| A. | Howe brothers (William and Richard) and large British armada arrive in New York City | ||
| 1. | Attempt to wear down Washington's army | ||
| a. | Best chance for British to win the war | ||
| b. | Size and capabilities of British forces | ||
| 2. | Peace offerings to Continental Congress | ||
| a. | Attempt to convince Congress to surrender | ||
| b. | Full pardons offered | ||
| B. | Campaign for New York City | ||
| 1. | Battles for Long Island, Manhattan, White Plains, and Brooklyn | ||
| 2. | Washington defeated, but escapes | ||
| 3. | Washington's Trenton-Princeton campaign leads to evacuation of New Jersey | ||
| C. | Burgoyne and Saratoga campaign | ||
| 1. | Failure of Howe to reinforce Burgoyne | ||
| 2. | Communications problems inherent in the war | ||
| 3. | Defeat of Burgoyne at Saratoga | ||
| D. | Reasons for British failure | ||
| 1. | Sympathetic leanings of Howes | ||
| a. | Howe brothers both suspected of some sympathy toward American cause (why they were given command) | ||
| b. | Results | ||
| 2. | Jealousies among commanding officers | ||
| 3. | Logistical problems | ||
| a. | Conflicting strategy | ||
| b. | Consequences | ||
| A. | Desires and goal of large states' representatives | ||
| 1. | Edmund Randolph and Virginia Plan | ||
| a. | Bicameral legislature apportioned by population | ||
| b. | No mention of taxation and trade regulation | ||
| 2. | William Paterson and New Jersey Plan | ||
| a. | Continuance of the existing Congress by granting it the power to levy imposts | ||
| b. | Regulate trade and commerce | ||
| c. | Retain state equality in Congress | ||
| 3. | Connecticut Compromise | ||
| a. | State equality in one house | ||
| b. | Proportional representation in the second | ||
| A. | Implications for women | ||
| 1. | Women gain added authority | ||
| a. | Gain control of household while males are away at war | ||
| b. | Few changes in practices of coverture and divorce | ||
| c. | Literacy | ||
| 2. | Republican motherhood | ||
| a. | Women given expanded educational role within the household | ||
| b. | Women became the inculcators of virtue and patriotism of their husbands and sons | ||
| B. | Implications for black Americans | ||
| 1. | British offer freedom to blacks who fight for the crown | ||
| a. | Many blacks use the war to emancipate themselves | ||
| b. | Consequences | ||
| 2. | Ideology of the Revolution encourages abolition | ||
| a. | Pennsylvania and northern states lead path to emancipation | ||
| b. | Debates begin in southern states, but planters resistant to abolition | ||
| c. | On balance, Revolution ended slavery in the North, and in the South, reforms to humanize the institution were encouraged. | ||
| A. | State constitutions | ||
| 1. | Areas of agreement | ||
| a. | Importance of written constitution | ||
| b. | Reliance on popular sovereignty | ||
| 2. | Models for state governments | ||
| a. | Virginia constitution | ||
| b. | Pennsylvania constitution | ||
| c. | Massachusetts constitution | ||
| B. | Articles of Confederation | ||
| 1. | Basic provisions | ||
| a. | Representation | ||
| b. | Taxes and trade | ||
| c. | Monetary policy | ||
| d. | State powers | ||
| 2. | Ratification | ||
| a. | Land claims and disputes | ||
| b. | Maryland and Virginia compromise | ||
| C. | Major problems | ||
| 1. | Discontent in the army | ||
| a. | Mutiny in Pennsylvania | ||
| b. | "Fort Wilson" riot | ||
| c. | Congressional reforms | ||
| 2. | Legislative issues | ||
| a. | Amendments require unanimous state approval | ||
| b. | No power to pass or enforce laws | ||
| 3. | Western land policies | ||
| a. | Expansion into Kentucky and Tennessee | ||
| b. | Conflict with Indians and Spanish | ||
| c. | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | ||
| 4. | Monetary problems | ||
| a. | Trade imbalance with England | ||
| b. | Paying the nation's debts | ||
| c. | Shays's Rebellion | ||