HST 203 (Escobar-META 40479 41109): Midterm Exam

This exam has 81 questions worth 85 points (there is one 5 point matching question). Take your time, and review your answers before you click the Submit All and Finish button at the bottom.

The first 20 questions should look familiar as they come directly from the computer quizzes you've been taking each week.

1

Marks: 1

By the treaty ending the Spanish-American War, the United States acquired all of the following territories EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. Cuba.
	b. Puerto Rico.
	c. Guam.
	d. Philippines.

2

Marks: 1

According to the text, the underlying weakness of the American economy in the 1920s was

Choose one answer.

	a. the lack of strong organized labor defending the gains of workers.
	b. unequal distribution of wealth with the greatest concentration in the hands of a small number of people.
	c. indifferent and misguided political and economic policies of the Republicans.
	d. massive debts remaining from the war which drained capital from the private sector.

3

Marks: 1

The typical progressive reformer was all of the following EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. American-born.
	b. of Anglo-Saxon ancestry.
	c. Catholic.
	d. middle class.

4

Marks: 1

American public opinion regarding Cuba was influenced by all of the following events EXCEPT the

Choose one answer.

	a. sensational and distorted reporting of newspapers owned by William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.
	b. Spanish Ambassador's, Depuy de Lome, characterization of President McKinley as spineless.
	c. sinking of the battleship Maine in Havana harbor.
	d. loss of profit by American sugar producers in Cuba.

5

Marks: 1

Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet member, was appointed as

Choose one answer.

	a. Secretary of the Interior.
	b. Attorney General.
	c. Secretary of Labor.
	d. Secretary of Housing and Urban Affairs.

6

Marks: 1

FDR responded to the Supreme Court's nullifying of New Deal legislation by

Choose one answer.

	a. pressuring the Senate to impeach several conservative justices.
	b. ignoring the ruling of the courts in the tradition of Andrew Jackson.
	c. getting J. Edgar Hoover to gather information to blackmail the justices.
	d. trying to expand the size of the court and pack it with New Dealers.

7

Marks: 1

The major issue of the 1928 presidential election between Al Smith and Herbert Hoover was

Choose one answer.

	a. whether or not prohibition should be repealed.
	b. United States membership in the League of Nations.
	c. religion, because Smith was Roman Catholic.
	d. the economic crisis brought on by the stock market crash.

8

Marks: 1

When confronted with the growing economic crisis after the stock market crash, Hoover responded

Choose one answer.

	a. by resigning.
	b. with massive federal assistance and relief programs for individuals and corporations.
	c. optimistically that prosperity would soon return and urged private charities to meet social needs.
	d. by spending federal money to get the economy working again.

9

Marks: 1

Hoover established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to

Choose one answer.

	a. assist Southern sharecroppers in purchasing their own land.
	b. make money available to invest in the stock market.
	c. make government credit available to banks and other financial institutions.
	d. provide funds to state and local agencies which were running out of money for relief.

10

Marks: 1

The Attorney General who orchestrated a campaign to root subversive radicalism during the "Red Scare" was

Choose one answer.

	a. Mitchell Palmer.
	b. Andrew Melton.
	c. Philander C. Knox.
	d. James C. Cox.

11

Marks: 1

The Zimmerman telegram exposed German

Choose one answer.

	a. sabotage plans on American industry.
	b. plans for sinking the Lusitania.
	c. offers of an alliance to Mexico and the promise of a return of lands lost to the United States.
	d. plans to assassinate key British, American, and French political leaders.

12

Marks: 1

During FDR's second term, the Supreme Court declared __________ unconstitutional.

Choose one answer.

	a. Works Progress Administration
	b. Tennessee Valley Authority
	c. National Industrial Recovery Act
	d. Federal Emergency Relief Act

13

Marks: 1

The 1920 census revealed that

Choose one answer.

	a. the majority of Americans were not native-born.
	b. the majority of Americans for the first time were living in towns or cities.
	c. those of Anglo-Saxon descent no longer constituted a majority of the population.
	d. most African Americans now lived in the North.

14

Marks: 1

The text argues Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring legacy was his

Choose one answer.

	a. use of federal power to conserve the natural world.
	b. efforts to treat labor fairly.
	c. support for social and political reforms.
	d. attack on trusts.

15

Marks: 1

The Pure Food and Drug Act was passed as a direct result of the

Choose one answer.

	a. publication of Steffen's The Shame of the Cities.
	b. publication of Sinclair's The Jungle.
	c. discovery of fingers in canned sausages.
	d. European nations' ban on the import of American meat products.

16

Marks: 1

The symbolic end to the 1920s came with the

Choose one answer.

	a. eruption of war in Europe again.
	b. repeal of prohibition in 1930.
	c. stock market crash of 1929.
	d. sweeping electoral victories of the Democrats.

17

Marks: 1

The Committee on Public Information which provided the government's view of the war was headed by the Progressive journalist

Choose one answer.

	a. Lincoln Steffens.
	b. George Creel.
	c. Ida Wells.
	d. Upton Sinclair.

18

Marks: 1

The writer who argued American aspirations for world power could only be fulfilled with a powerful navy was

Choose one answer.

	a. Robert Peary.
	b. Theodore Roosevelt.
	c. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
	d. Elihu Root.

19

Marks: 1

Most Republicans objected to the Treaty of Versailles because

Choose one answer.

	a. membership in the League of Nations required the United States to defend fellow members.
	b. excessive reparations were imposed on Germany.
	c. Britain gained Germany's colonies in the Pacific.
	d. German military leaders were pardoned for war crimes and would not stand trial.

20

Marks: 1

The Agricultural Adjustment Act

Choose one answer.

	a. provided lower mortgage rates to farmers.
	b. provided benefits similar to those received by industrial workers.
	c. fixed minimum prices for the seven leading commodities.
	d. paid farmers to destroy surplus livestock and take land off production.

21

Marks: 1

According to the Primary Source Document, Booker T. Washington's message to Progressive Era African Americans urged them to

Choose one answer.

	a. focus on economic improvement and self-reliance.
	b. stand up for their civil rights.
	c. migrate to the West.
	d. migrate to the North.
	e. establish black colleges for professional, collegial studies.

22

Marks: 1

According to the Primary Source Document, W.E.B. Du Bois, the African American leader who advocated higher education as a means of achieving equality,

Choose one answer.

	a. challenged Booker T. Washington's message on the grounds that it accepted the idea of black racial inferiority.
	b. sought complete equality with whites.
	c. founded the Niagra Movement, which eventually became the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
	d. did not fear that his stance on civil rights antagonized white Americans.
	e. all of the above

23

Marks: 1

According to the Primary Source Document, this Progressive reformer used her pen and her newspaper Free Speech to condemn the practice of lynching, which kept African Americans throughout the United States living in fear through the decades of the late 19th and early 20th century.

Choose one answer.

	a. Sojourner Truth
	b. Jane Addams
	c. Victoria Woodhull
	d. Ida B. Wells-Barnett
	e. Eleanor Roosevelt

24

Marks: 1

Read the following for the next question.

    1. "American factories are making more than the American people can use; American soil is producing more than they can consume. Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours... Our institutions will follow our flag on the wings of commerce."

    2. "The founders... made it an unwritten law that no area should be brought within the bounds of the Republic which did not and could not, sustain a race equipped in all essentials for the maintenance of free civilization and, capable of upholding within its boundaries a republican form of government. Therefore, if we adopt a policy of acquiring tropical countries, where republics cannot live, we overturn the theory upon which this Government is established."

    3. "Having therefore no foreign establishments, either colonial or military, the ships of war of the United States, in war, will be like land birds, unable to fly far from their own shores. To provide resting places for them, where they can coal and repair, would be one of the first duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of the nation at sea..."

    4. ". . . the work which the English race began when it colonized North America is destined to go on until every land on the earth's surface that is not already the seat of an old civilization shall become English in its language, in its religion, in its political habits and traditions, and to a predominant extent in the blood of its people..."

Which of the above quotes was most likely spoken by an Anti-Imperialist?

Choose one answer.

	a. 4
	b. 1 & 2
	c. 2
	d. 3 & 4
	e. 3

25

Marks: 1

Which country abandoned the Triple Alliance and instead joined the Allies in 1915?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1
	b. 2
	c. 3
	d. 4
	e. none of the above

26

Marks: 1

Which country signed the Treaty of Brest Litovsk with Germany in 1918, thus leaving war to the other Allied Powers?

Choose one answer.

	a. 2
	b. 6
	c. 4
	d. 5
	e. 7

27

Marks: 1

Which neutral country was invaded by Germany at the start of the war, thus angering the United States?

Choose one answer.

	a. 4
	b. 6
	c. 7
	d. 3
	e. 5

28

Marks: 1

Which of the following countries were members of the Triple Alliance?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1,2,3
	b. 3,4,5
	c. 1,2,6
	d. 3,4,6
	e. 2,3,7

29

Marks: 1

Which of the following countries were referred to as the "Allies"

Choose one answer.

	a. 3,4,5
	b. 2,3,6
	c. 1,2,3
	d. 1,2,7
	e. 1,2,6

30

Marks: 1

At the Treaty of Versailles, which country was blamed for the entire war and was made to pay reparations?

Choose one answer.

	a. 4
	b. 3
	c. 8
	d. 6
	e. 7

31

Marks: 1

Many new countries emerged from territorial changes made at Versailles. Poland and Yugoslavia were two of the largest and most important changes made to the map of Europe. Find them.

Choose one answer.

	a. 7&8
	b. 6&7
	c. 4&5
	d. 4&8
	e. 3&8

32

Marks: 5

Match the New Deal Agency with its description.

Brought the stock market under government regulation
Provided old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and welfare benefits for dependent children
Supplied environmental and forestry jobs to young men during the Great Depression
This became the first government owned electric power company
Helped to increase the price of farm products by causing shortages

33

Marks: 1

The 16th, 17th, 18th, & 19th Amendments are, respectively:

Choose one answer.

	a. the income tax, woman suffrage, the direct election of senators, prohibition
	b. the income tax, the direct election of senators, prohibition, woman suffrage
	c. woman suffrage, the direct election of senators, prohibition, the income tax
	d. primary elections, the income tax, woman suffrage, the direct election of senators
	e. none of the above

34

Marks: 1

Identify this leader of the women's suffrage movement whose radical ideas included forming a National Women's Party and proposing an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.

Choose one answer.

	a. Anna Howard Shaw
	b. Susan B. Anthony
	c. Alice Paul
	d. Lucy Stone
	e. Julia Ward Howe

35

Marks: 1

Considering the Scopes Trial spectrum of the 1920's, with modernism on one side and fundamentalism on the other, which of the following terms is out of place or does not belong with the others?

Choose one answer.

	a. rural
	b. traditional
	c. literal interpretation of the Bible
	d. conservative
	e. Darwinian science

36

Marks: 1

Incidents involving the Lusitania and Sussex graphically illustrated

Choose one answer.

	a. the risks American merchants took in selling contraband to the Allies.
	b. the Allies' refusal to recognize American neutral rights.
	c. the difficulty of remaining neutral in the face of German submarine activity.
	d. the difficulty of protecting American ships in a war zone.
	e. that Wilson's Proclamation of Neutrality was working

37

Marks: 1

In announcing resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917, Germany expected that

Choose one answer.

	a. antiwar sentiment in the United States would keep the nation out of the war.
	b. Americans would not care, since it would not affect American interests.
	c. the American navy could be destroyed in less than six months.
	d. the Allies would be defeated before the United States could mobilize.
	e. Wilson would need to stay out of the war if he wished to be re-elected

38

Marks: 1

Underlying weaknesses in the American economy in the 1920s that contributed to the coming of the Great Depression included all of the following EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. wages that did not keep up with productivity.
	b. overproduction in industry and agriculture.
	c. unequal distribution of wealth.
	d. a tight credit policy that limited borrowing.

39

Marks: 1

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of American “nativism” (Presented in class by your instructor, according to historian John Higham in his book Strangers in the Land)?

Choose one answer.

	a. anti-Catholic
	b. reactionary nationalist
	c. racial
	d. anti-radical
	e. all are correctly associated

40

Marks: 1

Which of the following terms is INACCURATELY defined and related to the events of WWI?

Choose one answer.

	a. General John J. Pershing - leader of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe
	b. conscription - the draft of able bodied individuals into the armed forces
	c. Western Front - the battle front in which most American soldiers fought and which was characterized by trench warfare
	d. armistice - in warfare, the unconditional surrender of one country to another
	e. machine gun – one of the new weapons used in the Great War, along with airplanes, submarines, and poison gas

41

Marks: 1

The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920's was all of the following EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. anti-nativist
	b. anti-Catholic
	c. anti-Semitic (Jewish)
	d. anti-Black
	e. anti-foreigner (immigrant)

42

Marks: 1

The Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918 were enacted to

Choose one answer.

	a. enlist women in the war effort
	b. curtail dissent among opponents of the war
	c. to help southern blacks move north and get factory jobs
	d. to send all Germans in America back to Germany
	e. overcome the Supreme Court decision in Schenk v. U.S. 1919

43

Marks: 1

The “Bonus Army” of 1932

Choose one answer.

	a. were World War I veterans who marched on Washington during the Great Depression to lobby for immediate cash payments of their veterans’ bonuses
	b. were farmers who threatened to dump milk and other agricultural products if they did not receive a government bonus for not producing farm surpluses
	c. were trade unionists who marched on Washington when industrialists refused to pay the bonuses stipulated in union contracts
	d. were young people who marched in the Civilian Conservation Corps
	e. none of the above

44

Marks: 1

The "Big Four" at the peace conference following World War I included all of these EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. David Lloyd George of Britain
	b. Vitorio Orlando of Italy
	c. George Clemenceau of France
	d. Vladimir Lenin of Russia
	e. Woodrow Wilson of the United States

45

Marks: 1

President Wilson returned home from the peace conference to find opposition to the Treaty of Versailles because

Choose one answer.

	a. the treaty was not harsh enough on Germany
	b. Under the Treaty, the US army was to remain in Europe
	c. the Senate was opposed to the League of Nations, specifically Article X
	d. the US gained no territory from the war
	e. none of the above

46

Marks: 1

The immediate event that triggered the war in Europe in 1914 was

Choose one answer.

	a. the death of Bismarck.
	b. the sinking of the Lusitania.
	c. the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary.
	d. the German invasion of Belgium.
	e. the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

47

Marks: 1

To raise money for World War I, the American government resorted to which of the following two devices?

Choose one answer.

	a. taxes and foreign loans
	b. bond sales and income taxes
	c. foreign loans and the printing press
	d. the printing press and bond sales
	e. income taxes and the printing press

48

Marks: 1

Which of the following organizations or agencies is INCORRECTLY paired with its leader or founder?

Choose one answer.

	a. League of Nations – Woodrow Wilson
	b. American Federation of Labor - Samuel Gompers
	c. New Democratic Party Coalition - Franklin Delano Roosevelt
	d. National American Women's Suffrage Association - Carrie Chapman Catt
	e. all are correctly paired

49

Marks: 1

Wilson's Fourteen Points included all of the following EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. the principle of self-determination and freedom of the seas.
	b. ending economic barriers to international trade (tariffs)
	c. mandated democratic elections in the newly created states.
	d. a League of Nations and the creation of new Eastern European states.
	e. an end to secret treaties between nations.

50

Marks: 1

Which of the following developments did NOT occur in the 1920

Choose one answer.

	a. The first “talking” motion picture and a rise in gangsterism & illegal activity
	b. The development of commercial radio and general economic prosperity
	c. The Monkey Trial of John Scopes in Dayton, Tennessee and an increase in women
	d. The end of Prohibition and an interest in international affairs
	e. The rebirth of Ku Klux Klan and increased nativism

51

Marks: 1

Which of the following was NOT considered a criticism of FDR's New Deal from the Left?

Choose one answer.

	a. Huey Long's Share Our Wealth program of economic redistribution
	b. GOP Conservatives and Big business complaints in the New Deal's bureaucratic "make work" programs
	c. Charles Coughlin's plan to nationalize the country's banks
	d. Francis Townshend's Plan to give federal money each month to retired people over 60 years of age
	e. all of the above are criticisms by the Left

52

Marks: 1

Refer to the cartoon for this question. As president, Calvin Coolidge felt that his primary function was to

Choose one answer.

	a. regulate monopolies.
	b. keep government out of the way of business.
	c. provide social services.
	d. mediate between labor and capital.

53

Marks: 1

Which of the following terms or phrases is NOT related to the period of American imperialism at the turn of the century?

Choose one answer.

	a. "white man's burden"
	b. "Remember the Maine"
	c. "return to normalcy"
	d. "splendid little war"
	e. "survival of the fittest"

54

Marks: 1

What can you infer from this political cartoon?

Choose one answer.

	a. That people in the state of Kansas are ignorant
	b. That elements of the 1925 Scopes Trial continue to be issues that people are dealing with today
	c. That there is certainly a clear separation of church and state in this country
	d. That freedom of speech is under attack, just as it was in the Schenk vs. U.S. case during WWI
	e. That all science teachers are really just one of three different kinds of monkeys

55

Marks: 1

You can infer all of the following about the state of economic affairs in the U.S. during this time period EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. The wealthiest citizens were becoming wealthier
	b. The poorest citizens were poorer in 1929 than they were in 1918
	c. The wealthiest fifth always had more than all other groups combined
	d. The second wealthiest fifth always had more than twice the amound the lowest fifth did
	e. The decade of the 1920's positively affected the wealthiest fifth

56

Marks: 1

According to the historians in the video clip, American socialism was not the same as Russian communism, although the two are often incorrectly treated as the same. Who was the most prominent socialist leader in the United States at the turn of the century according to them?

Choose one answer.

	a. Emma Goldman.
	b. Eugene V. Debs.
	c. Lincoln Steffens.
	d. William Haywood.
	e. Upton Sinclair

57

Marks: 1

During the Red Scare which followed WWI, this anarchist was arrested for speaking out against the war, and along with a number of other radicals, was put on a ship and send to Russia, banished by the federal government from ever returning to the United States as a citizen.

Choose one answer.

	a. Emma Goldman.
	b. Eugene V. Debs.
	c. Nicola Sacco.
	d. Leon Czolgosz.
	e. Bartolomeo Vanzetti

58

Marks: 1

According to the video, which is NOT considered a cause of World War I?

Choose one answer.

	a. imperialism
	b. nativism
	c. militarism
	d. international anarchy
	e. nationalism

59

Marks: 1

According to the video, which of the following was NOT a cause of the increased interest in American imperialism?

Choose one answer.

	a. a new spirit of nationalism was sweeping the country
	b. advocates of a big Navy
	c. the country’s emergence as an industrial giant
	d. the emergence of sensationalized news and the “yellow” press
	e. all of the above were causes

60

Marks: 1

According to the video on WWI, in announcing resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917, Germany expected that

Choose one answer.

	a. antiwar sentiment in the United States would keep the nation out of the war.
	b. Americans would not care, since it would not affect American interests.
	c. the American navy could be destroyed in less than six months.
	d. the Allies would be defeated before the United States could mobilize.
	e. Wilson could not commit troops to the war after running on a platform of "keeping the U.S. out of the war" in the election of 1916

61

Marks: 1

According to the video on the Progressive Impulse, the International Ladies Garment Workers Union gained strength and merged working class women with middle class reformers as a result of the

Choose one answer.

	a. Ludlow Massacre.
	b. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.
	c. "Bread and Roses" strike.
	d. "Uprising of the 20,000."
	e. Massacre on Miller Road

62

Marks: 1

According to the video on the Great Depression, by 1929, the United States alone, of all the industrialized nations, did not have

Choose one answer.

	a. a nationwide system of relief for the poor
	b. a program of financial aid for the elderly
	c. a system of unemployment insurance for the jobless
	d. all of the above
	e. none of the above

63

Marks: 1

Although most women in the 1920's did not model their behavior on the image of the Jazz Age flapper, according to the women in the video on the 1920's, they were seen as

Choose one answer.

	a. prostitutes
	b. poor unfortunate souls
	c. the social elite and the aspiration of many young girls
	d. a symbol of a more traditional America
	e. the "spiritual sister" of the suffragette since both strongly supported feminist political action

64

Marks: 1

The glorification of celebrities (as exemplified in the video on the 1920's) was expressed in all the following ways EXCEPT

Choose one answer.

	a. celebrity endorsements of products in advertising
	b. the idolization of sports celebrities
	c. the hero worship of Charles A. Lindberg
	d. the fascination with the lifestyle of Al Capone and gangsterism
	e. the popularity of colorized movies

65

Marks: 1

During his presidency, Herbert Hoover (according to the video on the Great Depression)

Choose one answer.

	a. grew steadily and increasingly willing to resort to federal spending to pull the country out of the Depression.
	b. was consistently opposed to any level of federal spending.
	c. was consistently willing to use federal money to help end the Depression.
	d. failed to use federal spending to directly feed the American people.
	e. completely abandoned his conservative doctrine of American individualism

66

Marks: 1

According to the video on Imperialism, which of the following was NOT a reason that President McKinley decided to acquire the Philippines?

Choose one answer.

	a. returning them to Spain would be cowardly and dishonorable
	b. the U.S. had a long history of relations with Emelio Aguinaldo, the Philippine president
	c. to turn them over to other imperialist nations would be "bad business"
	d. granting them independence would be irresponsible, since they were “unfit” for self government
	e. the U.S. has a duty to educate, uplift, and Christianize them

67

Marks: 1

What began as an American war to free Cuba was quickly transformed into an American war to seize Spain's colonies.

Answer:

True False

68

Marks: 1

The Treaty of Paris of 1898 brought Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam under formal American control without any payment of American money to Spain.

Answer:

True False

69

Marks: 1

American imperialists were racists; American anti-imperialists were not.

Answer:

True False

70

Marks: 1

Membership in labor unions increased significantly during and immediately after World War I. Although union membership did not grow during the 1920s, it at least did not decline.

Answer:

True False

71

Marks: 1

The video clips clearly illustrate that Presidents Coolidge and Hoover would probably not be elected in our modern age of television and mass media.

Answer:

True False

72

Marks: 1

One of the most serious failures of the Wilson administration during World War I occurred in the poorly organized effort to mobilize the economy for wartime, resulting in government controlled rationing.

Answer:

True False

73

Marks: 1

The one experience that revolutionized women's role in society and contributed to women receiving the right to vote was their contribution to America's fight for democracy in World War I.

Answer:

True False

74

Marks: 1

The influx of American troops and supplies had little effect on the end of World War I.

Answer:

True False

75

Marks: 1

The U.S. position of neutrality was undermined by the British blockade of Germany, which caused trade with Germany to basically grind to a halt while that with the Allies continued.

Answer:

True False

76

Marks: 1

The New Deal was innovative, but it had little effect on the way that Americans saw the role of government in their lives.

Answer:

True False

77

Marks: 1

Hoover had a reputation for being uncompassionate even before the onset of the Depression.

Answer:

True False

78

Marks: 1

The auto industry created a new market for cars, but did not impact other businesses.

Answer:

True False

79

Marks: 1

According to the video on the 1920’s, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested, tried, and eventually executed for robbery and murder, although it is clear that they were punished because they were Italian immigrants who were also anarchists.

Answer:

True False

80

Marks: 1

It is clear from the two election charts that the majority of American's were supportive of FDR in 1932, and that their approval of his New Deal only increased during his first term in office.

Answer:

True False

81

Marks: 1

When interpreting this political cartoon, it is clear that the cartoonist is on the left end if the spectrum in his criticizing of President Franklin Roosevelt.

Answer:

True False

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Preview Midterm Exam

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