1 00:00:01,502 --> 00:00:04,962 - NARRATOR: Previously on the men who built America... 2 00:00:06,173 --> 00:00:09,683 Bruised and battered following the long civil war. 3 00:00:09,760 --> 00:00:13,050 The country has emerged stronger than ever. 4 00:00:17,726 --> 00:00:19,436 American railroads have become 5 00:00:19,520 --> 00:00:22,440 the largest companies in the world. 6 00:00:24,942 --> 00:00:27,072 And through sheer force... 7 00:00:27,152 --> 00:00:29,652 - VANDERBILT: Buy everything you can. 8 00:00:30,239 --> 00:00:32,119 - NARRATOR: ...Cornelius Vanderbilt 9 00:00:32,199 --> 00:00:33,989 has built the biggest. 10 00:00:35,536 --> 00:00:38,156 - VANDERBILT: We're gonna watch them bleed. 11 00:00:42,626 --> 00:00:46,086 - NARRATOR: But a new industry emerges 12 00:00:46,171 --> 00:00:48,011 to challenge the railroads. 13 00:00:52,344 --> 00:00:54,764 Led by John D. Rockefeller. 14 00:00:57,599 --> 00:01:00,179 The age of oil begins. 15 00:01:03,397 --> 00:01:06,817 Soon Vanderbilt and the other railroads see oil 16 00:01:06,900 --> 00:01:08,690 as an opportunity. 17 00:01:10,738 --> 00:01:14,448 - ROCKEFELLER: You want a cartel between oil and railroads. 18 00:01:14,533 --> 00:01:16,873 - NARRATOR: But as railroad men like Tom Scott 19 00:01:16,952 --> 00:01:20,872 and his protégé Andrew Carnegie take on big oil... 20 00:01:22,750 --> 00:01:26,290 ...Rockefeller declares war on the railroads. 21 00:01:26,378 --> 00:01:27,878 - ROCKEFELLER: Shut them down. 22 00:01:27,963 --> 00:01:31,013 - NARRATOR: And brings the industry to its knees. 23 00:01:44,104 --> 00:01:47,864 - (Blues Saraceno playing "Save My Soul") 24 00:01:58,285 --> 00:02:00,655 ♪ When I got to Memphis ♪ 25 00:02:01,497 --> 00:02:04,077 ♪ I put my old baby down ♪ 26 00:02:04,166 --> 00:02:08,086 ♪ He said I can't take you to Heaven ♪ 27 00:02:09,129 --> 00:02:11,879 ♪ I can't save your soul ♪ 28 00:02:12,633 --> 00:02:15,223 ♪ I can't promise forever ♪ 29 00:02:15,302 --> 00:02:16,932 ♪ Whoo ♪ 30 00:02:17,304 --> 00:02:20,854 ♪ With my heart in your hands ♪ 31 00:02:21,266 --> 00:02:25,346 ♪ I can't feel, fell my soul ♪ 32 00:02:32,319 --> 00:02:35,909 - PREACHER: If everyone gathered here would now join me 33 00:02:35,989 --> 00:02:39,239 in the reciting of The Lord's Prayer. 34 00:02:42,287 --> 00:02:45,117 "Our Father who art in Heaven, 35 00:02:45,415 --> 00:02:47,625 hollowed be thy name. 36 00:02:47,709 --> 00:02:50,799 Thy Kingdom come, Thy will be done. 37 00:02:50,879 --> 00:02:53,509 On Earth as it is in Heaven. 38 00:02:54,049 --> 00:02:56,969 Give us this day our daily bread. 39 00:02:57,052 --> 00:02:59,142 And forgive us our trespasses, 40 00:02:59,221 --> 00:03:02,471 As we forgive those who trespass against us. 41 00:03:02,558 --> 00:03:05,138 Lead us not into temptation, 42 00:03:05,227 --> 00:03:07,397 but deliver us from evil. 43 00:03:07,479 --> 00:03:10,109 For Thine is the power and the glory, 44 00:03:10,190 --> 00:03:12,360 forever and ever. Amen." 45 00:03:20,617 --> 00:03:22,407 - NARRATOR: Andrew Carnegie's mentor 46 00:03:22,494 --> 00:03:26,044 is buried on a rainy day just outside of Philadelphia. 47 00:03:28,375 --> 00:03:30,375 He dies a broken man. 48 00:03:30,669 --> 00:03:32,549 Defeated and humiliated. 49 00:03:32,629 --> 00:03:35,589 At the hands of John D. Rockefeller. 50 00:03:40,804 --> 00:03:44,434 The loss is an enormous blow to Carnegie... 51 00:03:54,026 --> 00:03:57,986 Without Tom Scott, Carnegie would be nothing. 52 00:03:59,948 --> 00:04:02,578 - Sir. - Thanks. 53 00:04:02,659 --> 00:04:04,489 - NARRATOR: At the age of 12, 54 00:04:04,578 --> 00:04:06,038 Andrew Carnegie begins working 55 00:04:06,121 --> 00:04:08,961 for a local railroad in Pittsburgh. 56 00:04:09,041 --> 00:04:11,421 There, he meets the company's President, 57 00:04:11,501 --> 00:04:12,461 Tom Scott. 58 00:04:12,544 --> 00:04:14,054 - SCOTT: Andy. 59 00:04:14,129 --> 00:04:16,959 - NARRATOR: Scott takes a liking to young 60 00:04:17,049 --> 00:04:18,049 Carnegie... 61 00:04:18,133 --> 00:04:21,183 ...Hiring him as his personal assistant. 62 00:04:21,261 --> 00:04:26,311 - Now, take this and this to the division superintendent. 63 00:04:26,391 --> 00:04:27,431 - Yes, sir. 64 00:04:30,687 --> 00:04:32,017 This is for you, Sir. 65 00:04:32,105 --> 00:04:33,515 - Ah! Thank you. 66 00:04:33,982 --> 00:04:37,112 - DAVID NASAW: He never expected to work 67 00:04:37,194 --> 00:04:40,574 at 12 years old, he wanted to go to school, 68 00:04:40,656 --> 00:04:42,026 he wanted to grow up. 69 00:04:42,115 --> 00:04:44,365 But the family had absolutely no way 70 00:04:44,451 --> 00:04:47,791 of surviving without sending him to work. 71 00:04:57,297 --> 00:05:01,547 - H.W. BRANDS: Andy is the man of the household. 72 00:05:01,635 --> 00:05:04,715 He realizes fairly early on that he's smart. 73 00:05:04,805 --> 00:05:07,095 He discovers in himself an ambition. 74 00:05:07,182 --> 00:05:11,142 And when Andy Carnegie showed the intelligence, 75 00:05:11,228 --> 00:05:15,818 showed the nerve to take on some of the responsibilities, 76 00:05:15,899 --> 00:05:18,109 Scott realized that this was 77 00:05:18,193 --> 00:05:20,903 somebody to cultivate, somebody to nurture. 78 00:05:22,072 --> 00:05:24,162 - NARRATOR: Tom Scott quickly advances Carnegie 79 00:05:24,241 --> 00:05:25,701 through the ranks. 80 00:05:35,252 --> 00:05:38,172 - STEVE WYNN: Like most young people who get breaks, 81 00:05:38,255 --> 00:05:40,875 luck has a lot to do with it, and timing. 82 00:05:40,966 --> 00:05:44,176 And the second factor besides timing is that, 83 00:05:44,261 --> 00:05:47,561 as a young man, usually all of us would admit 84 00:05:47,639 --> 00:05:50,889 that there was a mentor, a benefactor. 85 00:05:50,976 --> 00:05:54,686 And when an older person who you respect and admire 86 00:05:54,771 --> 00:05:57,821 has confidence in you, it's a great booster 87 00:05:57,899 --> 00:05:59,649 to your own self-confidence. 88 00:06:07,284 --> 00:06:09,744 - NARRATOR: By age 24, Carnegie is promoted 89 00:06:09,828 --> 00:06:12,158 to manager of the company. 90 00:06:15,125 --> 00:06:17,495 Working closely with Scott to oversee 91 00:06:17,586 --> 00:06:20,336 the railroad's expansion west. 92 00:06:29,056 --> 00:06:32,476 - SCOTT: So I bought 100,000 shares at $10 a share, 93 00:06:32,559 --> 00:06:35,349 before news of the contract came out. 94 00:06:35,854 --> 00:06:37,814 When the issue became public, 95 00:06:37,898 --> 00:06:39,978 the shares doubled in value. 96 00:06:42,069 --> 00:06:44,779 The next day, you know what I did? 97 00:06:45,697 --> 00:06:46,907 I sold them. 98 00:06:47,783 --> 00:06:50,243 I didn't have to build a thing. 99 00:06:50,702 --> 00:06:53,332 The key is westward expansion. 100 00:06:53,663 --> 00:06:55,543 - CARNEGIE: Yes, sir. 101 00:07:02,089 --> 00:07:05,759 - Here. This is where I want the bridge. 102 00:07:05,842 --> 00:07:06,972 Right here. 103 00:07:10,055 --> 00:07:11,555 Think you can you do it? 104 00:07:13,183 --> 00:07:13,973 - Yes, sir. 105 00:07:14,017 --> 00:07:16,517 - I know a good designer. James Eads. 106 00:07:16,603 --> 00:07:18,773 He's crazy, but he's a genius. 107 00:07:18,855 --> 00:07:20,355 - Bridge builder, is he? 108 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:23,650 - No. But he's quick, and he's cheap. 109 00:07:24,945 --> 00:07:26,695 He can do anything. 110 00:07:30,951 --> 00:07:31,991 Come. 111 00:07:32,994 --> 00:07:35,294 - NARRATOR: The bridge Scott has outlined... 112 00:07:35,372 --> 00:07:37,622 ...will be the largest in America. 113 00:07:37,707 --> 00:07:42,337 The problem is, Carnegie has no idea how to build it. 114 00:07:44,548 --> 00:07:47,298 A bridge spanning the Mississippi River would connect 115 00:07:47,384 --> 00:07:50,054 east to west like never before. 116 00:07:53,598 --> 00:07:58,848 - DAVID NASAW: The key to success for any railroad 117 00:07:58,937 --> 00:08:02,057 is getting across the Mississippi River. 118 00:08:02,149 --> 00:08:04,189 Once you get across the Mississippi river 119 00:08:04,276 --> 00:08:05,856 you can move west. 120 00:08:05,944 --> 00:08:06,994 The question is: How do you get 121 00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:09,030 across the Mississippi river? 122 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:12,870 - NARRATOR: The bridge will have to be 123 00:08:12,951 --> 00:08:14,621 over a mile long. 124 00:08:21,501 --> 00:08:25,461 One in four bridges built at the time fail. 125 00:08:28,884 --> 00:08:32,804 And nobody has built a rail bridge this big. 126 00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:41,269 But Carnegie knows there's no reward without risk. 127 00:08:41,354 --> 00:08:44,154 He invests everything he has into the bridge. 128 00:08:45,150 --> 00:08:47,070 - H.W. BRANDS: Andy Carnegie stepped up. 129 00:08:47,152 --> 00:08:49,112 He decided he could do it. 130 00:08:49,196 --> 00:08:53,566 One striking thing about Carnegie--and this is true 131 00:08:53,658 --> 00:08:55,528 of the great entrepreneurs-- 132 00:08:55,619 --> 00:08:57,159 they're willing to take risks. 133 00:08:57,245 --> 00:08:59,495 They're willing to roll the dice and bet, 134 00:08:59,581 --> 00:09:01,331 in later days, the whole corporation, 135 00:09:01,416 --> 00:09:03,326 or in this case, bet his career. 136 00:09:18,225 --> 00:09:19,425 - It's no good. 137 00:09:20,685 --> 00:09:21,685 - Why? 138 00:09:21,978 --> 00:09:23,648 - We can't block steamboat traffic. 139 00:09:23,730 --> 00:09:25,400 We've been through this. 140 00:09:26,358 --> 00:09:28,528 - Show me the cantilevered one again. 141 00:09:33,657 --> 00:09:35,777 It's not going to withstand the Mississippi currents. 142 00:09:35,867 --> 00:09:36,987 - So make it stronger. 143 00:09:37,077 --> 00:09:38,737 - It's impossible. 144 00:09:39,037 --> 00:09:40,997 The combined forces from the passenger traffic, 145 00:09:41,081 --> 00:09:42,961 rail freight and the river current will exceed 146 00:09:43,041 --> 00:09:45,251 the tensile strength of iron. 147 00:09:45,335 --> 00:09:47,585 The bridge will collapse. 148 00:09:51,883 --> 00:09:52,883 - Here you go. 149 00:09:52,968 --> 00:09:54,178 - Thank you. 150 00:09:55,887 --> 00:09:58,007 - Nothing's impossible. 151 00:10:00,767 --> 00:10:03,347 - STEVE CASE: You have to be patient and have perseverance 152 00:10:03,436 --> 00:10:05,306 and have a sense of where you want to go, 153 00:10:05,397 --> 00:10:07,977 and having the passion to still believe in your idea 154 00:10:08,066 --> 00:10:10,726 even when everyone else is saying, well, 155 00:10:10,819 --> 00:10:11,609 why are you wasting your time on this. 156 00:10:11,695 --> 00:10:13,855 Obviously it's not happening. 157 00:10:13,947 --> 00:10:15,357 But you know it's going to happen 158 00:10:15,448 --> 00:10:17,948 and you never give up on that idea. 159 00:10:31,256 --> 00:10:32,296 - (sighs) 160 00:10:36,886 --> 00:10:38,596 - How am I supposed to make any money? 161 00:10:38,680 --> 00:10:40,390 - They're worth more than a dollar. 162 00:10:40,473 --> 00:10:42,683 - Five cents, final offer. 163 00:10:43,643 --> 00:10:46,193 - (clanking) 164 00:10:56,656 --> 00:10:58,526 - It's not going to withstand the Mississippi current. 165 00:10:58,616 --> 00:11:00,236 - So make it stronger. 166 00:11:04,789 --> 00:11:07,249 - Maybe if it was made out of steel... 167 00:11:11,713 --> 00:11:13,553 - Nothing's impossible. 168 00:11:27,687 --> 00:11:31,227 - NARRATOR: Steel is the strongest material ever made. 169 00:11:31,316 --> 00:11:33,476 Created by mixing iron with carbon 170 00:11:33,568 --> 00:11:35,648 at over 2,000 degrees. 171 00:11:39,074 --> 00:11:41,374 The problem is, it's extremely expensive, 172 00:11:41,451 --> 00:11:43,831 and difficult to mass produce. 173 00:11:46,039 --> 00:11:48,119 Because steel is so rare, 174 00:11:48,208 --> 00:11:50,668 it's only used to make small items. 175 00:11:50,752 --> 00:11:53,132 Forks, knives, and jewelry. 176 00:11:55,215 --> 00:11:57,795 No one has ever tried to use steel to build 177 00:11:57,884 --> 00:11:59,764 a structure this big. 178 00:12:00,387 --> 00:12:01,467 Until now. 179 00:12:02,055 --> 00:12:03,925 - He's looking into the future. 180 00:12:04,015 --> 00:12:07,345 He looks across the Mississippi and he sees a bridge. 181 00:12:08,186 --> 00:12:11,146 And he's able to see that future. 182 00:12:11,231 --> 00:12:14,901 And then willing to have enough confidence 183 00:12:14,984 --> 00:12:21,034 in his vision to put everything he's got into it, 184 00:12:21,116 --> 00:12:23,736 and he's willing to convince others 185 00:12:23,827 --> 00:12:26,867 that he knows what that future is going to be. 186 00:12:28,581 --> 00:12:30,421 - NARRATOR: In order to complete the bridge, 187 00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:32,670 Carnegie needs to find a way to make a massive 188 00:12:32,752 --> 00:12:34,172 amount of steel. 189 00:12:36,214 --> 00:12:39,764 - DAVID NASAW: He spent a lot of time traveling. 190 00:12:39,843 --> 00:12:42,013 He would go to steel mills, 191 00:12:43,346 --> 00:12:46,926 he would meet with chemists, to figure out, 192 00:12:47,016 --> 00:12:48,766 How do you make this steel? 193 00:12:51,563 --> 00:12:53,523 - NARRATOR: English inventor, Henry Bessemer, 194 00:12:53,606 --> 00:12:57,526 has created a device that cuts the time to 195 00:12:57,610 --> 00:13:03,160 manufacture a single steel rail from two weeks to 1 5 minutes. 196 00:13:05,743 --> 00:13:09,203 Carnegie understands the value of the new technology... 197 00:13:10,081 --> 00:13:12,211 ...And begins to adapt it. 198 00:13:13,209 --> 00:13:15,209 - RON PERELMAN: Every business has some uniqueness, 199 00:13:15,295 --> 00:13:17,125 either a unique talent, 200 00:13:17,213 --> 00:13:19,973 unique product, unique capacity. 201 00:13:20,049 --> 00:13:22,429 And the trick is to find it, 202 00:13:22,510 --> 00:13:25,010 and then find it and capitalize on it. 203 00:13:27,724 --> 00:13:29,434 - NARRATOR: With the steel in place, 204 00:13:29,517 --> 00:13:32,187 Carnegie is able to begin construction. 205 00:14:05,762 --> 00:14:09,012 At just 33, Andrew Carnegie is poised 206 00:14:09,098 --> 00:14:11,638 to realized the impossible... 207 00:14:12,310 --> 00:14:14,060 ...Building the first major bridge 208 00:14:14,145 --> 00:14:16,395 to span the Mississippi River. 209 00:14:16,981 --> 00:14:18,481 Uniting America. 210 00:14:20,276 --> 00:14:24,146 But Carnegie's Decision to use steel has proven costly. 211 00:14:24,239 --> 00:14:26,989 He's already two years behind schedule. 212 00:14:27,075 --> 00:14:29,155 And expenses are mounting. 213 00:14:38,169 --> 00:14:40,339 - DEBT COLLECTOR #1 : "Dear Mr. Carnegie: our records 214 00:14:40,421 --> 00:14:42,761 show that we have not received your payment 215 00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:46,130 of $35,000, which was due on August..." 216 00:14:46,219 --> 00:14:48,549 - DEBT COLLECTOR #2: "Dear Mr. Carnegie: I am writing 217 00:14:48,638 --> 00:14:51,348 to notify you that despite numerous efforts 218 00:14:51,432 --> 00:14:55,022 to obtain final payment for the above invoice, 219 00:14:55,103 --> 00:14:56,523 I have been unsuccessful." 220 00:14:56,604 --> 00:14:57,774 - DEBT COLLECTOR #3: "This letter will serve as 221 00:14:57,855 --> 00:15:00,765 formal notice to you that you are in default of your 222 00:15:00,858 --> 00:15:03,818 obligation to pay the sum of $59,000, 223 00:15:03,903 --> 00:15:05,283 for steel delivered to you." 224 00:15:05,363 --> 00:15:06,243 - DEBT COLLECTOR #2: "...and must now 225 00:15:06,322 --> 00:15:09,372 accelerate collection efforts in accordance with..." 226 00:15:09,450 --> 00:15:11,370 - DEBT COLLECTOR #4: "...and you will be able 227 00:15:11,452 --> 00:15:13,202 to settle this outstanding amount immediately." 228 00:15:13,288 --> 00:15:14,248 - DEBT COLLECTOR #3: "...and we will have 229 00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:16,040 no alternative but to commence legal proceedings 230 00:15:16,124 --> 00:15:17,424 against you." 231 00:15:26,968 --> 00:15:29,598 - DONNY DEUTSCH: I guarantee you if these guys 232 00:15:29,679 --> 00:15:31,389 were alive today they wouldn't be telling you 233 00:15:31,472 --> 00:15:32,722 about their successes. 234 00:15:32,807 --> 00:15:34,517 They would be telling you about their early failures, 235 00:15:34,601 --> 00:15:36,271 or the places they almost failed. 236 00:15:36,352 --> 00:15:37,772 That's the great motivator, 237 00:15:37,854 --> 00:15:39,234 and you have to be able to embrace that. 238 00:15:39,314 --> 00:15:41,404 If you can't embrace both failure, 239 00:15:41,482 --> 00:15:43,442 or the possibility of failure, 240 00:15:43,526 --> 00:15:45,526 or the tremendous fear of failure, 241 00:15:45,612 --> 00:15:47,152 you can't be wildly successful. 242 00:15:47,238 --> 00:15:49,278 It's just, it's an axiomatic truth. 243 00:15:49,657 --> 00:15:51,237 - NARRATOR: With no money left, 244 00:15:51,326 --> 00:15:54,576 Carnegie is forced to bring construction to a halt. 245 00:15:56,998 --> 00:16:00,038 His dream has become a nightmare. 246 00:16:01,711 --> 00:16:05,131 But he's not going down without a fight. 247 00:16:14,265 --> 00:16:18,055 - NARRATOR: The birth of Modern America is well underway. 248 00:16:20,355 --> 00:16:23,895 Trains now touch all four corners of the continent. 249 00:16:23,983 --> 00:16:27,693 Homes across the nation are lit at night. 250 00:16:31,032 --> 00:16:33,242 And the country's most ambitious construction 251 00:16:33,326 --> 00:16:35,656 project is in progress on the banks 252 00:16:35,745 --> 00:16:37,695 of the Mississippi River... 253 00:16:41,334 --> 00:16:43,674 ...led by Andrew Carnegie. 254 00:16:46,756 --> 00:16:49,086 Carnegie has insisted on building his bridge 255 00:16:49,175 --> 00:16:50,545 out of steel... 256 00:16:51,803 --> 00:16:53,803 ...an unproven material. 257 00:16:55,348 --> 00:16:56,718 With huge costs. 258 00:16:59,018 --> 00:17:01,688 Construction is drastically behind schedule. 259 00:17:02,689 --> 00:17:05,069 And dangerously over budget. 260 00:17:07,276 --> 00:17:09,946 Carnegie is under mounting pressure. 261 00:17:11,155 --> 00:17:13,485 - CARLY FIORINA: The difference between people 262 00:17:13,574 --> 00:17:16,124 who succeed and people who fail, I think, 263 00:17:19,163 --> 00:17:21,003 Everyone experiences fear. 264 00:17:21,082 --> 00:17:23,502 The difference is, what do you do with your fear? 265 00:17:23,584 --> 00:17:25,254 Do you work to overcome it? 266 00:17:25,336 --> 00:17:27,296 Or do you let it defeat you? 267 00:17:27,630 --> 00:17:30,380 And I think that is actually what distinguishes 268 00:17:30,466 --> 00:17:33,296 very successful people from others. 269 00:17:33,970 --> 00:17:37,560 NARRATOR: Desperate, Carnegie reaches out to investors, 270 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:40,430 looking for an infusion of cash. 271 00:17:41,394 --> 00:17:44,234 - CARNEGIE: You'll be glad to learn that the building 272 00:17:44,313 --> 00:17:48,653 of the St. Louis bridge is progressing-smoothly. 273 00:17:50,778 --> 00:17:54,238 I am convinced that steel is the future; however, 274 00:17:54,323 --> 00:17:56,623 obtaining such a large quantity of steel 275 00:17:56,701 --> 00:18:00,371 is proving to be difficult, causing us some delays. 276 00:18:00,455 --> 00:18:05,455 It is also proving to be extremely expensive. 277 00:18:06,961 --> 00:18:08,751 My forecast shows that we will require 278 00:18:08,838 --> 00:18:12,298 another million dollars before the year is out. 279 00:18:13,092 --> 00:18:16,142 But I have no doubt that in time the people 280 00:18:16,220 --> 00:18:20,270 will come to see the bridge as the eighth wonder of the world. 281 00:18:21,559 --> 00:18:24,389 Yours sincerely, Andrew Carnegie. 282 00:18:31,527 --> 00:18:34,737 NARRATOR: Carnegie's last-minute pitch works. 283 00:18:35,740 --> 00:18:38,160 He secures the financing he needs. 284 00:18:38,910 --> 00:18:41,450 And finally, after four years, 285 00:18:42,997 --> 00:18:45,167 the bridge is complete. 286 00:18:46,209 --> 00:18:48,129 The results are epic. 287 00:18:50,046 --> 00:18:52,836 But Carnegie now faces a new problem. 288 00:18:53,508 --> 00:18:55,338 - DAVID NASAWL: In St. Louis, 289 00:18:55,426 --> 00:18:59,676 one of the real problems was convincing people 290 00:18:59,764 --> 00:19:01,644 the bridge wasn't going to fall. 291 00:19:02,683 --> 00:19:06,693 I mean nobody had ever seen bridges like this, anywhere. 292 00:19:08,189 --> 00:19:12,189 - NARRATOR: Carnegie sees all the possible uses for steel. 293 00:19:13,778 --> 00:19:16,948 But before he can realize the materials potential... 294 00:19:17,573 --> 00:19:20,873 ...he needs to convince the public of its strength. 295 00:19:26,123 --> 00:19:29,083 And he has a plan to do just that. 296 00:19:33,381 --> 00:19:35,551 A popular superstition at the time, 297 00:19:35,633 --> 00:19:39,553 holds that an elephant won't cross an unstable structure. 298 00:19:53,484 --> 00:19:56,654 - DAVID NASAW: The day the bridge opens, Carnegie, 299 00:19:56,737 --> 00:19:59,107 who is also a master publicist, 300 00:19:59,198 --> 00:20:02,578 sets up a parade across the bridge that's led 301 00:20:02,660 --> 00:20:03,870 by an elephant. 302 00:20:10,668 --> 00:20:12,878 - NARRATOR: It's an incredible gamble. 303 00:20:12,962 --> 00:20:16,172 But Carnegie hopes if the elephant crosses, 304 00:20:16,257 --> 00:20:18,167 the people will follow. 305 00:20:22,722 --> 00:20:23,972 - (cheers) 306 00:20:57,548 --> 00:21:00,178 - DAVID NASAW: As the people of St. Louis look 307 00:21:00,259 --> 00:21:04,849 at this bridge, they see that it can sustain 308 00:21:04,931 --> 00:21:08,021 whatever weight's going to be put on it. 309 00:21:10,311 --> 00:21:12,731 - NARRATOR: When the stunt succeeds, 310 00:21:12,813 --> 00:21:15,403 Carnegie gets more requests for his steel 311 00:21:15,483 --> 00:21:17,823 than he can possibly handle. 312 00:21:19,779 --> 00:21:23,869 And his biggest customer is an industry he knows well. 313 00:21:27,495 --> 00:21:30,325 The railroads are looking to replace their bridges 314 00:21:30,414 --> 00:21:32,374 and rails with steel. 315 00:21:34,877 --> 00:21:37,297 But Carnegie can't produce enough of the new material 316 00:21:37,380 --> 00:21:39,420 to fill all the orders. 317 00:21:39,507 --> 00:21:42,297 He needs to increase his capacity. 318 00:21:42,760 --> 00:21:46,180 And to do that, he needs to raise additional funds. 319 00:21:47,556 --> 00:21:51,176 So he turns to his old mentor, Tom Scott. 320 00:21:53,688 --> 00:21:57,358 With his help, Carnegie raises over $21 million 321 00:21:57,441 --> 00:21:58,981 in today's money. 322 00:22:02,697 --> 00:22:06,407 And with it, he builds his first steel plant. 323 00:22:09,370 --> 00:22:13,920 - DAVID NASAW: He sees the future and he is willing 324 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:17,840 to invest where few other American entrepreneurs 325 00:22:17,920 --> 00:22:23,930 are willing to invest: in these gigantic new plants. 326 00:22:26,137 --> 00:22:27,757 - NARRATOR: Sprawled over 100 acres 327 00:22:27,847 --> 00:22:29,757 just outside of Pittsburgh... 328 00:22:29,849 --> 00:22:33,349 ...Carnegie's steel mill is the largest in the nation. 329 00:22:35,563 --> 00:22:39,823 Capable of rolling out 225 tons of steel a day. 330 00:22:42,570 --> 00:22:45,410 - JIM CRAMER: You have to believe if you're Carnegie 331 00:22:45,489 --> 00:22:47,699 that you're going to have multiple years of growth 332 00:22:47,783 --> 00:22:49,833 where steel is important. 333 00:22:49,910 --> 00:22:53,290 The faith and optimism that someone like Carnegie 334 00:22:53,372 --> 00:22:57,632 had is just off the charts vs. what we see now. 335 00:22:57,710 --> 00:22:59,630 - NARRATOR: With the new plant, 336 00:22:59,712 --> 00:23:03,592 Carnegie can supply as much steel as the country needs. 337 00:23:03,674 --> 00:23:06,184 And make himself a fortune. 338 00:23:11,557 --> 00:23:14,517 But Carnegie's timing couldn't be worse. 339 00:23:19,231 --> 00:23:21,021 After years of overbuilding, 340 00:23:21,108 --> 00:23:24,858 the railroads are suddenly struggling to stay profitable. 341 00:23:25,488 --> 00:23:28,528 - H.W. BRANDS: There were too many railroads at the time. 342 00:23:28,616 --> 00:23:30,866 There wasn't enough traffic to sustain them. 343 00:23:33,412 --> 00:23:36,332 - NARRATOR: With the railroads in dire need of cargo, 344 00:23:36,415 --> 00:23:38,825 John Rockefeller sees an opportunity. 345 00:23:39,919 --> 00:23:43,509 And negotiates better rates for shipping his oil. 346 00:23:44,799 --> 00:23:47,049 But the struggling railroads quickly realize 347 00:23:47,134 --> 00:23:49,094 their business won't survive. 348 00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:53,390 And go back on their word. 349 00:23:54,266 --> 00:23:58,016 Causing Rockefeller to pull his oil from the trains. 350 00:24:04,443 --> 00:24:08,203 Carnegie's mentor, Tom Scott, tries to adjust. 351 00:24:09,448 --> 00:24:12,658 But he can't survive without Rockefeller's oil. 352 00:24:15,746 --> 00:24:17,956 His business is decimated. 353 00:24:19,667 --> 00:24:22,337 And Tom Scott never recovers. 354 00:24:25,506 --> 00:24:28,416 - PREACHER: From ashes to ashes, and dust to dust. 355 00:24:35,224 --> 00:24:38,314 - NARRATOR: Andrew Carnegie has lost his mentor. 356 00:24:42,231 --> 00:24:46,151 The man who meant more to him than anyone else in the world. 357 00:24:50,030 --> 00:24:51,240 - Andy. 358 00:25:00,791 --> 00:25:03,131 Now, take this and this 359 00:25:03,210 --> 00:25:05,420 to the division superintendant. 360 00:25:11,594 --> 00:25:13,474 You think you can do it? 361 00:25:13,554 --> 00:25:14,684 - Yes, sir. 362 00:25:17,933 --> 00:25:20,313 - NARRATOR: As far as Carnegie is concerned, 363 00:25:20,394 --> 00:25:23,354 one man drove Tom Scott to his grave. 364 00:25:32,198 --> 00:25:37,288 And now Andrew Carnegie wants revenge. 365 00:25:46,253 --> 00:25:49,303 America's growth following the civil war, 366 00:25:49,381 --> 00:25:51,381 is nothing short of epic. 367 00:25:53,010 --> 00:25:56,100 Train tracks link east to west as never before. 368 00:25:57,139 --> 00:25:59,719 Oil lights homes from coast to coast. 369 00:26:01,060 --> 00:26:03,690 And steel is remaking the landscape 370 00:26:08,901 --> 00:26:11,571 But just when the growth looks unstoppable... 371 00:26:13,322 --> 00:26:15,622 ...the railroad industry--the backbone 372 00:26:15,699 --> 00:26:18,529 of the American economy--collapses. 373 00:26:19,328 --> 00:26:22,708 And the nation is thrown into the worst depression 374 00:26:22,790 --> 00:26:24,210 it's ever seen. 375 00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:41,600 Andrew Carnegie is on the brink of losing everything. 376 00:26:42,559 --> 00:26:46,349 Without the railroads, he's lost his market for steel. 377 00:26:47,648 --> 00:26:51,608 And he blames his bitter rival, John D. Rockefeller. 378 00:26:52,319 --> 00:26:54,029 Desperate for a new market, 379 00:26:54,113 --> 00:26:57,283 Carnegie notices a trend he can capitalize on. 380 00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:02,749 Unemployed Americans, by the thousands 381 00:27:02,830 --> 00:27:05,670 are flooding cities like New York and Chicago, 382 00:27:05,749 --> 00:27:07,329 in search of work. 383 00:27:08,544 --> 00:27:11,054 And to accommodate the population surge, 384 00:27:11,130 --> 00:27:15,050 buildings are being constructed as fast as possible. 385 00:27:15,718 --> 00:27:19,548 - DAVID NASAW: Carnegie brilliantly begins to see 386 00:27:19,638 --> 00:27:23,978 that the future is not in rails but in structural steel, 387 00:27:24,727 --> 00:27:27,147 in girders, in beams, 388 00:27:27,229 --> 00:27:29,269 to build skyscrapers. 389 00:27:29,356 --> 00:27:31,686 And again, he's ahead of the curve. 390 00:27:33,319 --> 00:27:37,029 - NARRATOR: The world's first skyscraper is built in Chicago. 391 00:27:37,906 --> 00:27:41,486 Its thin brick walls hang on a thick frame 392 00:27:41,577 --> 00:27:43,697 manufactured from Carnegie's steel. 393 00:27:48,208 --> 00:27:51,288 In the next few years, over 100,000 394 00:27:51,378 --> 00:27:54,668 new building are erected in Chicago alone. 395 00:27:55,758 --> 00:28:00,088 - Until steel began to become a major product, 396 00:28:00,179 --> 00:28:04,269 much ofAmerica could not have happened. 397 00:28:05,351 --> 00:28:09,731 America grew up vertically on steel. 398 00:28:14,401 --> 00:28:17,401 - NARRATOR: Modern America is being built using 399 00:28:17,488 --> 00:28:19,068 Carnegie's Steel. 400 00:28:31,418 --> 00:28:34,088 The skyscraper boom makes Andrew Carnegie 401 00:28:34,171 --> 00:28:36,381 one of the wealthiest men in America. 402 00:28:37,132 --> 00:28:39,972 But for Carnegie, it's not enough. 403 00:28:48,435 --> 00:28:50,645 John Rockefeller's personal fortune 404 00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:53,019 is seven times larger than Carnegie's. 405 00:28:53,816 --> 00:28:57,186 A feat he's achieved through a calculated ruthlessness. 406 00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:02,660 Carnegie believes that to avenge his mentor's death, 407 00:29:02,741 --> 00:29:04,871 he must surpass John Rockefeller 408 00:29:04,952 --> 00:29:07,122 as the most powerful man in America. 409 00:29:11,125 --> 00:29:13,745 And to do that, he must find help from someone 410 00:29:13,836 --> 00:29:16,296 even more cutthroat than his rival. 411 00:29:22,052 --> 00:29:24,972 And he knows the perfect man for the job. 412 00:29:29,685 --> 00:29:34,055 Henry Frick is a self-made millionaire by thirty. 413 00:29:35,315 --> 00:29:38,225 He's one of the Midwest's largest coal suppliers. 414 00:29:43,532 --> 00:29:46,282 A ruthless businessman, Frick has reputation 415 00:29:46,368 --> 00:29:47,988 for getting what he wants... 416 00:29:49,413 --> 00:29:51,503 ...by any means necessary. 417 00:29:51,957 --> 00:29:53,287 - FRICK: Carter! 418 00:29:56,211 --> 00:29:57,341 Carter! 419 00:30:00,549 --> 00:30:02,339 This belongs to me now. 420 00:30:08,140 --> 00:30:10,060 Carter! I know you're in there! 421 00:30:27,618 --> 00:30:31,658 - NARRATOR: Hiring Henry Frick will give Carnegie 422 00:30:31,747 --> 00:30:34,077 the merciless edge he lacks. 423 00:30:56,063 --> 00:30:57,483 - Follow me, sir. 424 00:31:05,447 --> 00:31:06,447 - Henry. 425 00:31:06,782 --> 00:31:07,702 - Andrew. 426 00:31:07,783 --> 00:31:09,583 - Good to see you, thank you for coming. 427 00:31:09,660 --> 00:31:10,450 - It's my pleasure. 428 00:31:10,536 --> 00:31:11,406 - Please, sit. 429 00:31:11,495 --> 00:31:12,535 - Thank you. 430 00:31:14,331 --> 00:31:15,541 Whiskey, neat. 431 00:31:15,624 --> 00:31:19,464 - (sniffles) Now, Henry, I believe you've married 432 00:31:19,545 --> 00:31:21,125 since I saw you last. 433 00:31:21,713 --> 00:31:23,553 - FRICK: Marriage changes a man, Andrew. 434 00:31:23,632 --> 00:31:24,632 - Oh. How's that? 435 00:31:24,716 --> 00:31:29,216 - (laughs) Well, let's say I've calmed down a bit. 436 00:31:32,766 --> 00:31:35,386 - Well, it's a noble institution, as they say. 437 00:31:35,769 --> 00:31:38,019 - I don't know about noble, 438 00:31:38,105 --> 00:31:39,475 but it's an institution. 439 00:31:39,565 --> 00:31:41,765 - An institution nonetheless, right? (laughs) 440 00:31:41,858 --> 00:31:42,978 - (laughs) 441 00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:45,110 - MARK CUBAN: The partnership between 442 00:31:45,195 --> 00:31:49,065 Carnegie and Frick was analogous to the way 443 00:31:49,157 --> 00:31:51,447 a good business partnership works today. 444 00:31:52,703 --> 00:31:54,953 You want somebody as completely opposite 445 00:31:55,038 --> 00:31:57,668 and different from you as you possibly can get. 446 00:32:00,043 --> 00:32:01,843 - NARRATOR: Frick's first assignment is to get 447 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:03,630 Carnegie Steel into shape. 448 00:32:05,716 --> 00:32:07,756 His boss believes that Frick will use 449 00:32:07,843 --> 00:32:11,143 his toughness to cut costs and eliminate waste... 450 00:32:12,139 --> 00:32:14,059 ...leading to bigger profits. 451 00:32:14,850 --> 00:32:18,640 Many see giving Frick so much power as a huge risk. 452 00:32:23,108 --> 00:32:26,358 But Carnegie decides it's a risk worth taking. 453 00:32:27,654 --> 00:32:29,414 - Welcome aboard, Henry. 454 00:32:29,865 --> 00:32:31,445 - Thank you, Andrew. 455 00:32:39,875 --> 00:32:42,455 - NARRATOR: In the end, hiring Frick may be 456 00:32:42,544 --> 00:32:45,764 the worst decision of Carnegie's career. 457 00:32:51,595 --> 00:32:53,795 - NARRATOR: America's unprecedented growth 458 00:32:53,889 --> 00:32:56,889 is being led by a group of extraordinary men. 459 00:32:59,728 --> 00:33:01,938 Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt creates 460 00:33:02,022 --> 00:33:04,772 the biggest railroad company in the country. 461 00:33:06,818 --> 00:33:10,148 John D. Rockefeller uses standard oil's refining 462 00:33:10,238 --> 00:33:13,278 capabilities to light homes from coast to coast. 463 00:33:14,701 --> 00:33:17,831 And now Andrew Carnegie is using the mass produced 464 00:33:17,913 --> 00:33:21,923 steel to erect buildings that touch the sky. 465 00:33:23,960 --> 00:33:25,630 Making the country stronger 466 00:33:25,712 --> 00:33:27,592 than it's ever been before. 467 00:33:35,472 --> 00:33:37,522 - CARNEGIE: Our profit margin is unassailable. 468 00:33:37,599 --> 00:33:39,889 Our productivity is absolutely as good 469 00:33:39,976 --> 00:33:42,266 as any steel mill in Europe or America. 470 00:33:42,354 --> 00:33:44,864 - NARRATOR: Carnegie's steel empire is expanding 471 00:33:44,940 --> 00:33:46,860 at a staggering rate. 472 00:33:46,942 --> 00:33:50,032 In just two years, profits have doubled. 473 00:33:50,112 --> 00:33:51,452 - CARNEGIE: Right this way, Sir, 474 00:33:51,530 --> 00:33:53,160 and I'll show you the rest. 475 00:33:56,159 --> 00:33:58,789 - NARRATOR: By ramping up production, 476 00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:02,000 Carnegie and Frick are able to use the proceeds 477 00:34:02,082 --> 00:34:06,462 to buy competitors throughout Ohio and Pennsylvania. 478 00:34:08,714 --> 00:34:12,634 - Carnegie demonstrated that if you're the first 479 00:34:12,718 --> 00:34:14,298 at whatever you do, you have a huge advantage 480 00:34:14,386 --> 00:34:17,046 over the people who come along later because you've got 481 00:34:17,139 --> 00:34:20,099 the jump on them and very often that jump allows you 482 00:34:20,183 --> 00:34:22,983 to carve a niche and to maximize your profits 483 00:34:23,061 --> 00:34:24,191 within that niche. 484 00:34:25,897 --> 00:34:30,107 - NARRATOR: Carnegie's personal fortune is skyrocketing. 485 00:34:30,986 --> 00:34:34,946 His net worth is now upwards of $3.5 billion 486 00:34:35,031 --> 00:34:36,621 in today's money. 487 00:34:41,413 --> 00:34:45,753 His decision to hire Henry Frick looks like a stroke of genius. 488 00:34:48,086 --> 00:34:51,666 Through intimidation and fear Frick re-negotiates 489 00:34:51,757 --> 00:34:54,047 favorable contracts with suppliers. 490 00:34:55,469 --> 00:34:58,549 And eliminated unnecessary expenses... 491 00:35:00,098 --> 00:35:02,058 ...while upping production. 492 00:35:09,775 --> 00:35:15,235 - Nine, eight, seven, six, five, four... 493 00:35:15,322 --> 00:35:18,952 - NARRATOR: Approaching the final decade of the century, 494 00:35:19,034 --> 00:35:21,704 Carnegie Steel is more profitable than ever. 495 00:35:24,456 --> 00:35:28,326 Carnegie rewards Frick by making him chairman of his company. 496 00:35:31,129 --> 00:35:33,629 The second most powerful man in steel. 497 00:35:34,841 --> 00:35:37,551 But for Frick, it's not enough. 498 00:35:38,220 --> 00:35:41,600 He wants his boss's seat at the table. 499 00:35:41,681 --> 00:35:44,391 Frick's father had been a failure. 500 00:35:44,476 --> 00:35:47,226 And now he wants to make sure that everyone knows 501 00:35:47,312 --> 00:35:49,612 that he's not his father. 502 00:35:55,529 --> 00:36:00,199 Frick, purchases land in the hills east of Pittsburgh. 503 00:36:00,283 --> 00:36:03,413 On it, he builds a members only club 504 00:36:03,495 --> 00:36:06,075 for some of the wealthiest men in the country. 505 00:36:06,164 --> 00:36:08,834 The South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club sits 506 00:36:08,917 --> 00:36:12,497 on a huge artificial lake, where club members 507 00:36:12,587 --> 00:36:14,297 can boat and fish. 508 00:36:18,260 --> 00:36:20,470 Even Carnegie joins the club. 509 00:36:20,554 --> 00:36:22,394 - It doesn't seem like a problem to me, 510 00:36:22,472 --> 00:36:24,012 we know who our friends are, 511 00:36:24,099 --> 00:36:26,979 and we know how to please them. 512 00:36:27,060 --> 00:36:28,640 - Yes, and you can always buy a man. 513 00:36:28,728 --> 00:36:31,558 However, If it's possible not to, 514 00:36:31,648 --> 00:36:33,148 I would think that's a better-- 515 00:36:33,233 --> 00:36:35,193 - Excuse me just for one moment. 516 00:36:38,154 --> 00:36:40,704 - NARRATOR: To create their playground, 517 00:36:40,782 --> 00:36:43,872 the club takes control of the South Fork dam, 518 00:36:44,828 --> 00:36:47,708 holding 20 million tons of water. 519 00:36:48,874 --> 00:36:52,504 The largest dam of its kind in the world. 520 00:36:54,462 --> 00:36:58,472 Just 14 miles downriver lies Johnstown... 521 00:37:00,093 --> 00:37:03,263 ...a working class community of steel workers 522 00:37:03,346 --> 00:37:08,266 and their families, who live under the constant threat 523 00:37:08,351 --> 00:37:12,561 that the next rainstorm will wash away the dam. 524 00:37:15,025 --> 00:37:18,895 City officials beg Frick to strengthen the dam. 525 00:37:20,989 --> 00:37:24,579 But he ignores their pleas completely. 526 00:37:31,416 --> 00:37:33,576 - I heard there was an accident. 527 00:37:34,336 --> 00:37:35,626 - Well, you're right. 528 00:37:36,671 --> 00:37:38,591 There has been an accident. 529 00:37:38,673 --> 00:37:41,263 I can't get my carriage across this road. 530 00:37:44,012 --> 00:37:46,602 - Your carriage is too wide for the road, sir. 531 00:37:47,015 --> 00:37:50,175 - Now that is where you and I are going to differ. 532 00:37:50,268 --> 00:37:52,938 My carriage is just fine. 533 00:37:55,023 --> 00:37:57,273 It's the road that's the problem. 534 00:37:57,359 --> 00:38:00,239 - To widen the road we'd have to lower the dam, sir. 535 00:38:00,320 --> 00:38:01,780 - Well, there now. 536 00:38:02,948 --> 00:38:05,448 That wasn't too hard to sort out, was it? 537 00:38:21,883 --> 00:38:26,393 - NARRATOR: By lowering the dam, Frick weakens it. 538 00:38:30,892 --> 00:38:33,692 - CARNEGIE: Henry shows me the ledgers 539 00:38:33,770 --> 00:38:35,650 and shows me the numbers. 540 00:38:35,730 --> 00:38:37,610 And it was not the number I was expecting; 541 00:38:37,691 --> 00:38:39,321 it was a little bit higher than I was expecting. 542 00:38:39,401 --> 00:38:40,731 And the only question remaining 543 00:38:40,819 --> 00:38:42,699 is how much money we'll make next year. 544 00:38:42,779 --> 00:38:45,319 I'm a bit dry over here, Henry. 545 00:38:47,784 --> 00:38:51,044 - NARRATOR: Frick is content with his club, 546 00:38:51,121 --> 00:38:53,911 his image, and his wealth. 547 00:39:06,177 --> 00:39:09,257 But everything is about to change. 548 00:39:16,813 --> 00:39:21,073 America is in an age of unprecedented prosperity. 549 00:39:24,946 --> 00:39:28,236 The country is connected cost to coast by rail. 550 00:39:29,159 --> 00:39:31,699 Kerosene lamps brighten the night. 551 00:39:33,371 --> 00:39:36,081 And steel is being used to build structures 552 00:39:36,166 --> 00:39:39,246 no one could have imagined even a decade earlier. 553 00:39:41,588 --> 00:39:44,008 Overseeing much of the growth are Pittsburgh 554 00:39:44,090 --> 00:39:47,430 Steel magnates Andrew Carnegie and Henry Frick. 555 00:39:50,305 --> 00:39:51,755 Ideal Partners... 556 00:39:52,140 --> 00:39:54,600 ...Together they've driven Carnegie Steel 557 00:39:54,684 --> 00:39:56,274 to massive profits. 558 00:40:03,109 --> 00:40:05,399 To celebrate, they've erected 559 00:40:05,487 --> 00:40:08,947 the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club... 560 00:40:09,491 --> 00:40:11,241 - Cheers. - Cheers. 561 00:40:11,326 --> 00:40:12,326 - Cheers. 562 00:40:13,661 --> 00:40:16,871 - NARRATOR: ...A lakefront Members Only playground. 563 00:40:18,583 --> 00:40:20,833 But construction has weakened the dam 564 00:40:20,919 --> 00:40:23,129 surrounding the lake at South Fork... 565 00:40:24,214 --> 00:40:26,474 ...Posing an imminent threat to the lives 566 00:40:26,549 --> 00:40:29,839 of tens of thousands of people in the valley below. 567 00:40:36,226 --> 00:40:38,886 - NARRATOR: Memorial Day breaks in Johnstown. 568 00:40:41,815 --> 00:40:44,315 As ominous clouds roll in. 569 00:40:48,530 --> 00:40:50,490 - (thunder rumbles) 570 00:41:15,265 --> 00:41:17,515 - MOTHER: Hurry on, now. 571 00:41:31,739 --> 00:41:35,829 - NARRATOR: At South Fork, lake levels are rising... 572 00:41:39,747 --> 00:41:42,417 - NARRATOR: ...at an inch every 10 minutes. 573 00:41:46,254 --> 00:41:47,384 - More bags. 574 00:41:47,755 --> 00:41:48,835 - Go, go. 575 00:41:49,465 --> 00:41:50,545 - Over here. 576 00:41:51,217 --> 00:41:52,797 - We need more men up here. 577 00:41:52,886 --> 00:41:54,216 - Give me that bag. 578 00:41:54,304 --> 00:41:55,764 We need more men. 579 00:41:55,847 --> 00:41:57,007 - Hurry up. 580 00:41:57,098 --> 00:41:59,308 - (thunder rumbles) 581 00:42:09,694 --> 00:42:10,744 - Over here. 582 00:42:10,820 --> 00:42:12,450 - Give me that bag. 583 00:42:13,072 --> 00:42:14,032 - John! 584 00:42:15,825 --> 00:42:18,115 Get a telegram to Johnstown! 585 00:42:18,912 --> 00:42:20,662 Tell them to evacuate! 586 00:42:20,747 --> 00:42:22,577 - We need more men. 587 00:42:34,719 --> 00:42:36,429 - (clicking) 588 00:42:37,472 --> 00:42:39,142 - NARRATOR: The message reads... 589 00:42:39,224 --> 00:42:43,564 "South Fork Dam liable to break. Notify the people 590 00:42:43,645 --> 00:42:45,975 to prepare for the worst." 591 00:42:46,064 --> 00:42:48,234 - (clicking) 592 00:42:48,316 --> 00:42:51,106 - NARRATOR: The Johnstown Telegraph office 593 00:42:51,194 --> 00:42:54,954 has seen the same warning many times before. 594 00:42:56,574 --> 00:42:57,994 They ignore it. 595 00:42:59,035 --> 00:43:01,245 - (thunder rumbles) 596 00:43:18,972 --> 00:43:20,682 - We need more at the top. 597 00:43:23,434 --> 00:43:25,354 - We're running out of time. 598 00:43:29,607 --> 00:43:35,027 - Leave it! Leave it! Let's get out of here! Now! 599 00:43:47,542 --> 00:43:50,422 - (rumbling) 600 00:43:57,176 --> 00:44:01,096 - NARRATOR: America is in an age of unprecedented prosperity. 601 00:44:05,351 --> 00:44:08,441 The country is connected coast to coast by rail... 602 00:44:09,522 --> 00:44:12,152 ...Kerosene lamps brighten the night. 603 00:44:13,693 --> 00:44:16,783 And steel is being used to build structures no one 604 00:44:16,863 --> 00:44:19,663 could have imagined even a decade earlier. 605 00:44:21,993 --> 00:44:24,703 Overseeing much of the growth are Pittsburgh Steel 606 00:44:24,787 --> 00:44:27,707 magnates Andrew Carnegie and Henry Frick. 607 00:44:30,877 --> 00:44:32,247 Ideal Partners... 608 00:44:32,336 --> 00:44:34,796 ...Together They've driven Carnegie Steel 609 00:44:34,881 --> 00:44:36,591 to massive profits. 610 00:44:43,431 --> 00:44:46,811 To celebrate, they've erected the South Fork 611 00:44:46,893 --> 00:44:48,643 Fishing and Hunting Club... 612 00:44:50,563 --> 00:44:51,693 - Cheers. - Cheers. 613 00:44:51,773 --> 00:44:52,733 - Cheers. 614 00:44:54,067 --> 00:44:57,067 - NARRATOR: ...A lakefront Members Only playground. 615 00:44:59,030 --> 00:45:01,280 But construction has weakened the dam 616 00:45:01,365 --> 00:45:03,525 surrounding the lake at South Fork... 617 00:45:04,577 --> 00:45:06,997 ...Posing an imminent threat to the lives of 618 00:45:07,080 --> 00:45:10,500 tens of thousands of people in the valley below. 619 00:45:10,583 --> 00:45:14,343 - (Blues Saraceno playing "Save My Soul") 620 00:45:25,098 --> 00:45:27,428 ♪ When I got to Memphis ♪ 621 00:45:28,434 --> 00:45:30,274 ♪ I put my old baby down ♪ 622 00:45:31,104 --> 00:45:34,654 ♪ He said I can't take you to Heaven ♪ 623 00:45:36,109 --> 00:45:38,109 ♪ I can't save your soul ♪ 624 00:45:39,445 --> 00:45:41,695 ♪ I can't promise forever ♪ 625 00:45:41,781 --> 00:45:43,411 ♪ Whoo ♪ 626 00:45:44,117 --> 00:45:47,117 ♪ With my heart in your hands ♪ 627 00:45:48,037 --> 00:45:52,207 ♪ I can't feel, fell my soul ♪ 628 00:46:00,842 --> 00:46:03,512 - NARRATOR: Memorial Day breaks in Johnstown. 629 00:46:06,430 --> 00:46:09,020 As ominous clouds roll in. 630 00:46:13,187 --> 00:46:15,107 - (thunder rumbles) 631 00:46:41,549 --> 00:46:43,129 - MOTHER: Hurry on, now. 632 00:46:56,355 --> 00:47:00,065 - NARRATOR: At South Fork, lake levels are rising... 633 00:47:00,526 --> 00:47:02,316 - (thunder rumbles) 634 00:47:04,030 --> 00:47:06,780 - NARRATOR: ...at an inch every 10 minutes. 635 00:47:10,912 --> 00:47:12,002 - More bags. 636 00:47:13,206 --> 00:47:14,366 - Go, go. 637 00:47:14,457 --> 00:47:15,457 - Over here. 638 00:47:15,541 --> 00:47:17,131 - We need more men up here. 639 00:47:17,210 --> 00:47:18,500 - Give me that bag. 640 00:47:19,212 --> 00:47:20,382 We need more men. 641 00:47:20,463 --> 00:47:21,503 - Hurry up. 642 00:47:22,215 --> 00:47:24,215 - (thunder rumbles) 643 00:47:34,518 --> 00:47:36,848 - Over here. - Give me that bag. 644 00:47:37,647 --> 00:47:38,607 - John! 645 00:47:40,900 --> 00:47:42,900 Get a telegram to Johnstown! 646 00:47:43,569 --> 00:47:45,279 Tell them to evacuate! 647 00:47:45,363 --> 00:47:47,073 - We need more men. 648 00:47:59,418 --> 00:48:01,038 - (clicking) 649 00:48:02,004 --> 00:48:03,804 - NARRATOR: The message reads... 650 00:48:03,881 --> 00:48:08,181 "South Fork Dam liable to break. Notify the people 651 00:48:08,261 --> 00:48:09,971 to prepare for the worst." 652 00:48:11,180 --> 00:48:12,930 - (clicking) 653 00:48:13,599 --> 00:48:15,679 - NARRATOR: The Johnstown Telegraph office 654 00:48:15,768 --> 00:48:18,768 has seen the same warning many times before. 655 00:48:21,232 --> 00:48:22,522 They ignore it. 656 00:48:23,067 --> 00:48:24,987 - (thunder rumbles) 657 00:48:47,842 --> 00:48:49,632 - We need more at the top. 658 00:48:50,594 --> 00:48:52,764 - We're running out of time. 659 00:48:54,348 --> 00:48:59,598 - Leave it! Leave it! Let's get out of here! Now! 660 00:49:12,158 --> 00:49:14,198 - (rumbling) 661 00:49:23,127 --> 00:49:24,207 - (dog whining) 662 00:49:48,861 --> 00:49:51,111 - (rumbling continues) 663 00:50:07,046 --> 00:50:10,126 - Get out of here! The dam's burst! 664 00:50:30,444 --> 00:50:32,244 - Move away from the window. 665 00:50:37,076 --> 00:50:39,036 - (rumbling) 666 00:50:44,291 --> 00:50:45,961 - (glass shatters) 667 00:51:15,489 --> 00:51:18,409 - NARRATOR: When the water stops, 668 00:51:19,410 --> 00:51:22,120 more than 2,000 people lie dead. 669 00:51:28,961 --> 00:51:31,381 One in three are so mutilated 670 00:51:31,464 --> 00:51:33,264 they can't even be identified. 671 00:51:38,554 --> 00:51:40,894 1 ,600 Homes are destroyed... 672 00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:45,390 ...and over four square miles of the town 673 00:51:45,478 --> 00:51:47,148 are completely leveled. 674 00:51:49,231 --> 00:51:52,691 The Johnstown Flood is the worst man-made disaster 675 00:51:52,776 --> 00:51:55,106 in the United States prior to 9/11 . 676 00:51:58,782 --> 00:52:01,372 Bodies will be found for years to come. 677 00:52:04,121 --> 00:52:06,711 Some as far away as Cincinnati, 678 00:52:08,459 --> 00:52:10,999 350 miles from Johnstown. 679 00:52:15,966 --> 00:52:18,256 Volunteers come from across the country 680 00:52:18,344 --> 00:52:20,094 to assist in the recovery. 681 00:52:21,388 --> 00:52:24,928 The Flood is the first major peacetime relief effort 682 00:52:26,644 --> 00:52:29,694 of the recently formed American Red Cross. 683 00:52:31,941 --> 00:52:34,111 As outrage over the flood grows, 684 00:52:34,193 --> 00:52:36,823 the public looks for someone to blame. 685 00:52:39,949 --> 00:52:42,369 Most of that blame falls on the members 686 00:52:42,451 --> 00:52:45,291 of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club. 687 00:52:46,455 --> 00:52:49,115 But the members deny responsibility. 688 00:53:04,473 --> 00:53:06,393 Lawsuits are filed... 689 00:53:07,726 --> 00:53:10,186 ...But they're ultimately unsuccessful. 690 00:53:10,271 --> 00:53:12,521 In the eyes of an angry public, 691 00:53:12,606 --> 00:53:14,606 the South Fork members--including 692 00:53:14,692 --> 00:53:17,942 Henry Frick--have gotten away with murder. 693 00:53:20,739 --> 00:53:24,239 The incident forever changes Andrew Carnegie... 694 00:53:24,326 --> 00:53:27,576 ...Who feels a sense of responsibility for the disaster, 695 00:53:28,372 --> 00:53:31,212 unlike many of his fellow club members. 696 00:53:31,750 --> 00:53:35,300 He soon drops out of South Fork and begins a campaign 697 00:53:35,379 --> 00:53:37,839 to rebuild his damaged image. 698 00:53:38,549 --> 00:53:43,719 - When your brand becomes so big that you become the name, 699 00:53:43,804 --> 00:53:46,104 you become the face behind the brand, 700 00:53:46,181 --> 00:53:47,601 it's difficult. 701 00:53:47,683 --> 00:53:50,693 There's also a great deal of responsibility 702 00:53:50,769 --> 00:53:53,859 and risk, and you have to be very, very careful. 703 00:53:56,275 --> 00:53:58,105 - NARRATOR: Carnegie donates millions 704 00:53:58,193 --> 00:54:00,403 to help rebuild Johnstown. 705 00:54:02,698 --> 00:54:05,368 - Carnegie gave money to thousands of libraries. 706 00:54:05,451 --> 00:54:07,241 Millions and millions of dollars. 707 00:54:07,328 --> 00:54:09,578 Carnegie wanted to be remembered 708 00:54:09,663 --> 00:54:11,503 for the good he had done. 709 00:54:11,582 --> 00:54:13,042 - NARRATOR: Carnegie begins building 710 00:54:13,125 --> 00:54:15,495 public monuments across the country. 711 00:54:16,211 --> 00:54:20,091 And soon, a grand music venue in Manhattan 712 00:54:20,966 --> 00:54:22,586 becomes his passion. 713 00:55:32,621 --> 00:55:35,291 Carnegie Hall is New York's new home 714 00:55:35,374 --> 00:55:37,134 for the performing arts. 715 00:55:37,459 --> 00:55:40,339 And for high society to rub elbows. 716 00:55:43,882 --> 00:55:47,932 On opening night, Russian composer Pyotr Tchaikovsky 717 00:55:48,011 --> 00:55:49,761 is the featured performer. 718 00:56:01,984 --> 00:56:04,864 Andrew Carnegie is treated like royalty. 719 00:56:05,988 --> 00:56:08,608 Honored for the masterpiece he's built. 720 00:56:10,284 --> 00:56:14,254 But even in this setting, one man is a bigger presence. 721 00:56:14,663 --> 00:56:16,333 John D. Rockefeller 722 00:56:16,415 --> 00:56:18,875 is worth three times as much as Carnegie. 723 00:56:35,976 --> 00:56:38,346 But the Cathedral Carnegie's built bearing 724 00:56:38,437 --> 00:56:41,977 his name, takes their rivalry to another level. 725 00:56:51,950 --> 00:56:53,660 - Oh. Thank you, Alisha. 726 00:56:54,119 --> 00:56:56,869 - NARRATOR: The men will spend the next 10 years 727 00:56:56,955 --> 00:56:58,405 battling each other. 728 00:56:58,916 --> 00:57:01,206 Sparring with Christmas gifts. 729 00:57:08,050 --> 00:57:11,930 Rockefeller sends Carnegie a cheap, paper vest. 730 00:57:12,721 --> 00:57:16,181 Ajab at his simple beginnings as a poor immigrant. 731 00:57:17,100 --> 00:57:19,890 In return, Carnegie sends Rockefeller, 732 00:57:19,978 --> 00:57:22,398 a devout Baptist who doesn't drink, 733 00:57:22,481 --> 00:57:24,231 a bottle of fine whiskey. 734 00:57:30,531 --> 00:57:32,071 - You know I've had my own little rivalries, 735 00:57:32,157 --> 00:57:34,827 I've had a rivalry with Donald trump where I think 736 00:57:34,910 --> 00:57:37,830 it was back, 2004, he was giving me a hard time 737 00:57:37,913 --> 00:57:39,913 about something and I said "you know what I can write 738 00:57:39,998 --> 00:57:42,288 a bigger check than you and not even know it's missing," 739 00:57:42,376 --> 00:57:43,876 because I knew if I tweaked him, 740 00:57:43,961 --> 00:57:46,091 he would just respond, and he did, 741 00:57:46,171 --> 00:57:49,301 and I still like to tweak him just because it's fun... 742 00:57:50,217 --> 00:57:51,677 - DONNY DEUTSCH: I always say you have to have 743 00:57:51,760 --> 00:57:53,510 someone to hate to aim for. 744 00:57:53,595 --> 00:57:56,425 Having an enemy, having an arch enemy, 745 00:57:56,515 --> 00:58:00,385 having a competitor is what ups the game for everybody. 746 00:58:03,856 --> 00:58:05,936 - NARRATOR: While Rockefeller's oil empire 747 00:58:06,024 --> 00:58:07,234 steadily grows, 748 00:58:09,903 --> 00:58:10,863 steel becomes 749 00:58:10,946 --> 00:58:13,276 the product of choice for construction. 750 00:58:13,824 --> 00:58:16,834 And Carnegie's business takes off. 751 00:58:17,202 --> 00:58:18,372 - Mr. Connor 752 00:58:18,787 --> 00:58:19,697 - Yes, sir. 753 00:58:19,788 --> 00:58:20,958 - How's the output? 754 00:58:21,039 --> 00:58:23,459 - She's running at full capacity, sir. 755 00:58:26,420 --> 00:58:27,840 - Good. Carry on. 756 00:58:31,466 --> 00:58:33,466 - NARRATOR: Carnegie's steel helps trigger 757 00:58:33,552 --> 00:58:36,182 the upward expansion of America's cities. 758 00:58:37,890 --> 00:58:39,770 But if he wants to challenge Rockefeller 759 00:58:39,850 --> 00:58:41,770 for the title of America's Most Powerful 760 00:58:41,852 --> 00:58:42,892 Businessman... 761 00:58:43,896 --> 00:58:46,806 ...Carnegie must become even more profitable. 762 00:58:49,484 --> 00:58:52,074 But he'll pay a price for his ambition. 763 00:58:52,613 --> 00:58:54,703 That will threaten to destroy everything he's 764 00:58:54,781 --> 00:58:56,571 worked so hard to build. 765 00:59:13,800 --> 00:59:16,180 The building of Modern America is moving 766 00:59:16,261 --> 00:59:17,761 at lightning speed. 767 00:59:19,222 --> 00:59:22,812 Rail lines link east to west in a way never before 768 00:59:22,893 --> 00:59:24,393 thought possible. 769 00:59:24,853 --> 00:59:27,103 Oil is burning into the night. 770 00:59:27,522 --> 00:59:31,532 And steel is pushing cities to unimaginable heights. 771 00:59:31,610 --> 00:59:35,530 Driving this growth is a rivalry between two men. 772 00:59:35,614 --> 00:59:39,084 Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. 773 00:59:39,534 --> 00:59:43,084 One the undisputed King of Oil, the other, 774 00:59:43,163 --> 00:59:45,833 the Unchallenged Man of Steel. 775 00:59:46,875 --> 00:59:50,085 And each is determined not to be outdone. 776 00:59:51,797 --> 00:59:53,667 - STEVE WYNN: I benefit from high-class 777 00:59:53,757 --> 00:59:54,797 competition. 778 00:59:54,883 --> 00:59:58,093 I've been dogged by the competition, 779 00:59:58,178 --> 01:00:01,098 bested by the competition a couple times. 780 01:00:01,181 --> 01:00:02,721 But I've had my licks, too, 781 01:00:02,808 --> 01:00:04,808 and we've managed to hold our own. 782 01:00:10,983 --> 01:00:12,943 - NARRATOR: To overtake Rockefeller as the richest 783 01:00:13,026 --> 01:00:16,896 man in the country, Carnegie can't just be 784 01:00:16,989 --> 01:00:19,159 a profitable steel maker. 785 01:00:21,618 --> 01:00:23,908 He's got to be the most profitable. 786 01:00:30,002 --> 01:00:33,252 And for that, he needs an edge. 787 01:00:37,050 --> 01:00:39,680 He sets his sights on a struggling steel mill 788 01:00:39,761 --> 01:00:41,181 outside Pittsburgh. 789 01:00:42,723 --> 01:00:44,893 With plans to make it the largest 790 01:00:44,975 --> 01:00:46,925 in his steel making empire. 791 01:00:48,979 --> 01:00:52,939 Carnegie invests millions retooling the plant 792 01:00:54,234 --> 01:00:55,824 to turn out more structural 793 01:00:55,902 --> 01:00:58,322 steel than any other mill of its size. 794 01:01:00,490 --> 01:01:03,990 The Homestead Steel Works is a true modern marvel. 795 01:01:08,665 --> 01:01:10,575 But it can't operate 796 01:01:13,253 --> 01:01:14,963 without man power. 797 01:01:16,089 --> 01:01:20,679 - One of the huge costs in a steel mill is labor. 798 01:01:22,888 --> 01:01:27,348 Carnegie knew that to stay profitable. 799 01:01:28,727 --> 01:01:31,057 He had to keep costs low. 800 01:01:33,648 --> 01:01:37,108 And the only way to keep costs low was to reduce 801 01:01:37,194 --> 01:01:39,954 wages and increase working hours. 802 01:01:42,991 --> 01:01:45,331 To keep profits growing, Carnegie needs 803 01:01:45,410 --> 01:01:47,200 to continue cutting costs. 804 01:01:48,330 --> 01:01:49,830 Including wages. 805 01:01:51,249 --> 01:01:54,089 But he's also determined to repair his image. 806 01:01:56,880 --> 01:02:00,510 Something he can't do in the midst of a labor dispute. 807 01:02:05,597 --> 01:02:09,307 So he turns to his chairman to do the dirty work. 808 01:02:12,104 --> 01:02:14,694 Henry Frick has never been concerned with what people 809 01:02:14,773 --> 01:02:16,443 think of his methods. 810 01:02:16,942 --> 01:02:19,072 He's about one thing... 811 01:02:19,152 --> 01:02:20,242 ...Winning. 812 01:02:21,404 --> 01:02:26,414 - DAVID NASAW: Carnegie didn't enjoy being the bad guy, 813 01:02:27,244 --> 01:02:28,624 being the villain. 814 01:02:29,121 --> 01:02:30,871 Frick didn't seem to mind. 815 01:02:32,791 --> 01:02:35,461 - DONNY DEUTSCH: I think the great leaders find 816 01:02:35,544 --> 01:02:40,014 partners who basically can exploit their weaknesses, 817 01:02:40,090 --> 01:02:42,340 but not kind of dance on their strengths. 818 01:02:42,759 --> 01:02:45,509 Instead of hiring weaker versions of themselves, 819 01:02:45,595 --> 01:02:48,215 they hire people that are tremendous experts 820 01:02:48,306 --> 01:02:49,426 at what they're not. 821 01:02:49,516 --> 01:02:51,386 - CARNEGIE: Henry shows me the ledgers, 822 01:02:51,476 --> 01:02:54,096 and that was not the number I was expecting. 823 01:02:54,187 --> 01:02:55,477 Now, the only question remains 824 01:02:55,564 --> 01:02:57,614 is how much we'll make next year. 825 01:03:01,987 --> 01:03:03,777 - NARRATOR: With Frick firmly installed 826 01:03:03,864 --> 01:03:05,784 as chairman of Carnegie Steel... 827 01:03:08,910 --> 01:03:10,950 ...The boss heads to Scotland 828 01:03:12,998 --> 01:03:14,958 to give him room to operate. 829 01:03:24,342 --> 01:03:26,302 - JIM CRAMER: The industrialists of that period of time 830 01:03:26,386 --> 01:03:28,756 are people who are out for themselves 831 01:03:28,847 --> 01:03:32,977 to make large fortunes as quickly as possible, 832 01:03:33,059 --> 01:03:35,809 even if it means pressing the envelope 833 01:03:35,896 --> 01:03:37,806 of what they have to do. 834 01:03:42,485 --> 01:03:45,315 - NARRATOR: Frick begins squeezing all that he can get 835 01:03:45,405 --> 01:03:47,485 out of the workers at Homestead. 836 01:03:48,783 --> 01:03:51,293 - DAVID NASAW: Frick decided that the only way 837 01:03:51,369 --> 01:03:55,079 to keep the plant running efficiently was with a 12 838 01:03:55,165 --> 01:03:58,665 hour day, six days a week. 839 01:04:02,547 --> 01:04:06,797 What that meant was intolerable working conditions. 840 01:04:07,219 --> 01:04:09,259 No one could work 12 hours a day. 841 01:04:09,638 --> 01:04:11,638 If you're working in an office, 842 01:04:11,723 --> 01:04:14,273 you'd fall asleep at your desk. 843 01:04:14,351 --> 01:04:16,981 If you fall asleep in a steel mill, 844 01:04:17,062 --> 01:04:18,152 you end up dead. 845 01:04:27,781 --> 01:04:29,491 - MARK CUBAN: You know back when Carnegie 846 01:04:29,574 --> 01:04:32,204 was building his empire, obviously there were 847 01:04:32,285 --> 01:04:34,495 no labor laws, it was a free for all. 848 01:04:35,080 --> 01:04:36,750 And looking back it seems horrific 849 01:04:36,831 --> 01:04:38,921 in a lot of different ways that workers 850 01:04:39,000 --> 01:04:40,710 were taken advantage of. 851 01:04:40,794 --> 01:04:43,054 But that was the game that was played back then. 852 01:04:44,839 --> 01:04:47,509 - NARRATOR: The conditions are dangerous. 853 01:04:47,926 --> 01:04:51,046 And a small group of men bands together 854 01:04:51,137 --> 01:04:53,007 to raise their concerns. 855 01:04:56,309 --> 01:04:59,269 - DAVID NASAW: Many of the workers at the steel mill felt 856 01:04:59,354 --> 01:05:03,864 that change in working conditions was a necessity. 857 01:05:05,110 --> 01:05:09,070 They were exhausted and they wanted wages 858 01:05:10,031 --> 01:05:11,621 that were livable. 859 01:05:14,327 --> 01:05:17,247 - NARRATOR: Unions are relatively new in America. 860 01:05:18,123 --> 01:05:21,583 And Frick isn't about to let them take root on his watch. 861 01:05:27,424 --> 01:05:30,764 But before acting, he seeks his boss' counsel. 862 01:05:35,390 --> 01:05:38,480 - "Dear Andrew, it may become necessary to fight 863 01:05:38,560 --> 01:05:39,810 it out this summer. 864 01:05:40,937 --> 01:05:44,937 Once got into it will be fought to the finish." 865 01:05:50,155 --> 01:05:51,775 - NARRATOR: Andrew Carnegie is well aware 866 01:05:51,865 --> 01:05:53,695 of Frick's aggressiveness. 867 01:06:00,665 --> 01:06:03,875 It's why he's put three thousand miles between them. 868 01:06:10,300 --> 01:06:14,350 But Carnegie would rather leave some things unsaid. 869 01:06:17,724 --> 01:06:21,984 - "Mr. Frick, no doubt you will get Homestead right. 870 01:06:22,729 --> 01:06:24,809 You can get anything right, 871 01:06:25,690 --> 01:06:27,980 with your mild persistence." 872 01:06:29,194 --> 01:06:31,954 - There's a fine line, how do we protect the worker, 873 01:06:32,030 --> 01:06:33,610 yet, at the same time, continue to grease the 874 01:06:33,698 --> 01:06:35,028 wheels for capitalism? 875 01:06:36,868 --> 01:06:39,238 Sometimes those two are at cross-purposes. 876 01:06:46,336 --> 01:06:48,296 - NARRATOR: Frick takes Carnegie's words 877 01:06:48,380 --> 01:06:51,840 as a clear indication that it's time to go to war. 878 01:06:53,343 --> 01:06:54,843 He ramps up production, 879 01:06:55,136 --> 01:06:57,176 pushing his men harder than ever. 880 01:07:00,141 --> 01:07:02,311 In case of a strike, he'll have 881 01:07:02,394 --> 01:07:04,604 a stockpile of finished steel. 882 01:07:09,317 --> 01:07:11,647 The men are spending half their lives 883 01:07:11,736 --> 01:07:14,196 in the dreadful and dangerous conditions. 884 01:07:17,867 --> 01:07:20,697 And they're about to reach their breaking point. 885 01:07:23,748 --> 01:07:25,078 - (screaming) 886 01:07:53,445 --> 01:07:56,315 - (men yelling) 887 01:08:00,452 --> 01:08:03,292 - May the Lord in his love and mercy help you. 888 01:08:05,123 --> 01:08:07,173 May the Lord free you from sin 889 01:08:07,250 --> 01:08:09,210 and save you and raise you up. 890 01:08:11,337 --> 01:08:14,207 In the name of the Father, and the Son, 891 01:08:14,299 --> 01:08:16,089 and the Holy Spirit. 892 01:08:28,646 --> 01:08:30,396 - NARRATOR: Accidents on the plant floor 893 01:08:30,482 --> 01:08:31,772 keep multiplying. 894 01:08:32,734 --> 01:08:34,784 Until one proves fatal. 895 01:08:36,821 --> 01:08:39,161 The death has the potential to unite 896 01:08:39,240 --> 01:08:41,030 the overwhelmed workforce. 897 01:08:52,504 --> 01:08:54,804 Frick knows what's coming. 898 01:09:02,514 --> 01:09:06,564 - FRICK: "Dear Andrew, I am not prepared to believe 899 01:09:06,643 --> 01:09:09,193 that we will win without a severe struggle. 900 01:09:10,522 --> 01:09:12,772 I regret to say it does not seem that there is 901 01:09:12,857 --> 01:09:15,187 any other course open for us. 902 01:09:16,319 --> 01:09:19,949 We would better make the fight and be through with it." 903 01:09:31,084 --> 01:09:34,504 - FRICK: "Henry, One thing we are all sure of 904 01:09:34,587 --> 01:09:37,837 no contest will be entered into that will fail. 905 01:09:39,384 --> 01:09:41,764 We all approve of anything you do. 906 01:09:43,513 --> 01:09:45,853 We are with you to the end." 907 01:09:54,899 --> 01:09:57,479 - NARRATOR: Knowing his boss has his back, 908 01:09:57,569 --> 01:09:59,569 Frick throws the first punch. 909 01:10:03,157 --> 01:10:06,657 He tells workers that Carnegie Steel won't negotiate. 910 01:10:08,079 --> 01:10:10,659 And conditions won't be improving. 911 01:10:10,748 --> 01:10:12,538 - WORKER: He can't do that. 912 01:10:14,752 --> 01:10:19,422 - Frick didn't understand the steelworkers believed 913 01:10:19,507 --> 01:10:21,627 that the mill belonged to them. 914 01:10:21,718 --> 01:10:24,008 They were the ones who made the steel. 915 01:10:24,095 --> 01:10:27,555 It was their plant and they weren't gonna to let 916 01:10:27,640 --> 01:10:31,350 this nasty little Frick take it from them. 917 01:10:31,436 --> 01:10:34,146 - O'DONNELL: Under the management of Mr. Frick, 918 01:10:34,230 --> 01:10:36,690 the Carnegie Company has wiped out organization 919 01:10:36,774 --> 01:10:38,614 in the Edgar Thompson works. 920 01:10:38,693 --> 01:10:41,363 Has wiped out organization in the coke region 921 01:10:41,446 --> 01:10:43,736 and are about to wipe out organization in Homestead. 922 01:10:43,823 --> 01:10:44,993 - CROWD: No! 923 01:10:45,074 --> 01:10:46,034 - O'DONNELL: The time has come to send 924 01:10:46,117 --> 01:10:47,367 Mr. Frick a message. 925 01:10:47,452 --> 01:10:48,332 - CROWD: That's right. 926 01:10:48,411 --> 01:10:50,161 - O'DONNELL: We do not accept the new pay scale. 927 01:10:50,246 --> 01:10:51,576 - CROWD: No. - O'DONNELL: We do not accept 928 01:10:51,664 --> 01:10:53,584 the poor working conditions. - CROWD: No. 929 01:10:53,666 --> 01:10:55,746 - O'DONNELL: We do not accept the long hours. 930 01:10:55,835 --> 01:10:56,705 - CROWD: No. 931 01:10:56,794 --> 01:10:58,504 - O'DONNELL: And why can we do this? 932 01:10:58,588 --> 01:11:00,798 Because we are a union. - CROWD: Yeah! 933 01:11:00,882 --> 01:11:03,382 - O'DONNELL: And nobody, nobody will break us! 934 01:11:03,468 --> 01:11:04,508 - CROWD: Yeah! 935 01:11:04,594 --> 01:11:06,514 - O'DONNELL: All those in favor of striking, 936 01:11:06,596 --> 01:11:07,716 raise your hands. 937 01:11:07,805 --> 01:11:09,175 - CROWD: Yeah! 938 01:11:58,856 --> 01:12:00,186 - O'DONNELL: Mr. Frick? 939 01:12:04,362 --> 01:12:05,782 - FRICK: I'm giving you one more chance 940 01:12:05,863 --> 01:12:07,363 to call off this strike. 941 01:12:09,826 --> 01:12:14,496 I'll make sure any man who walks out, never returns. 942 01:12:20,503 --> 01:12:22,133 - O'DONNELL: We'll see. 943 01:12:55,663 --> 01:12:57,873 NARRATOR: 2,000 steel workers barricade 944 01:12:57,957 --> 01:12:59,707 the front of the plant. 945 01:13:00,877 --> 01:13:05,047 To prevent Frick from bringing in replacements. 946 01:13:35,119 --> 01:13:37,499 The fight has turned personal. 947 01:13:41,000 --> 01:13:43,080 But Frick isn't about to back down. 948 01:13:44,045 --> 01:13:46,415 He calls in reinforcements. 949 01:13:55,515 --> 01:13:57,885 For years, the Pinkerton Detectives have been 950 01:13:57,975 --> 01:13:59,595 a private police force. 951 01:14:00,728 --> 01:14:03,558 Best known for tracking down train robbers. 952 01:14:07,693 --> 01:14:11,033 They even stopped a plot to assassinate Abraham Lincoln. 953 01:14:11,781 --> 01:14:15,331 And were hired as the President's personal bodyguards. 954 01:14:21,207 --> 01:14:24,457 But now they've become an army for hire. 955 01:14:29,382 --> 01:14:33,592 With more men and guns than the U.S. Military. 956 01:14:36,222 --> 01:14:40,022 If you have the money, they'll fight for you. 957 01:14:41,686 --> 01:14:43,846 And Frick has the money. 958 01:14:45,898 --> 01:14:47,858 - HEINDE: We'll enter by the river, 959 01:14:47,942 --> 01:14:50,152 take them by force if necessary. 960 01:14:50,820 --> 01:14:53,450 Remember your training, follow orders. 961 01:14:54,532 --> 01:14:57,162 If they start shooting we'll hit them back hard. 962 01:14:58,536 --> 01:15:00,826 There is no place for cowardice. 963 01:15:04,500 --> 01:15:07,500 - DAVID NASAW: The Pinkertons were mercenaries. 964 01:15:07,587 --> 01:15:09,837 They were from out of town. 965 01:15:09,922 --> 01:15:11,672 They had no ties to Pittsburgh, 966 01:15:11,757 --> 01:15:13,217 no ties to these workers. 967 01:15:13,301 --> 01:15:17,141 They were paid a wage to wield their clubs. 968 01:15:19,557 --> 01:15:21,847 The moment Frick made the decision to bring in 969 01:15:21,934 --> 01:15:27,364 Pinkertons, the die was cast and the only way 970 01:15:27,440 --> 01:15:30,110 this strike was going to end was in tragedy. 971 01:15:32,194 --> 01:15:33,454 - HEINDE: FIRE! 972 01:15:48,044 --> 01:15:51,674 - NARRATOR: 2,000 men barricade themselves 973 01:15:51,756 --> 01:15:53,716 inside the Homestead plant. 974 01:15:59,597 --> 01:16:03,847 Causing steel production to grind to a hault. 975 01:16:05,853 --> 01:16:08,943 Carnegie Steel's chairman, Henry Frick, 976 01:16:09,023 --> 01:16:11,403 is in no mood to negotiate. 977 01:16:16,113 --> 01:16:18,663 Under pressure to quell the revolt, 978 01:16:18,741 --> 01:16:21,031 Frick brings in the Pintertons. 979 01:16:21,327 --> 01:16:26,077 A mercenary army capable of outgunning the U.S. Military. 980 01:16:28,334 --> 01:16:31,384 And their presence threatens to be the spark 981 01:16:31,462 --> 01:16:33,382 that light the powder keg. 982 01:16:34,256 --> 01:16:36,626 - DAVID NASAW: Frick thought to himself 983 01:16:36,717 --> 01:16:39,507 when the workers see the Pinkertons, 984 01:16:39,595 --> 01:16:43,095 when they see that I'm not going to back down 985 01:16:43,182 --> 01:16:44,432 they will back down. 986 01:16:45,643 --> 01:16:47,273 He thought a show of strength, 987 01:16:47,353 --> 01:16:50,523 a show of resolve, was all that was needed. 988 01:16:50,606 --> 01:16:53,016 And that would be the end. 989 01:16:54,026 --> 01:16:56,106 He badly miscalculated. 990 01:16:58,823 --> 01:17:00,493 - O'DONNELL: Hold your ground. 991 01:17:00,574 --> 01:17:02,374 Stay calm. Stay calm. 992 01:17:16,841 --> 01:17:19,091 - HEINDE: We're here to take possession of this property. 993 01:17:19,176 --> 01:17:20,296 - CROWD: No! 994 01:17:21,679 --> 01:17:24,599 - O'DONNELL: I suggest you turn around and go home. 995 01:17:24,932 --> 01:17:26,352 You're not getting in. 996 01:17:26,809 --> 01:17:28,599 - HEINDE: If you do not stand aside, 997 01:17:28,686 --> 01:17:30,766 we will mow every one of you down. 998 01:17:30,855 --> 01:17:32,225 CROWD: Muttering. 999 01:17:32,314 --> 01:17:34,444 - O'DONNELL: The blood of innocent men 1000 01:17:34,525 --> 01:17:36,105 will be on your hands. 1001 01:17:37,403 --> 01:17:39,533 - HEINDE: Tear down this barricade. 1002 01:17:39,613 --> 01:17:40,993 - CROWD: No! 1003 01:18:08,601 --> 01:18:09,981 - HEINDE: Fire! 1004 01:18:10,352 --> 01:18:12,692 Fire! Shoot them. Shoot! 1005 01:18:12,772 --> 01:18:14,522 - (guns firing) 1006 01:18:15,483 --> 01:18:16,653 - (moaning) 1007 01:18:19,612 --> 01:18:21,112 - (guns firing) 1008 01:18:25,159 --> 01:18:26,449 - (moaning) 1009 01:19:11,038 --> 01:19:12,288 - O'DONNELL: Hold the line. 1010 01:19:12,373 --> 01:19:13,623 Keep your ground. 1011 01:19:23,759 --> 01:19:25,759 - HEINDE: Fire! Fire! 1012 01:19:41,318 --> 01:19:43,068 - You all right? You all right? 1013 01:19:43,154 --> 01:19:44,154 - Take it. 1014 01:19:45,573 --> 01:19:46,823 - (groaning) 1015 01:19:49,952 --> 01:19:51,372 - (screaming) 1016 01:19:55,875 --> 01:19:57,075 - HEINDE: Fire! 1017 01:19:57,168 --> 01:20:09,798 Fire! 1018 01:20:17,188 --> 01:20:18,348 - (gagging) 1019 01:20:30,409 --> 01:20:32,869 - NARRATOR: When the fighting stops, 1020 01:20:32,953 --> 01:20:36,213 nine Carnegie Steel workers lie dead. 1021 01:20:37,541 --> 01:20:41,001 While countless others sustain severe injuries. 1022 01:20:43,214 --> 01:20:45,674 But they manage to hold their ground. 1023 01:20:48,219 --> 01:20:51,139 Until Pennsylvania's Governor sends in 1024 01:20:51,222 --> 01:20:55,102 the state militia to finally restore order. 1025 01:21:01,899 --> 01:21:04,979 Homestead is back in the hands of the management. 1026 01:21:10,449 --> 01:21:14,829 But Andrew Carnegie's problems are far from over. 1027 01:21:17,206 --> 01:21:20,116 The public is outraged over the violence, 1028 01:21:20,793 --> 01:21:23,883 blaming chairman Henry Frick directly. 1029 01:21:28,425 --> 01:21:31,715 Many are demanding justice for the dead. 1030 01:21:37,768 --> 01:21:38,808 - Mr. Frick. 1031 01:21:41,689 --> 01:21:42,939 - (gun fires) 1032 01:21:46,944 --> 01:21:49,704 - NARRATOR: The vast and rapid growth ofAmerica 1033 01:21:49,780 --> 01:21:51,280 is in full swing. 1034 01:21:52,533 --> 01:21:55,743 Railroads now connect all 44 states. 1035 01:21:57,121 --> 01:22:00,161 Oil is the most precious resource in the country. 1036 01:22:02,084 --> 01:22:04,964 And steel is building our cities. 1037 01:22:06,797 --> 01:22:10,377 But growth at this pace doesn't come without a cost. 1038 01:22:16,265 --> 01:22:19,095 Andrew Carnegie is making more steel than anyone 1039 01:22:19,184 --> 01:22:20,564 else in the world. 1040 01:22:23,647 --> 01:22:25,607 To meet this level of production, 1041 01:22:25,691 --> 01:22:29,071 his workers are on their feet 12 hours a day, 1042 01:22:29,153 --> 01:22:30,573 six days a week. 1043 01:22:32,865 --> 01:22:36,365 The conditions spur them to barricade the plant, 1044 01:22:36,452 --> 01:22:39,912 leading Carnegie's Chairman, Henry Frick, 1045 01:22:39,997 --> 01:22:41,497 to call in mercenaries. 1046 01:22:41,582 --> 01:22:42,752 - HEINDE: Fire! 1047 01:22:42,833 --> 01:22:44,673 - (guns firing) 1048 01:22:45,669 --> 01:22:46,789 - (moaning) 1049 01:22:58,515 --> 01:23:01,135 - NARRATOR: A bloody battle leaves nine workers dead. 1050 01:23:03,812 --> 01:23:05,982 Frick regains control of Homestead. 1051 01:23:08,692 --> 01:23:10,992 But while the carnage is over... 1052 01:23:12,029 --> 01:23:14,489 ...the public outcry is just beginning. 1053 01:23:17,326 --> 01:23:19,196 - DAVID NASAW: It was a massacre. 1054 01:23:19,286 --> 01:23:22,156 Not just in terms of the number of injured and dead. 1055 01:23:22,247 --> 01:23:25,787 But a massacre that any civilians should be killed, 1056 01:23:25,876 --> 01:23:28,746 standing and defending their plant. 1057 01:23:30,923 --> 01:23:32,763 - NARRATOR: Over night, Homestead becomes a 1058 01:23:32,841 --> 01:23:37,011 searing symbol of life and death in Industrial America. 1059 01:23:52,569 --> 01:23:54,989 - MAURY KLEIN: Carnegie probably was appalled 1060 01:23:55,072 --> 01:23:56,992 at what happened at Homestead. 1061 01:23:57,991 --> 01:24:01,831 He prided himself on portraying his company 1062 01:24:01,912 --> 01:24:05,082 as an enlightened, progressive company, 1063 01:24:05,165 --> 01:24:07,075 which in many ways it was. 1064 01:24:07,709 --> 01:24:11,549 What Homestead did was cast a stain on that 1065 01:24:11,630 --> 01:24:13,380 and on his reputation that he had 1066 01:24:13,465 --> 01:24:15,255 a very hard time living down. 1067 01:24:17,052 --> 01:24:21,182 -NARRATOR: Carnegie extends his stay in Scotland... 1068 01:24:21,265 --> 01:24:23,925 ...Hoping the distance will allow the controversy 1069 01:24:24,017 --> 01:24:25,387 to blow over. 1070 01:24:27,479 --> 01:24:30,519 But American reporters track him down. 1071 01:24:30,607 --> 01:24:34,107 - Excuse me, just a word. - No gentleman. 1072 01:24:34,194 --> 01:24:35,364 - Mr. Carnegie our readers... 1073 01:24:35,446 --> 01:24:37,526 - Another time gentlemen. - Yes, just a word. 1074 01:24:37,614 --> 01:24:39,374 - I am not in the habit of giving interviews 1075 01:24:39,450 --> 01:24:41,370 in the middle of public parks. - Mr. Carnegie. 1076 01:24:41,452 --> 01:24:43,292 - Get out of my damned way. 1077 01:24:59,136 --> 01:25:02,346 - NARRATOR: While Carnegie's hounded by press abroad... 1078 01:25:04,808 --> 01:25:07,938 ...At home, the public's outrage is escalating. 1079 01:25:10,355 --> 01:25:12,395 A new group is emerging, 1080 01:25:14,109 --> 01:25:16,819 calling themselves "The Anarchists." 1081 01:25:17,696 --> 01:25:19,776 Known for their violent tactics, 1082 01:25:21,116 --> 01:25:23,526 they are beginning to strike out. 1083 01:25:23,619 --> 01:25:26,449 Whenever and wherever they see injustice. 1084 01:25:29,208 --> 01:25:31,418 Now they've turned their attention 1085 01:25:31,502 --> 01:25:33,502 to the massacre at Homestead. 1086 01:25:34,254 --> 01:25:35,844 Demanding payback. 1087 01:25:37,174 --> 01:25:41,434 Their target is the chairman of Carnegie Steel. 1088 01:25:48,310 --> 01:25:51,400 Henry Frick is determined to get steel production 1089 01:25:51,480 --> 01:25:52,810 back up to speed. 1090 01:25:54,691 --> 01:25:57,571 But his enemies have other plans. 1091 01:26:16,588 --> 01:26:17,958 - (footsteps) 1092 01:26:41,655 --> 01:26:42,855 - Mr. Frick. 1093 01:26:45,409 --> 01:26:47,119 - (gun fires) - (yells) 1094 01:26:53,458 --> 01:26:55,168 - (Frick groans) 1095 01:27:04,720 --> 01:27:06,220 - (choking) 1096 01:27:08,265 --> 01:27:11,305 - (grunting) 1097 01:27:41,340 --> 01:27:42,720 - Get off of me. 1098 01:27:49,306 --> 01:27:50,426 Let me go.