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q66_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q66_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q66_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q67'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In general the birth rate declined in areas of greatest commercialization.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q67_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q67_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q67_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q68'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Men and women worked side by side at farm labor in post-revolutionary America.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q68_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q68_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q68_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q69'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[High costs kept large factories from being located in early nineteenth century cities.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q69_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q69_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q69_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q70'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The status of artisans remained high and did not change.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q70_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q70_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q70_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q71'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1815 and 1840, northeastern agriculture became a cash-crop business.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q71_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q71_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q71_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q72'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Until about 1830, most western settlers were southerners who settled near the tributaries of the Ohio-Mississippi River system.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q72_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q72_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q72_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q73'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1815 and 1830, the cost of ready-made cloth declined sixfold.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q73_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q73_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q73_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q74'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1815, recent economic growth was greatest in seaport cities.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q74_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q74_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q74_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q75'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Prior to the rise of the market revolution, bartering was common in farm societies.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q75_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q75_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q75_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q76'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[As a result of the market revolution, women spent fewer hours on housework.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q76_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q76_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q76_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q77'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern farmers were early proponents of the systematic breeding of animals.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q77_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q77_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q77_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q78'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The market revolution resulted in an increase in the size of the average American family.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q78_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q78_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q78_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q79'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Eastern visitors to the backcountry were impressed with the health and industriousness of frontiersmen.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q79_a1'> 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</QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q82'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Slater smuggled printed copies for the water-powered spinning machine from England to America.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q82_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q82_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q82_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q83'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Erie Canal was an immense success.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q83_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q83_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q83_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q84'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In post-revolutionary America, most farmers lived in isolation from each other.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> 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nickname "Johnny Appleseed."]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q97_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>John Chapman</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q98'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ became the great New England cash crop.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q98_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Beef</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q99'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ were artisans who worked for wages.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q99_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Journeymen</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q100'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Increasingly Northeastern farmers were buying farms to rent to ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q100_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>tenants</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q101'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The National Road linked the ____________________ with the Ohio River at Wheeling, Virginia.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q101_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Potomac River</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q102'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ first made commercial agriculture possible in the West.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q102_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>steamboat</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q103'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[New York's 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<QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q106'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ made secret drawings of British textile factory machines during an 1811 visit and then duplicated the machines in America.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q106_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Francis Cabot Lowell</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q107'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A Midwife's Tale was based on the diary of ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q107_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Martha Ballard</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q108'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A "razorback" was a southern term for a(n) ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q108_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>hog</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q109'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1815, ____________________ was the largest American city.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q109_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>New York City</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q110'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The canal that linked the Hudson River with Lake Erie was the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q110_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Erie Canal</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q111'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Proponents of the "American system" hoped a(n) ____________________ economy would transcend sectionalism and create a unified United States.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q111_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>market-driven</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q112'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1790, most rural farmhouses were ____________________ story.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q112_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>one</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q113'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The manufacturing system that relied on heavily capitalized and fully mechanized mills was known as the ____________________ system.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q113_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Waltham</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q114'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1820s, the richest men in cities were ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q114_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>seaport merchants</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q115'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson saw the ideal American society as one whose economy was dominated by ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q115_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>rural farmers</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q116'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Artisans considered themselves ____________________ class.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q116_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>middle</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q117'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By making a run from New Orleans to Louisville, the steamboat ____________________ demonstrated that two-way river trade was possible.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q117_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Washington</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q118'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most canals were built in the ____________________ and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q118_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Northeast, Northwest</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q118_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>Northwest, Northeast</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q119'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After 1830 most migrants to the Northwest came from the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q119_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Northeast</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q120'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1830s the women workers in the textile factories at ____________________ went on strike.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q120_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Lowell</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q121'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Samuel Slater</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q121_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[English textile engineer who left his homeland illegally. Built first Arkwright spinning mill in the United States.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q122'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Erie Canal</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q122_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[This man-made waterway linked the Hudson River with Lake Erie and helped open western New York state to much more rapid and inexpensive trade. Opened in 1825 at a cost of $7.5 million it was a great commercial success and earned back its cost in seven years.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q123'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Boston Associates</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q123_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[group of wealthy New England merchants turned manufacturers who put New England on the road to industrialization. Organized by Francis Lowell.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q124'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Rhode Island system</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q124_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[textile manufacturing system (developed by Samuel Slater and others) that employed carefully supervised entire families in the production of textiles.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q125'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Eli Whitney</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q125_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Northern inventor of the cotton-engine (or gin) that revolutionized the production of cotton and, consequently, the southern economy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q126'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Francis Cabot Lowell</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q126_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wealthy Bostonian who secretly copied English textile machine designs. Organized the Boston Associates to finance mills that used unskilled female workers who lived in company-owned and supervised boarding houses.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q127'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>"sweated" trade</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q127_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a subcontracting system that developed first in clothing manufacturing. A few skilled male tailors made pattern pieces and did custom work while large numbers of underpaid females sewed the clothing pieces together. The unskilled females worked longer hours for lower wages than did the skilled males.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q128'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Waltham system</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q128_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[labor system employed by the Boston Associates. Utilized young, single women from the farms of northern New England. The workers lived in carefully supervised boardinghouses and followed a strict set of conduct rules, both on and off the job. The workers were well known as sober, dignified, and self-respecting, unlike workers in other places. They became, in the end, a self- respecting sisterhood of independent, wage-earning women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q129'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>up-country</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q129_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[eastern slopes of the Appalachians from the Chesapeake through Georgia, the western slopes of the mountains in Kentucky and Tennessee, the pine-covered hill country of northern Mississippi and Alabama, parts of Texas and Louisiana, most of the Ozark Plateau in Missouri and Arkansas. Home to most of the small farms in the South, these lands were too high, cold, isolated, and wooded to support plantation crops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q130'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>"subsistence plus" agriculture</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q130_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[practiced by a majority of southern yeomen and involved mixing farming for household subsistence and neighborhood exchange with a small surplus or cash crop sent to market. Farmers would put most of their land into subsistence crops and livestock, cultivating only a few acres of cotton. With the income generated from their small cotton crops, they could pay their debts and taxes and buy coffee, tea, sugar, tobacco, cloth, and shoes. This system allowed farmers to enter the market when they wished; it kept them from ever being dominated by it.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q131'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>alcoholic republic</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q131_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the 1830s, the national consumption of distilled spirits reached five gallons per capita, the high mark in American history. Whiskey was considered safer than water and was cheaper than coffee or tea. The rise in drinking correlated with greater mobility among the population as improved transportation systems took more people further away from their homes for employment.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q132'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Explore changes in the local rural economies of the United States in the early nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q132_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The nineteenth-century market revolution helped to usher in dramatic changes in the social and economic life of farmers in rural America. Before the nineteenth century (even several decades into it), most of rural America was relatively isolated from markets and, thus, from market control. Most farmers produced enough goods for home use and more for local exchange with neighbors or local storekeepers. Little of this produce was exchanged outside of each community, a form of exchange that cemented the bonds of community<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>central to the survival of pre-industrial households. Little cash exchanged hands, and storekeeper accounts usually were settled in goods and services. Most farmers exchanged not only goods with each other but capital equipment and services as well. This process was known in some areas as "neighboring." The market revolution of the early nineteenth century forever changed these precommercial local communities, giving farmers opportunities to purchase factory- made textiles and other domestic items. In order to purchase goods, farmers needed cash, and the only way to obtain cash was by increasing agricultural production and adopting commercial patterns. The new transportation systems allowed farmers the opportunity to do just that. With increased production came increased ties to the market and, eventually, the decline of the old community-oriented way of life.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q133'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe Samuel Slater's importance to industrialization in the United States.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q133_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Before the arrival of Samuel Slater in the United States, the nation was, at best, backward as an industrial center. England was the major industrial power, the nation that Alexander Hamilton argued that the United States should emulate. Through the first several decades of the new republic, however, the nation seemed to be heeding Jefferson's warnings against industrialization. Samuel Slater, among others, helped to alter the nation's economic direction. Slater left England illegally. (As a skilled textile engineer, he was supposed to remain in England, by English law.) He arrived in the United States with the plans to Arkwright's spinning mill memorized in detail. Once in the United States, Slater, with financial support from Moses Brown, built the first fully contained (all processes of operation included) spinning mill in the United States (in Pawtucket, Rhode Island). In this way, Slater revolutionized the textile industry. Textiles no longer had to be constructed primarily in the home. In the mill, entire families were employed by the new textile manufacturers. Children would work the machinery inside (the new technology replaced the need for skilled artisans to work the wheels), and their parents would farm small plots and participate in various types of outwork. Although this system soon was replaced by larger, more heavily capitalized factory enterprises, Slater's mill marked an important turning point in the economic history of America.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q134'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the transportation revolution in the period from 1800 to 1840.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q134_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The transportation revolution of the nineteenth century had many stages, beginning with pretechnical aspects and culminating in the railroads of mid-century. Two things were central to the revolution: first, technological advances in the area of transportation vehicles and second, significant advances in transportation systems. Even in the late eighteenth century, the federal government and the states already were debating whether turnpikes would allow for speedier transportation of goods and, therefore, would increase commerce. By 1810, the debate shifted to the funding of canals. Canals, the most important of which was the Erie, were especially important since they allowed for the rapid movement of ships and boats at a far reduced cost for the shipper. Canals connected areas that were not served by rivers but that were especially rich in agricultural production. For example, the Erie Canal linked the Genesee Valley and the "Old Northwest" to the New York City market, revolutionizing grain production (and more) in the United States. Equally important to these transportation systems were developments in transportation vehicles, such as the steamboat, which made commercial agriculture feasible in the West. One example of the impact of the steamboat is the dramatic increase in market-bound produce after steamboat travel was introduced. In 1810, only 60,000 tons of produce was shipped from western areas. By 1840, this number increased to 500,000 tons.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q135'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the market revolution. What were its causes and repercussions?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q135_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the period before 1815, the United States was primarily a rural, agrarian-based economy. Although Alexander Hamilton exhorted his fellow Americans to engage more fully in commercial enterprises (and called on the federal government to do the same), little movement had taken place in this direction. The 1812 war, as well as the end of the Napoleonic conflicts in Europe, convinced many American merchants and financiers to devote more attention to internal trade and commerce and less to overseas trade. Beginning in the last years of the eighteenth century, but not developing in earnest until after 1815, merchants began to increase their investments in both internal trade networks (canals and turnpikes) as well as in fledgling industries. Western rural communities were brought into commercial exchange systems because of dramatic developments in transportation and marketing. This introduction of previously unused farmland (in western New York and the "Old Northwest") all but destroyed agricultural production in New England, preparing that region for industrial development (textile mills and outwork production). As transportation systems developed further (with the Erie Canal, for example), the cost and time that it took to market items decreased substantially, further accelerating market development.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q136'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the home life of Americans in the first-half of the nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q136_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The development of a market economy changed the lifestyle of those families most directly involved in the new trends. One noticeable change occurred in the size of families: The average number of children was reduced from 6.4 in 1800 to 4.9 by 1849. The change was most common in the North where new farming techniques and the expansion of livestock production lessened labor requirements. In poor southern communities, which continued production of traditional labor-intensive crops, large families were still the rule. For many Americans, the concept of housework and gender distinctions between "man's work" and "woman's work" also changed. Previously female duties such as dairy farming, vegetable gardening, and poultry production were taken over by men when these activities became more profitable than field work. Within the household, women's roles altered as the number of children declined and as outside responsibilities were reduced. The market economy offered women better stoves, a variety of food products, manufactured cloth and clothing, and cleaning utensils. Women could devote more time to nurturing and instructing their children, baking pies and cakes, and decorating and cleaning their homes. They dressed their families in clean, pressed clothing, and improved the appearance and comfort of their surroundings. More families painted their houses and fences, planted flowers and shade trees, added on extra bedrooms, lighted their homes with oil lamps, and dined on tables set with table cloths and china dishes. The privacy, comfort, and attractiveness of prosperous American households improved as the nation became more market oriented.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q137'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe factory work in the Rhode Island and Waltham systems at the beginning of the American Industrial Revolution.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q137_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1820s, the expansion of the market economy in the rural United States ignited an industrial revolution in rapidly growing cities as factories were created to serve the rural markets. In Rhode Island the first American factories opened when mills were built for textile manufacturing. In these early years, the workforce came from entire families who moved to company built and owned villages which surrounded the mills. These communities were closely supervised and controlled. While production of finished cloth soared, jobs were plentiful and workers were generally well-treated. However, one trade-off was the loss of worker and household independence. A similar situation existed in Waltham, Massachusetts, another area of early factory development. Here young, single women from rural backgrounds came to live and work in carefully supervised factory towns. These workers were part and parcel of the many changes in society brought by industrialization that would usher in a more individualistic, acquisitive republic in the years to come. The Waltham workers became a self- respecting sisterhood of independent, strong-willed women. Twice, in the 1830s, they went on strike for better wages.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q138'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Explore the beginnings of textile manufacturing in New England in the period 1790 to 1830.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q138_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Background to industrialization</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Samuel Slater</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Moses Brown and Pawtucket, Rhode Island</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Importance</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Development of the Rhode Island system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Entire families engaged in production</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Small-scale operations</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Industrialization grows</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Francis Cabot Lowell</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Boston Associates</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Lowell mills</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Lowell (or Waltham) system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Young women operators</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Implications</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">Repercussions</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Development of wage labor</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Independent artisans undermined</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Rise of unskilled workforce</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Early work conditions generally good</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q139'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Discuss the role of the transportation revolution in creating the market economy of the nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q139_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address certain key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Rural transportation problems in 1815</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">East of Appalachians</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Primitive to nonexistent facilities</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Cost of transporting goods</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">West of Appalachians</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Undeveloped resources</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Utilization of Ohio-Mississippi River system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Time frame for transporting goods</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Improvements in transportation</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Roads</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>National Road built by Congress</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Lancaster Turnpike built by Pennsylvania</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Steamboats</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td><i>Clermont</i> launched by Robert Fulton</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Impact on trade</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Canals</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Erie Canal built by New York</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Canal boom in the Northwest and Northeast</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Railroads</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Rivers and canals linked by rails</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Impact of railroads on other transportation systems</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">Repercussions</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Time and money</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Turnpikes, canals, and steamboats reduce costs</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Railroads and steamboats increase speed</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Foreign trade expands</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Markets and regions<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>North and South</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION

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id='q130' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q131' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q132' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q133' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q134' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q135' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q136' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q137' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q138' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q139' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> </QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q1'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farm labor in post-revolutionary America saw]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q1_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[women increasingly do the field work.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the sickle as the principal harvest tool.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[work carefully divided by sex.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[hoes replace ploughs as the primary tool for cultivation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson advocate an American adoption of the French peasant labor system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q1_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q2'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The young, single women who worked under the Waltham system]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q2_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[formed a permanent, professional workforce.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[drank, kept late hours, and generally had bad reputations.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[supported their parents and paid for the college educations of their brothers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[organized unions that violently resisted their exploitation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saved some of their money for dowries and spent some on clothes and books.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q2_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q3'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In early American rural neighborhoods]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q3_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[most farm families lived in isolation from each other.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[paper money was widely used.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a farmer rarely kept track of debts owed by other farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[few farmers were self-sufficient.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the practice of bartering was considered "un-American."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q3_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q4'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson saw the ideal American society as one whose economy was dominated by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q4_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[master craftsmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wage laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[seaport merchants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[rural farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an urban working class.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q4_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q5'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following were true of farmers after 1790 except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q5_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they ate most of what they grew.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they traded with their neighbors.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they sent surplus products to outside markets.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they generally raised only one variety of animal or plant.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[they profited from world markets without becoming dependent on them.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q5_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q6'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The federal census of 1790 found that more than ____ of Americans lived in rural areas.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q6_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[50 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[60 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[70 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[80 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90 percent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q6_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q7'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not a result of rising farm incomes after 1790?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q7_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the improved appearance of rural houses by painting and planting flowers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the purchases of salt, pepper and gunpowder]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a greater concern with personal and household cleanliness]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the ownership of mirrors and watches]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the use of individual place settings for eating]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q7_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q8'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After the revolution, land inheritance by farm fathers]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q8_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decreased in frequency and decreased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased in frequency but decreased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decreased in frequency but increased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased in frequency and increased in size of lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained constant as before the Revolution.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q8_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q9'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1818 the National Road]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q9_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[ran from Washington D.C to Atlanta.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was a smooth, crushed rock thoroughfare.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had dramatically reduced the cost of moving goods inland.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[signaled the decline in steamboat traffic.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q9_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q10'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was true of American cities in 1790?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q10_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[There were fifty cities with populations exceeding 10,000.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The largest cities were all seaports.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[International commerce had yet to affect the composition and location of the largest cities.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Only twenty percent of the nation's population lived in cities.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A city was defined as having at least 10,000 people.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q10_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q11'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1815 the largest American city was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q11_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Philadelphia.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Baltimore.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Newark.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[New York City.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Boston.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q11_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q12'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Urban master artisans during the years of the early republic]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q12_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[experienced no change in their social or economic status.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were unlikely to enter the emerging business class.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lived in a pristine environment free from filth and disease.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were able to support their families on their own.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increasingly subcontracted their "slop work" work to younger artisans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q12_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q13'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Easterners described frontiersmen as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q13_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[violent, drunken, filthy "white savages."]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[hard-working, productive yeomen farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[simple, innocent, childlike primitives.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[honest, public-minded, democratic citizens.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[traitors who had joined forces with the French and Indians.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q13_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q14'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After 1790, the responsibilities for running American farm households]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q14_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[fell more exclusively on women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[decreased.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were mostly given to the older children.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were turned over to servants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were equally shared by all family members.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q14_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q15'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the early republic, Indians living on western lands]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q15_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were generally able to maintain their territorial holdings.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[received considerable political and military help from Britain.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were constantly pushed further west.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saw, by 1820, nearly 100,000 white settlers move onto their lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were never more unified.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q15_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q16'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the 1820s New England storekeepers]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q16_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[shipped their goods to England and Europe.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[depended almost entirely on locally produced goods for their retail sales.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[depended on a barter exchange of goods and services, rather than cash sales.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[saw their business decline significantly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased their stock of consumer goods significantly]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q16_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q17'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[As a result of the market revolution]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q17_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Americans began to limit the size of their families.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[distinctions began to be made regarding men's versus women's work.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[new kinds of work emerged.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the nature of housework changed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q17_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q18'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[American society in the early nineteenth century]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q18_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[became more democratic and individualistic.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[was authoritarian and paternalistic.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[witnessed a significant decline in alcohol consumption.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[slavishly copied European styles and manners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[suffered a decline in population.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q18_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q19'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was true of industrial development in the early constitutional era?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q19_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[There was none.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A majority of northern men were industrial workers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The factory system was decentralized.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Women and children did not work in factories.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Jeffersonians were more in favor of industrial development than Federalists.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q19_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q20'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most agricultural improvements were directed toward which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q20_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[indigo]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grain]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[sugar]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[tobacco]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cotton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q20_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q21'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Eastern visitors described the backcountry as which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q21_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[clean]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[civilized]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[filthy]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[organized]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[none of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q21_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q22'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[An 1816 Senate report stated that it cost the same to transport one ton of goods across the Atlantic Ocean as it did to move one ton of goods ____ miles inland.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q22_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[10]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[30]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[60]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[150]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q22_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q23'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not an agricultural improvement of the mid-1800s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q23_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[horse-powered threshing machines]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cast-iron plows]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the windmill]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[hand-cranked fanning machines]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the grain cradle]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q23_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q24'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the following statements regarding transportation in 1815 are true except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q24_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[it was easier to transport goods into western settlements than out]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[transportation west of the Appalachians was almost entirely undeveloped]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[transporting goods by boat between Louisville and New Orleans took three to four months]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the cost of transporting wheat from Buffalo to New York City tripled its price]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[trans-Appalachian settlements were marginal to the market economy]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q24_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q25'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the 1830s, northeastern farmers' relationship to the market had]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q25_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[strengthened.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[weakened.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained unchanged.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[became independent of the international market]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[none of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q25_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q26'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The National Road linked]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q26_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Potomac River with the Ohio River.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the Mississippi River with the Great Lakes.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[New York City with Boston.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Ohio River with the Mississippi.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Boston with Charleston.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q26_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q27'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Waltham, or Lowell, system of textile manufacturing primarily employed]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q27_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[entire families.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[immigrants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[young men.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[children.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[young women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q27_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q28'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Eastbound traffic on the National Road consisted largely of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q28_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cattle and pigs.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wheat and corn.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[lumber.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[whiskey.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cotton.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q28_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q29'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the period from 1790 to 1815, artisans were losing their independent status; most became]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q29_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[master craftsmen.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wage laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[merchants.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[soldiers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q29_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q30'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Erie Canal]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q30_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[bankrupted the state of New York.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[replaced the New York Central railroad as the major means of transportation in the Northeast.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[opened the interior of New York and transformed the frontier into a prosperous commercial area.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[had little impact on the economy of the Northeast.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[made fortunes for its developers without the state deriving any real benefit.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q30_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q31'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Backcountry whites adopted all of the following practices except]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q31_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[girdling trees so that they would fall down naturally.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[depending on game for food and animal skins for trade.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[leaving their women behind to tend the farms when they hunted.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[engaging in drunken brawls.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cooperating economically with local Indians.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q31_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q32'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most canals built in the 1830s were built and financed by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q32_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[state governments.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[private corporations.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[foreign investors.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the federal government.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[associations of farmers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q32_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q33'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[One of the main proponents of the American system was]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q33_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Henry Clay.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Calhoun.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Hammond.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James Madison.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q33_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q34'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Young women employed in the New England textile mills]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q34_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grew more dependent upon their families because of their experience.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grew increasingly independent from their families because of their experience.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained relatively unchanged because of their experience.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[tended to keep their jobs for many years, and in some cases for life.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[joined labor unions and led violent strikes against the factories.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q34_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q35'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Mid-nineteenth century New England farmers]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q35_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[produced most of the food crops for the entire country.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[relied on beef and dairy products as cash crops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[increased the amount of land set aside for cultivation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[used the most inefficient and soil-depleting techniques in the United States.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[were not integrated into the domestic market economy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q35_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q36'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The main issue for southerners deciding to migrate north involved the issue of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q36_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[available transportation networks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[different cultural issues between the north and south.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[leaving family behind.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[slavery.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[differences in climate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q36_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q37'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the early nineteenth century, in seaport cities]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q37_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[life expectancy was higher than in the countryside.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[accountants were being replaced by bookkeepers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[there was very little poverty.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wealth was becoming much more concentrated.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[epidemics of disease were becoming rare.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q37_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q38'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the mid-nineteenth century, new female housework responsibilities included]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q38_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[spinning yarn and weaving textiles for the family's clothing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[less time spent in child supervision and individualized care.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cash-producing activities such as candle making and cheese production.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[less time spent on planting flower beds and cleaning furniture.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[more time spent washing, sewing, and ironing.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q38_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q39'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following is not true concerning alcohol consumption in the early republic?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q39_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Men drank more than women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farmers drank more than city dwellers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southerners drank more than northerners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Westerners drank more than easterners.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Alcohol consumption was the highest that it has ever been.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q39_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q40'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The first power-driven spinning mill in the United States was built by ____ in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q40_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Richard Arkwright]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Nathaniel Appleton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Francis Cabot Lowell]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Slater]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Edison]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q40_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q41'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The factory villages where entire families labored for mill owners in the process of cloth production was known as the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q41_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Lowell system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Waltham system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rhode Island system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Massachusetts system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Carnegie system.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q41_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q42'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Under the Rhode Island system]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q42_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[textile workers bought their own looms and bargained with merchants to establish prices.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[mill owners created factory towns that included farmland that was rented to the families of textile workers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[factories were located in major seaport cities in order to have access to international markets.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rhode Island banks financed industrial development in other states but charged extremely high interest rates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q42_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the factories were government owned.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q42_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q43'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Commercial agriculture in the Northwest was first made feasible by the]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q43_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[steamboat.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[turnpike.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[horse and buggy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q43_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[telegraph.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q43_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q44'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1811, Francis Lowell received valuable information on designing a factory town from]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q44_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[the United States patent office.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[industrial espionage while in England.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[speaking to a German inventor.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[his wife.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q44_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an international trade conference.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q44_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q45'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1820 and 1870 the industrial revolution affected the United States as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q45_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[old seaports experienced a slow decline in population.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[commercial agriculture became less important.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[international trade became far more valuable than the domestic market.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[cities grew faster than ever before or since.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q45_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[older, more established urban areas grew faster than new cities.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q45_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q46'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1820 and 1840, agricultural exports from the Northwest increased by]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q46_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[15 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[25 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[50 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[75 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q46_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[90 percent.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q46_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q47'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[All the following regarding southern farmers who moved into the Northwest is true except they]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q47_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[favored free-range livestock]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[remained tied to the river trade]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[often left the south seeing slavery blocked opportunities for them]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[devoted most of their efforts to developing large cultivated farms]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q47_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not bring slaves with them.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q47_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q48'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the Northeast, the rise of livestock specialization reduced the amount of]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q48_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[land under cultivation.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[woodlands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[food crops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[grain planted.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q48_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[all of these choices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q48_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q49'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Steamboats reduced the cost of transporting goods by river to approximately ____ per ton.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q49_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[one-third of a cent]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[one and half cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[five cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[seven cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q49_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[ten cents]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q49_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q50'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Treaty of Paris in 1783]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q50_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[did not mention Indian lands.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[respected Indian claims.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave nearly all western lands to the U.S.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[only recognized Florida as belonging to the new U.S.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q50_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[gave nearly all western lands to Spain.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q50_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q51'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the decades after the Declaration of Independence, American democracy grew in strength.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q51_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q51_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q51_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q52'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[State governments took a more or less "laissez-faire" approach to the building of canals in the early nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q52_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q52_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q52_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q53'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1830, the primary engine of economic development was the North Atlantic trade.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q53_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q53_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q53_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q54'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The building of the Erie Canal raised the cost of transporting western wheat in the early nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q54_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q54_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q54_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q55'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The market revolution did not affect the family.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q55_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q55_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q55_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q56'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Early-nineteenth century New England farms were geared toward subsistence.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q56_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q56_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q56_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q57'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The first big market in ready-made clothing was for slaves.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q57_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q57_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q57_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q58'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A "market society" transformed not only the economy but how people looked at the world.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q58_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q58_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q58_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q59'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The National Road ran from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and linked the nation along its North-South axis.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q59_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q59_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q59_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q60'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the 1860s, the railroads had replaced canals and rivers as the major transportation avenues in the Northeast.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q60_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q60_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q60_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q61'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The engine of economic growth in the North and West was international trade.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q61_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q61_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q61_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q62'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A "razorback" was a southern term for a porcupine.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q62_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q62_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q62_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q63'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA["Johnny Appleseed" was a fictional character created by Walt Disney.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q63_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q63_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q63_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q64'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The major technological improvements in early American industrial development were stolen from English inventors.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q64_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q64_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q64_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q65'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The market revolution occurred only in the North.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q65_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q65_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q65_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q66'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson would have supported an urban "market society".]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q66_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q66_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q66_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q67'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In general the birth rate declined in areas of greatest commercialization.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q67_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q67_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q67_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q68'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Men and women worked side by side at farm labor in post-revolutionary America.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q68_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q68_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q68_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q69'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[High costs kept large factories from being located in early nineteenth century cities.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q69_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q69_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q69_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q70'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The status of artisans remained high and did not change.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q70_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q70_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q70_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q71'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1815 and 1840, northeastern agriculture became a cash-crop business.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q71_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q71_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q71_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q72'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Until about 1830, most western settlers were southerners who settled near the tributaries of the Ohio-Mississippi River system.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q72_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q72_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q72_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q73'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Between 1815 and 1830, the cost of ready-made cloth declined sixfold.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q73_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q73_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q73_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q74'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1815, recent economic growth was greatest in seaport cities.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q74_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q74_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q74_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q75'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Prior to the rise of the market revolution, bartering was common in farm societies.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q75_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q75_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q75_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q76'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[As a result of the market revolution, women spent fewer hours on housework.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q76_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q76_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q76_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q77'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern farmers were early proponents of the systematic breeding of animals.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q77_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q77_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q77_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q78'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The market revolution resulted in an increase in the size of the average American family.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q78_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q78_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q78_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q79'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Eastern visitors to the backcountry were impressed with the health and industriousness of frontiersmen.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q79_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q79_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q79_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q80'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[As a result of the market revolution, old practices and old forms of neighborliness fell into disuse.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q80_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q80_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q80_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q81'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the seaport cities, growth derived more from commerce with the hinterland than from international trade.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q81_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q81_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q81_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q82'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Slater smuggled printed copies for the water-powered spinning machine from England to America.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q82_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q82_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q82_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q83'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Erie Canal was an immense success.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q83_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q83_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q83_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q84'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In post-revolutionary America, most farmers lived in isolation from each other.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q84_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q84_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q84_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q85'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The nation's transportation network was built primarily by private enterprise.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q85_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q85_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q85_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q86'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the early nineteenth century, life expectancy was higher in urban than in rural areas.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q86_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q86_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q86_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q87'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The transportation revolution reduced both the time and the expense of moving heavy goods.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q87_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q87_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q87_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q88'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the early nineteenth century, the main reason Americans drank was to get drunk.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q88_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q88_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q88_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q89'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 50 years following 1820, American cities grew at a faster rate than at any other time in history.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q89_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q89_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q89_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q90'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1820, twenty percent of the population lived in the west.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q90_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q90_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q90_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q91'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1790, more than ____________________ percent of Americans lived on farms and in rural villages.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q91_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>ninety</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q92'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1803, ____________________ entered the Union as a state.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q92_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Ohio</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q93'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ built the first Arkwright spinning mill in the United States (in Pawtucket, Rhode Island).]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q93_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Samuel Slater</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q94'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1790, all of the largest American cities were ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q94_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>seaports</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q95'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The frontier pathway used by westerners returning to Kentucky and Ohio after trading in New Orleans was called ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q95_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Natchez Trace</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q96'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The first successful American steamboat, <i>Clermont</i>, was built by ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q96_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Robert Fulton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q97'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ was the eccentric Yankee who planted apple trees in the Northwest and earned himself the nickname "Johnny Appleseed."]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q97_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>John Chapman</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q98'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ became the great New England cash crop.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q98_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Beef</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q99'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ were artisans who worked for wages.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q99_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Journeymen</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q100'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Increasingly Northeastern farmers were buying farms to rent to ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q100_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>tenants</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q101'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The National Road linked the ____________________ with the Ohio River at Wheeling, Virginia.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q101_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Potomac River</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q102'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The ____________________ first made commercial agriculture possible in the West.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q102_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>steamboat</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q103'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[New York's governor, ____________________, talked the state legislature into building what became the Erie Canal.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q103_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>De Witt Clinton</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q104'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Boston Associates built their first mill at ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q104_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Waltham</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q105'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1820, ____________________ percent of the nation's population were westerners.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q105_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>twenty</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q106'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[____________________ made secret drawings of British textile factory machines during an 1811 visit and then duplicated the machines in America.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q106_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Francis Cabot Lowell</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q107'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A Midwife's Tale was based on the diary of ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q107_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Martha Ballard</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q108'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[A "razorback" was a southern term for a(n) ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q108_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>hog</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q109'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1815, ____________________ was the largest American city.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q109_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>New York City</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q110'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The canal that linked the Hudson River with Lake Erie was the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q110_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Erie Canal</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q111'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Proponents of the "American system" hoped a(n) ____________________ economy would transcend sectionalism and create a unified United States.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q111_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>market-driven</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q112'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1790, most rural farmhouses were ____________________ story.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q112_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>one</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q113'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The manufacturing system that relied on heavily capitalized and fully mechanized mills was known as the ____________________ system.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q113_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Waltham</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q114'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1820s, the richest men in cities were ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q114_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>seaport merchants</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q115'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Jefferson saw the ideal American society as one whose economy was dominated by ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q115_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>rural farmers</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q116'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Artisans considered themselves ____________________ class.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q116_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>middle</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q117'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[By making a run from New Orleans to Louisville, the steamboat ____________________ demonstrated that two-way river trade was possible.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q117_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Washington</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q118'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Most canals were built in the ____________________ and ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q118_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Northeast, Northwest</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q118_a2' position='2'> <TEXT>Northwest, Northeast</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q119'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[After 1830 most migrants to the Northwest came from the ____________________.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q119_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Northeast</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_FILLINBLANK id='q120'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1830s the women workers in the textile factories at ____________________ went on strike.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q120_a1' position='1'> <TEXT>Lowell</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_FILLINBLANK> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q121'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Samuel Slater</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q121_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[English textile engineer who left his homeland illegally. Built first Arkwright spinning mill in the United States.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q122'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Erie Canal</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q122_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[This man-made waterway linked the Hudson River with Lake Erie and helped open western New York state to much more rapid and inexpensive trade. Opened in 1825 at a cost of $7.5 million it was a great commercial success and earned back its cost in seven years.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q123'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Boston Associates</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q123_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[group of wealthy New England merchants turned manufacturers who put New England on the road to industrialization. Organized by Francis Lowell.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q124'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Rhode Island system</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q124_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[textile manufacturing system (developed by Samuel Slater and others) that employed carefully supervised entire families in the production of textiles.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q125'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Eli Whitney</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q125_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Northern inventor of the cotton-engine (or gin) that revolutionized the production of cotton and, consequently, the southern economy.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q126'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Francis Cabot Lowell</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q126_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[wealthy Bostonian who secretly copied English textile machine designs. Organized the Boston Associates to finance mills that used unskilled female workers who lived in company-owned and supervised boarding houses.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q127'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>"sweated" trade</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q127_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[a subcontracting system that developed first in clothing manufacturing. A few skilled male tailors made pattern pieces and did custom work while large numbers of underpaid females sewed the clothing pieces together. The unskilled females worked longer hours for lower wages than did the skilled males.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q128'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>Waltham system</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q128_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[labor system employed by the Boston Associates. Utilized young, single women from the farms of northern New England. The workers lived in carefully supervised boardinghouses and followed a strict set of conduct rules, both on and off the job. The workers were well known as sober, dignified, and self-respecting, unlike workers in other places. They became, in the end, a self- respecting sisterhood of independent, wage-earning women.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q129'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>up-country</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q129_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[eastern slopes of the Appalachians from the Chesapeake through Georgia, the western slopes of the mountains in Kentucky and Tennessee, the pine-covered hill country of northern Mississippi and Alabama, parts of Texas and Louisiana, most of the Ozark Plateau in Missouri and Arkansas. Home to most of the small farms in the South, these lands were too high, cold, isolated, and wooded to support plantation crops.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q130'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>"subsistence plus" agriculture</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q130_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[practiced by a majority of southern yeomen and involved mixing farming for household subsistence and neighborhood exchange with a small surplus or cash crop sent to market. Farmers would put most of their land into subsistence crops and livestock, cultivating only a few acres of cotton. With the income generated from their small cotton crops, they could pay their debts and taxes and buy coffee, tea, sugar, tobacco, cloth, and shoes. This system allowed farmers to enter the market when they wished; it kept them from ever being dominated by it.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q131'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[<b>alcoholic republic</b>]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q131_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[By the 1830s, the national consumption of distilled spirits reached five gallons per capita, the high mark in American history. Whiskey was considered safer than water and was cheaper than coffee or tea. The rise in drinking correlated with greater mobility among the population as improved transportation systems took more people further away from their homes for employment.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q132'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Explore changes in the local rural economies of the United States in the early nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q132_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The nineteenth-century market revolution helped to usher in dramatic changes in the social and economic life of farmers in rural America. Before the nineteenth century (even several decades into it), most of rural America was relatively isolated from markets and, thus, from market control. Most farmers produced enough goods for home use and more for local exchange with neighbors or local storekeepers. Little of this produce was exchanged outside of each community, a form of exchange that cemented the bonds of community<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>central to the survival of pre-industrial households. Little cash exchanged hands, and storekeeper accounts usually were settled in goods and services. Most farmers exchanged not only goods with each other but capital equipment and services as well. This process was known in some areas as "neighboring." The market revolution of the early nineteenth century forever changed these precommercial local communities, giving farmers opportunities to purchase factory- made textiles and other domestic items. In order to purchase goods, farmers needed cash, and the only way to obtain cash was by increasing agricultural production and adopting commercial patterns. The new transportation systems allowed farmers the opportunity to do just that. With increased production came increased ties to the market and, eventually, the decline of the old community-oriented way of life.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q133'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe Samuel Slater's importance to industrialization in the United States.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q133_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Before the arrival of Samuel Slater in the United States, the nation was, at best, backward as an industrial center. England was the major industrial power, the nation that Alexander Hamilton argued that the United States should emulate. Through the first several decades of the new republic, however, the nation seemed to be heeding Jefferson's warnings against industrialization. Samuel Slater, among others, helped to alter the nation's economic direction. Slater left England illegally. (As a skilled textile engineer, he was supposed to remain in England, by English law.) He arrived in the United States with the plans to Arkwright's spinning mill memorized in detail. Once in the United States, Slater, with financial support from Moses Brown, built the first fully contained (all processes of operation included) spinning mill in the United States (in Pawtucket, Rhode Island). In this way, Slater revolutionized the textile industry. Textiles no longer had to be constructed primarily in the home. In the mill, entire families were employed by the new textile manufacturers. Children would work the machinery inside (the new technology replaced the need for skilled artisans to work the wheels), and their parents would farm small plots and participate in various types of outwork. Although this system soon was replaced by larger, more heavily capitalized factory enterprises, Slater's mill marked an important turning point in the economic history of America.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q134'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Examine the transportation revolution in the period from 1800 to 1840.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q134_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The transportation revolution of the nineteenth century had many stages, beginning with pretechnical aspects and culminating in the railroads of mid-century. Two things were central to the revolution: first, technological advances in the area of transportation vehicles and second, significant advances in transportation systems. Even in the late eighteenth century, the federal government and the states already were debating whether turnpikes would allow for speedier transportation of goods and, therefore, would increase commerce. By 1810, the debate shifted to the funding of canals. Canals, the most important of which was the Erie, were especially important since they allowed for the rapid movement of ships and boats at a far reduced cost for the shipper. Canals connected areas that were not served by rivers but that were especially rich in agricultural production. For example, the Erie Canal linked the Genesee Valley and the "Old Northwest" to the New York City market, revolutionizing grain production (and more) in the United States. Equally important to these transportation systems were developments in transportation vehicles, such as the steamboat, which made commercial agriculture feasible in the West. One example of the impact of the steamboat is the dramatic increase in market-bound produce after steamboat travel was introduced. In 1810, only 60,000 tons of produce was shipped from western areas. By 1840, this number increased to 500,000 tons.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q135'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the market revolution. What were its causes and repercussions?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q135_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the period before 1815, the United States was primarily a rural, agrarian-based economy. Although Alexander Hamilton exhorted his fellow Americans to engage more fully in commercial enterprises (and called on the federal government to do the same), little movement had taken place in this direction. The 1812 war, as well as the end of the Napoleonic conflicts in Europe, convinced many American merchants and financiers to devote more attention to internal trade and commerce and less to overseas trade. Beginning in the last years of the eighteenth century, but not developing in earnest until after 1815, merchants began to increase their investments in both internal trade networks (canals and turnpikes) as well as in fledgling industries. Western rural communities were brought into commercial exchange systems because of dramatic developments in transportation and marketing. This introduction of previously unused farmland (in western New York and the "Old Northwest") all but destroyed agricultural production in New England, preparing that region for industrial development (textile mills and outwork production). As transportation systems developed further (with the Erie Canal, for example), the cost and time that it took to market items decreased substantially, further accelerating market development.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q136'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the home life of Americans in the first-half of the nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q136_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The development of a market economy changed the lifestyle of those families most directly involved in the new trends. One noticeable change occurred in the size of families: The average number of children was reduced from 6.4 in 1800 to 4.9 by 1849. The change was most common in the North where new farming techniques and the expansion of livestock production lessened labor requirements. In poor southern communities, which continued production of traditional labor-intensive crops, large families were still the rule. For many Americans, the concept of housework and gender distinctions between "man's work" and "woman's work" also changed. Previously female duties such as dairy farming, vegetable gardening, and poultry production were taken over by men when these activities became more profitable than field work. Within the household, women's roles altered as the number of children declined and as outside responsibilities were reduced. The market economy offered women better stoves, a variety of food products, manufactured cloth and clothing, and cleaning utensils. Women could devote more time to nurturing and instructing their children, baking pies and cakes, and decorating and cleaning their homes. They dressed their families in clean, pressed clothing, and improved the appearance and comfort of their surroundings. More families painted their houses and fences, planted flowers and shade trees, added on extra bedrooms, lighted their homes with oil lamps, and dined on tables set with table cloths and china dishes. The privacy, comfort, and attractiveness of prosperous American households improved as the nation became more market oriented.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q137'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe factory work in the Rhode Island and Waltham systems at the beginning of the American Industrial Revolution.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q137_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the 1820s, the expansion of the market economy in the rural United States ignited an industrial revolution in rapidly growing cities as factories were created to serve the rural markets. In Rhode Island the first American factories opened when mills were built for textile manufacturing. In these early years, the workforce came from entire families who moved to company built and owned villages which surrounded the mills. These communities were closely supervised and controlled. While production of finished cloth soared, jobs were plentiful and workers were generally well-treated. However, one trade-off was the loss of worker and household independence. A similar situation existed in Waltham, Massachusetts, another area of early factory development. Here young, single women from rural backgrounds came to live and work in carefully supervised factory towns. These workers were part and parcel of the many changes in society brought by industrialization that would usher in a more individualistic, acquisitive republic in the years to come. The Waltham workers became a self- respecting sisterhood of independent, strong-willed women. Twice, in the 1830s, they went on strike for better wages.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q138'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Explore the beginnings of textile manufacturing in New England in the period 1790 to 1830.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q138_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address several key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Background to industrialization</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Samuel Slater</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Moses Brown and Pawtucket, Rhode Island</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Importance</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Development of the Rhode Island system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Entire families engaged in production</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Small-scale operations</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Industrialization grows</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Francis Cabot Lowell</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Boston Associates</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Lowell mills</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Lowell (or Waltham) system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Young women operators</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Implications</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">Repercussions</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Development of wage labor</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Independent artisans undermined</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Rise of unskilled workforce</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Early work conditions generally good</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q139'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Discuss the role of the transportation revolution in creating the market economy of the nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q139_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Essay should address certain key points:<br><div style="font-size:2pt"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td>A.</td><td colspan="3">Rural transportation problems in 1815</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">East of Appalachians</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Primitive to nonexistent facilities</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Cost of transporting goods</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">West of Appalachians</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Undeveloped resources</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Utilization of Ohio-Mississippi River system</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Time frame for transporting goods</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>B.</td><td colspan="3">Improvements in transportation</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Roads</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>National Road built by Congress</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Lancaster Turnpike built by Pennsylvania</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Steamboats</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td><i>Clermont</i> launched by Robert Fulton</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Impact on trade</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>3.</td><td colspan="2">Canals</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Erie Canal built by New York</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Canal boom in the Northwest and Northeast</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>4.</td><td colspan="2">Railroads</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Rivers and canals linked by rails</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Impact of railroads on other transportation systems</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>C.</td><td colspan="3">Repercussions</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>1.</td><td colspan="2">Time and money</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>a.</td><td>Turnpikes, canals, and steamboats reduce costs</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>b.</td><td>Railroads and steamboats increase speed</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>c.</td><td>Foreign trade expands</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> </td><td>2.</td><td colspan="2">Markets and regions<span style="font-family:'Symbol'">¾</span>North and South</td></tr><tr height="0" style="border:none"><td width="7%"></td><td width="7%"></td><td width="6%"></td><td width="80%"></td></tr></table>]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> </POOL>