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According to the historians who are speaking at the beginning of the video, a significant change was made to the __________________ system in order to encourage individualist economic competition during this period in history. The result was the increase in the number of inventions, technological advancements, and eventually the growth of capitalism.{*legal*} [html]
The Dual Revolution produced by the War for Independence was both political and economic, fostering both democracy and industrialization spurred on by capitalism. It transformed the new nation consisting largely of underdeveloped land under Thomas Jefferson 1801 to a world leader by the time of Theodore Roosevelt a century later. In 1801, only 10% of the American population lived in the cities, and although half of the population was English, the United States lagged far behind England when it came to industrialization.{TRUE} [html]
The American Industrial Revolution began in 1789 with an act of economic espionage. A British industrialist, disguised as a farmer, came to the United States secretly bringing with him memorized plans for textile machines. What was the name of this English mechanic?{*Slater*} [html]
Economist Adam Smith wrote a book called The Wealth of Nations. This new capitalistic economy replaced the state-controlled, mercantilistic system that had been imposed on the colonies by Britain. In his book, Smith proposed that the production of wealth would increase dramatically if individuals were allowed to pursue their __________________, with little interference from government. This unseen hand, would improve the lot of all people, rather than the hand of government. His were radical ideas, but not for the new American Nation. Many Americans came to believe that individual production of wealth would lead to serve a public good.{*self interest*} [html]
During the early years of American industrialization, water power came before power produced by burning coal. Although factories would have to be located near streams and rivers, textile mill owner Samuel Slater also had a problem finding laborers to work in his factory. He began to use women and orphaned children. These developments were a cause of debatable events for the nation's founders. While Alexander Hamilton celebrated the creation Slater's Mill, Thomas Jefferson, who is not anti-technology, feared the large-scale results of this type of work. He was worried about the slums in Manchester, England being reborn here in the United States. {TRUE} [html]
American Industrial Revolution began in the countryside, not in the cities. The most well-known example was built in Lowell, Massachusetts buy entrepreneur Francis Cabot Lowell. One of the most unique features was that Lowell utilized an almost completely female workforce. The rotating workforce had numerous causes, such as women getting married. This kept the system prosperous for the owners. Although there were a few strikes, and calls for better pay by the workers, they problems did not exist for long. Afterall, there were no workers unions in the mills. With the development of steam power, the mills grew in size and so did the workforce. However, the American Yankee women were replaced by poor Irish laborers who worked for less pay. Coal, Steam, and immigrant labor ended the idealistic Lowell system and brought about full scale industrialization to the United States.{*immigrant*} [html]
Roads, canals, and railroads tied the nation together into a new system that brought about the market revolution. The geographic area affected stretched from New York westward to Chicago. In 1830, there was no city of Chicago. Instead it was a fur trading post located on the edge of the wilderness. New York was the nation's capital of commerce and the leading importer and exporter for the entire country. What was the specific name of the transportation system that brought East and West together and helped spur the market revolution in the North? {Erie Canal} [html]
Historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that Western pioneers where the most important element in the opening of the West Seven of the West. Professor Miller argues that it was the cities that were the catalysts to the settlement of the West. In particular he uses the city of Chicago as an example. He also argues that Adam Smith's theory was essentially true. Individual pursuit and production of wealth would lead to serve a public good. But capitalism can also be brutal. The ________________ Indian tribe was displaced from the territory surrounding Chicago by land speculators who came in to make money in the future growth of the city, turning this French and Indian trading post into a capitalist, Anglo-American city. {*Potawatomi} [html]
By the time of the Civil War, more railroads met at Chicago than any other place on the earth. As a matter of fact, the railroads ran directly into center of the city, a practice that had been outlawed in New York City. The railroad replaced the canal as the most important transportation system by the 1840s. Professor Miller also indicates that the establishment of railroads was a significant development in keeping the lower Midwest connected to the free states of the North, rather than joining the southern slave states of the Confederacy during the Civil War in the 1860s. Capitalism and technology shaped places like Chicago as opportunity centers but they also produced scenes of ___________________, injustice, and unrest. {economic excess}