Copperheads Peace Democrats states' rights food shortages Gettysburg bounty jumpers Ulysses S. Grant prisoner of war camps hyperinflation black soldiers writ of habeas corpus Abraham Lincoln Britain Emancipation Proclamation Morrill Land-Grant College Act prisoner-of-war race riots of 1863 Antietam Fort Sumter Andersonville Thirteenth Amendment antiwar activists Sherman's March Atlanta Fourteenth Amendment equal protection of the law Confederate war debt citizenship civil rights federal government powers state government powers enfranchisement black churches scalawags carpetbaggers Compromise of 1877 corruption in the post-Civil War era freedmen William T. Sherman impeachment Andrew Johnson 15th Amendment Freedmen's Bureau Ku Klux Klan Reconstruction mid-term Congressional election of 1866 Radical Republicans Panic of 1873 mining railroad black codes Tenure of Office Act scandal and corruption sharecropping abolitionists Frederick Douglass southern planter class Moderate Republicans Southern Republicans civil service reform the franchise Johnson Reconstruction Plan ex-Confederate states Jim Crow laws segregation Frederick Jackson Turner Chinese in California Gold Mountain women in the West Hispanics Bureau of Census 1890 foreign born immigrants mining corporations Native Americans open-range grazing "Peace Policy" toward the Indians Battle of Wounded Knee Ghost Dance Battle of Little Bighorn George A. Custer borderland communities Black Kettle Sitting Bull immigration restriction assimilation Plessy v. Ferguson range wars Union Pacific Sand Creek massacre Homestead Act Plains Indian cultures reservations Andrew Carnegie monopoly corporate consolidations or mergers Gilded Age Sherman Antitrust Act unions strikes railroads Knights of Labor gospel of wealth Farmers' Alliance Coxey's Army American Railway Union Pullman Strike Eugene Debs American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers Homestead strike 1896 presidential election William McKinley William Jennings Bryan Standard Oil John D. Rockefeller skilled vs unskilled labor Haymarket Square Riot cross of gold" speech vertical integration horizontal integration Pinkerton detectives Great Railway Strike Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 pools and railroad rebates equal pay for women